Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institute
Department of Electronic Communication Technology
Post graduate program in Electronic Communication Technology
Advanced Antenna Systems (ECT- 534)
Work Sheet-I
1. A hypothetical isotropic antenna is radiating in free-space. At a distance of 100 m from the
antenna, the total electric field (Eθ ) is measured to be 5 V/m. Find the
a. power density (Srad)
b. power radiated (Prad)
2. The maximum radiation intensity of a 90% efficiency antenna is 200 mW/unit solid angle. Find
the directivity and gain (dimensionless and in dB) when the
a) input power is 125.66 mW
b) radiated power is 125.66 mW
3. The power radiated by a lossless antenna is 10 watts. The directional characteristics of the
antenna are represented by the radiation intensity of
For each, find the
a) maximum power density (in watts/square meter) at a distance of 1,000 m (assume far-
field distance). Specify the angle where this occurs.
b) beam solid angle 2A.
c) Directivity of the antenna (dimensionless and in dB).
d) Gain of the antenna (dimensionless and in dB).
4. In target-search ground-mapping radars it is desirable to have echo power received from a
target, of constant cross section, to be independent of its range. For one such application, the
desirable radiation intensity of the antenna is given by
Find the directivity (in dB)
5. The normalized far-zone field pattern of an antenna is given by
Find the directivity
6. A λ/2 dipole, with a total loss resistance of 1 ohm, is connected to a generator whose internal
impedance is 50 + j 25 ohms. Assuming that the peak voltage of the generator is 2 V and the
impedance of the dipole, excluding the loss resistance, is 73 + j 42.5 ohms, find the power
a) supplied by the source (real)
b) radiated by the antenna
c) dissipated by the antenna
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7. The normalized radiation intensity of a given antenna is given by
The intensity exists only in the 0 ≤ θ ≤ π, 0 ≤ φ ≤ π region, and it is zero elsewhere. Find the
a. directivity (dimensionless and in dB).
b. azimuthal and elevation plane half-power beam widths (in degrees)
8. An antenna with a radiation resistance of 48 ohms, a loss resistance of 2 ohms, and a reactance
of 50 ohms is connected to a generator with open-circuit voltage of 10 V and internal
impedance of 50 ohms via a λ/4-long transmission line with characteristic impedance of 100
ohms.
a. Draw the equivalent circuit
b. Determine the power supplied by the generator
c. Determine the power radiated by the antenna
9. The E-field pattern of an antenna, independent of φ, varies as follows:
a. What is the directivity of this antenna?
b. What is the radiation resistance of the antenna at 200 m from it if the field is equal to 10
V/m (rms) for θ = 0◦ at that distance and the terminal current is 5 A (rms)?
10. The radiation intensity of an antenna can be approximated by
Determine the maximum effective aperture (in m2) of the antenna if its frequency of
operation is f = 10 GHz.
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GROUP ASSIGNMENT
Course Name: Advanced Antenna Systems
Course Code: ECT- 534
Date of Submission: Jan, 15,2026
Total mark : 10 for each
1. An antenna radiates an electric field in the far-field region given by
where E0 is a constant.
a. Derive mathematically the expression for: -Radiation power density S(θ,ϕ) and Radiation
intensity U(θ,ϕ)
b. Using MATLAB Plot the 3D radiation intensity pattern, Plot the principal-plane patterns
(ϕ=0∘, ϕ=90∘) and Normalize radiation pattern
c. Numerically compute the total radiated power by integrating radiation intensity over
the full solid angle. Calculate the directivity and express it in: - Linear scale and dB scale
d. Explain why the computed directivity is independent of distance and how numerical
integration errors affect the result.
2. An antenna has a radiation intensity pattern:
a. Derive mathematically the expression for total radiated power and maximum radiation
intensity
b. Calculate directivity
c. Using MATLAB Plot the normalized radiation pattern
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