Chapter 4 9th (Computer Science) Data & Analysis
Unit 4: Data & Analysis
MCQs
i. is a structured or processed collection of data usually associated with a unique body
of work.
a) Database
b) Dataset
c) Data and Information
d) Information
ii. refers to the process of carefully examining and studying data to identify patterns,
draw conclusions, or make the data meaningful.
a) Data analytics
b) Data Predictions
c) Dataset
d) Database
iii. is the graphical representation of data through use of common charts, plots,
infographics, and animations.
a) Data cleaning
b) Missing values
c) Data visualization
d) Data hiding
iv. is a subset of Machine learning, with emphasis on the simulation or imitation of
the human brain's behavior by using artificial neural networks.
a) Data visualization
b) Computer vision
c) Deep learning
d) Big Data
v. is the use of data to predict future trends and events based on historical data.
a) Statistical analysis
b) Predictive analysis
c) Graphical analysis
d) Deep learning
vi. is the fast rate at which data is received and acted on.
a) Volume
b) Velocity
c) Variety
d) Vision
vii. includes the data which can only take certain values and cannot be further
subdivided into smaller units.
a) Discrete data
b) Continuous data
c) Ordinal data
d) Referral data
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Chapter 4 9th (Computer Science) Data & Analysis
viii. is a limitation of big data.
a) Statistical data
b) Unlimited growth of data
c) Data visualization
d) Predictive maintenance
ix. Customer satisfaction levels such as satisfied, dissatisfied, and neutral are examples of
data type.
a) Ordinal data
b) Continuous data
c) Numeric data
d) Discrete data
x. is a method of collecting information from individuals.
a) Survey
b) Data hiding
c) Data visualization
d) Data finding
SRQs
Q1. Define data analytics and data science. Are they similar or different? Give a reason.
Data Analytics refers to the process of carefully examining and studying data to identify
patterns, draw conclusions, or make the data meaningful. It involves mathematical calculations,
statistical techniques, charts, and other tools.
Data Science is an interdisciplinary field that uses mathematics, statistics, data analysis, and
machine learning to analyze data and extract insights. It is broader than data analytics as it
encompasses data analytics along with other aspects like data preparation, data cleaning, and
predictive modeling.
Q2. Can you relate how data science is helpful in solving business problems?
Data science helps businesses by analyzing historical data to predict future trends, optimize
inventory, improve customer satisfaction, enhance marketing strategies, detect fraud, and make
data-driven decisions. For example, by analyzing customer data, a company can predict which
products are likely to be popular and stock them accordingly.
Q3. Database is useful in the field of data science. Defend this statement.
Database is an organized collection of data stored in multiple datasets or tables. These tables
can be accessed electronically from the computer system for further manipulation and update.
They provide a structured way to manage data to perform accurate analyses and derive
meaningful insights.
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Chapter 4 9th (Computer Science) Data & Analysis
Q4. Compare machine learning and deep learning, in the context of formal & informal
education.
Machine Learning: Machine learning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence and computer
science which emphasizes the use of data and algorithms to imitate human learning by the
computers. It is used in formal education for adaptive learning systems and in informal
education for apps like language learning.
Deep Learning: Deep learning is the subset of Machine learning, with emphasis on the
simulation or imitation of human brain's behavior by using artificial neural networks. It is
applied in formal education with AI tutors and in informal education for speech recognition
and chatbots.
Q5. What is meant by sources of data? Give three sources of data excluding those
mentioned in the book.
Sources of Data refer to the origins from which data is collected. These can be primary or
secondary sources.
Social Media Platforms: Data collected from user posts.
Government Databases: Public records, census data, and economic reports.
Transaction Data: Information gathered from sales transactions, banking records etc.
Q6. Differentiate between database and dataset.
A dataset is a structured or processed collection of data, which is usually associated with a
unique body of work. However, a database is an organized collection of data stored in multiple
datasets or tables. These tables can be accessed electronically from the computer system for
further manipulation and update.
Q7. Argue about the trends, outliers, and distribution of values in a data set? Describe.
Trends show how data is moving over time and reveal patterns. Outliers are data points that
are very different from others and may show mistakes or changes. Distribution tells how data
is spread out, helping to understand overall patterns.
Q8. Why are summary statistics needed?
Summary statistics is information about the data in a sample to understand it better. It may
include the total number of values, mean value, standard deviation etc. of data. It provides a
quick overview of the characteristics of data to understand the trends, outliers, and distribution
of values in a dataset. It leads to a better understanding of data cleaning, data preprocessing,
feature selection, and data visualization.
