Inorganic Chemistry
P-Block
Lecture No- 1
By – OM PANDEY, IIT Delhi
1 Introduction to P block
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Electronic Configuration Group oxidation state
B C B C
Al Si Al Si
Ga Ge Ga Ge
In Sn In Sn
Tl Pb Tl Pb
Nh Fl
Nihonium (Nh) and Flerovium (Fl) both are synthetically prepared radioactive element .
B C
Al Si
Ga Ge
In Sn
Tl Pb
Abondance in Earth Crust :
Ga, Ge and Bi liquid expands when it forms the solid.
QUESTION (20 July, 2021 / Shift-II)
Outermost electronic configuration of group 13 element, E, is 4s24p1. The electronic
configuration of an element of p-block period-five placed diagonally to element, E is:
A [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
B [Kr] 3d10 4s2 4p2
C [Xe] 5d10 6s2 6p2
D [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Atomic radius
B C – 77 pm Considerable increase in covalent radius from C to Si
Al Si – 118 pm From Si to Pb a small increase in radius -
this is due to the presence of completely filled d and f
Ga Ge – 122 pm orbitals in heavier members.
In Sn – 140 pm
Tl Pb – 146 pm
Ionisation Energy
B NCERT : The decrease from B to C NCERT : The influence of inner core
Al is associated with increase in electrons is visible here also. In
size . general the ionisation enthalpy
Al Si decreases down the group.
The observed discontinuity in
the ionisation enthalpy values Small decrease in ∆i H from Si to Ge to
Ga between Al and Ga , and Ge Sn and slight increase in ∆i H from Sn
between In and Tl are due to to Pb is the consequence of poor
In inability of d- and f-electrons Sn shielding effect of intervening d and f
,which have low screening effect orbitals and increase in size of the
, to compensate the increase in atom .
Tl nuclear charge. Pb
Electronegativity B – 2.0 C – 2.5
Al – 1.5 Si – 1.8
Ga – 1.6 Ge – 1.8
In – 1.7 Sn – 1.8
Tl – 1.8 Pb – 1.9
First Atom of Group
No, d orbital Hybridisation : sp sp2 sp3
Using d-orbitals the 3rd period elements can expand their covalency above four.
Existence : BF4– AlF63– SiF62– [GeCl6 ]2– [Sn(OH)6 ]2–
Small in size Form multiple bond easily
This type of π - bonding is not particularly strong for the heavier p-block elements. The
heavier elements do form π bonds but this involves d orbitals (dπ – pπ or dπ –dπ ).
No of coordinate bonds :
AlCl4-
AlCl63-
BF4-
NH4+
QUESTION (12 Jan, 2019 / Shift-II)
The element that shows greater ability to form p-p multiple bonds, is :
A Sn
B C
C Ge
D Si
Group – 13
B2O3 Al2O3 Ga2O3 In2O3 Tl2O3
Group – 14
CO SiO GeO SnO PbO
CO2 SiO2 GeO2 SnO2 PbO2
Pb3O4
Pb2O3
QUESTION (27 July, 2021 / Shift-I)
Match List-I with List-II:
List-I List-II
(A) NaOH (I) Acidic
(B) Be(OH)2 (II) Basic
(C) Ca(OH)2 (III) Amphoteric
(D) B(OH)3
(E) Al(OH)3
A (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III), (E)-(III)
B (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III), (E)-(III)
C (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III), (E)-(III)
D (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III), (E)-(III)
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Inorganic Chemistry
P-Block
Lecture No- 2
By – OM PANDEY, IIT Delhi
1 Bridge Bonding
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