What is
“Work Study” ?
Work study is a systematic process of analyzing
and improving work methods to increase
efficiency and productivity.
2. Objectives of Work Study
Eliminate wasteful activities
Simplify work processes
Improve utilization of resources (men, machines,
materials)
Reduce operation time and cost
Improve workplace layout and flow
Establish standard methods and standard times
Enhance productivity without increasing worker fatigue
Components of Work Study
A. METHOD (How work
STUDY is done)
Work
Study
B. WORK (How long
MEASUREMENT work takes)
A . METHOD STUDY
Method Study is the systematic recording, analysis,
and critical examination of existing and proposed
ways of doing work to:
Develop easier and more effective methods
Reduce unnecessary motions
Improve workflow and layout
Objectives of Method Study
Improve work methods
Reduce fatigue and effort
Improve safety
Reduce production time
Ensure better utilization of
equipment and workspace
METHOD STUDY DIAGRAM (Steps)
Record Install
2 6
1 3 5 7
Select Examine Define Maintain
4
Develop
Steps in Method Study
Select
Choose the job or process to be studied.
Record
Record all relevant facts using charts and diagrams.
Examine
Critically examine each step using questioning techniques:
1
1.. What is done?
2
2.. Why is it done?
3
3.. Where is it done?
4
4.. When is it done?
5
5.. Who does it?
6
6.. How is it done?
77.. the new method.
Develop
Develop the most practical,
economical, and effective method.
Define
Clearly define the new method and
document it.
Install
Implement the new method.
Maintain
Ensure the method is followed
consistently.
Method Study Tools
01 02 03 04 05 06
Operation Two-Handed Flow Process Flow String Process
Process Process Chart Diagram Diagram Mapping
Chart Chart (man/material/
machine)
B. WORK MEASUREMENT
Work Measurement is the
application of
techniques to determine
the time required for a
qualified worker to carry
out a task at a defined
level of performance.
Objectives of Work Measurement
Establish standard time for tasks
Plan production schedules
Balance workloads
Determine manpower requirements
Measure performance and productivity
Set fair wage and incentive systems
Techniques of Work Measurement
Time Study (Stopwatch Study)
Measures time taken for each element of a task
Work Sampling
Statistical method to estimate time spent on
activities
Predetermined Motion Time Systems (PMTS)
Uses pre-established time values for basic motions
Standard Data
Uses previously established time data
Steps in Time Study
Select the job
Break the job into elements
Observe and record time for each element
Determine performance rating
Calculate normal time
Add allowances (fatigue, delay, personal)
Determine standard time
Data Collected in Work Study
Process steps
Sequence of operations
Time taken for each activity
Worker movements
Machine utilization
Delays and idle time
Distance traveled
Layout ef fectiveness
Outcomes
Outcomes of
of Work
Work Study
Study
Improved
Improved work
work methods
methods
Reduced
Reduced cycle
cycle time
time
Increased
Increased productivity
productivity
Standardized
Standardized processes
processes
Better
Better planning
planning and
and control
control
Reduced
Reduced operational
operational costs
costs
Improved
Improved working
working conditions
conditions
Areas Where Work Study Is Applied
Manufacturing operations
Assembly lines
Material handling
Of fice and administrative work
Service industries
Maintenance activities
What is Ergonomics?
Ergonomics is the
science of
designing work,
tools, and
workplaces to fit
the worker — not
forcing the worker
to fit the job.
Goal:
Improve comfort
Reduce injuries
Increase productivity
Improve safety
Key Areas of Ergonomics
Proper Sitting Posture
Proper Workstation Setup
Industrial Ergonomics
1. Proper Sitting Posture
✔ Keep back straight
✔ Feet flat on floor
✔ Monitor at eye level
✔ Elbows at 90°
2. Proper Workstation Setup
✔ Screen 20–30 inches from eyes
✔ Keyboard at elbow height
✔ Wrists straight
✔ Good lighting
3. Industrial Ergonomics
✔ Proper lifting techniques
✔ Adjustable work tables
✔ Reduced repetitive motion
✔ Mechanical aids for heavy loads
Work Study → Improves the method
and time of work
Ergonomics → Improves the comfort
and safety of workers
Thank You