Q9. Express big data in your own words. Explain the three V's of big data with reference
to email data. (Hint: An email box that contains hundreds of emails)
Big Data refers to extremely large datasets that cannot be managed, processed, or analyzed
using traditional data processing tools. The three V's of big data are:
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Chapter 4 9th (Computer Science) Data & Analysis
1. Volume: Refers to the large amount of data generated (e.g., hundreds of emails).
2. Velocity: The speed at which data is generated and processed (e.g., real-time email
notifications).
3. Variety: Different formats and types of available data (e.g., text, attachments,
metadata in emails).
Q10. Illustrate the purpose of data storage.
Data storage is used to save information so it can be accessed and used later. It helps in
keeping data safe and organized for future use. Data storage also allows easy retrieval for
analysis or sharing when needed.
ERQs
Q1. Sketch the key concepts of data science in your own words.
Data Science is an interdisciplinary field that uses mathematics, statistics, data analysis, and
machine learning to analyze data and extract insights. It is broader than data analytics as it
encompasses data analytics along with other aspects like data preparation, data cleaning, and
predictive modeling.
The key concepts include:
Data: It is facts, observations or information collected in different forms like numbers, words
etc.. It can be structured (processed) like tables or unstructured (un processed), such as videos
or audio.
Dataset: A dataset is a structured or processed collection of data, which is usually associated
with a unique body of work. For example: collection of brain CT scan images.
Data Analytics: The process of studying data to find patterns, draw conclusions, and make
the data meaningful. It can be done using mathematical calculations and charts.
Statistics and Probability: Statistics is the analysis of the frequency of past events and
probability is to predict the likelihood of future events. Data scientists use statistics and
probability to find patterns and trends in the data.
Mathematics: It helps to solve problems and make decisions by simplifying complex data.
Machine Learning: Machine learning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence and computer
science which emphasizes the use of data and algorithms to imitate human learning by the
computers. It is used in formal education for adaptive learning systems and in informal
education for apps like language learning.
Deep Learning: Deep learning is the subset of Machine learning, with emphasis on the
simulation or imitation of human brain's behavior by using artificial neural networks. It is
applied in formal education with AI tutors and in informal education for speech recognition
and chatbots.
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Chapter 4 9th (Computer Science) Data & Analysis
Data Mining: Data mining, subset of data science that focuses on discovering patterns and
relationships in existing datasets. The usage of techniques and tools is limited in data mining
as compared to data science.
Data Visualization: It is the graphical representation of complex data relationships through
charts, graphs, and figures to make it easier to understand.
Big Data: Big data refers to handling large volumes of data to find patterns and trends in
datasets. It helps to obtain more accurate and reliable results.
Predictive Analysis: Predictive analysis is the use of data to predict future trends and events
based on historical data.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): It is the study of interaction between human language
and computers. The common uses of NLP are chatbots, language translators, and sentiment
analysis.
Q2. Develop your own thinking on the various data types used in data science.
In data science, data is classified into two types: qualitative (categorical) and quantitative
(numeric).
Qualitative (Categorical) Data: It describes objects that can be labeled by categories and
cannot be represented numerically. Examples include colors and places. It is subdivided into:
1. Ordinal Data: Ordered categories that use a specific order or ranking e.g.
o Test grades (A, B, C)
o Economic status (low, medium, high)
o Military rank
2. Nominal Data: Unordered categories that are mutually exclusive and cannot be ranked
e.g.
o Types of transportation (car, bus, train)
o Gender
o Color
o Employment status
Quantitative (Numeric) Data: Deals with numerical values and can be analyzed
mathematically. Examples include height, weight, and number of students. It is subdivided
into:
1. Discrete Data: Countable values that cannot be subdivided into smaller units e.g.
o Number of product reviews
o Tickets sold
o Number of employees in a company
2. Continuous Data: Measurable values that can take any value within a range e.g.
o Daily wind speed
o Weight of newborn babies
o Freezer temperature
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Chapter 4 9th (Computer Science) Data & Analysis
Q3. Compare how big data applies to various fields of life. Illustrate your answer with
suitable examples.
Big data refers to handling large volumes of data to find patterns and trends in datasets. It helps
to obtain more accurate and reliable results. It can be used in the following domains.
Healthcare: Big data helps track patient information and data from devices like health
monitors. It can predict disease outbreaks and help doctors provide better treatments by
monitoring patients in real time.
Media and Entertainment: Big data is used to understand what viewers like. Media
companies use this data to create content that interests people and to target ads better.
Internet of Things (IoT): Big data helps IoT devices, like smart home gadgets, work better.
It analyzes the data these devices create to make them more personalized, like turning on
lights based on user habits.
Manufacturing: Big data helps factories predict when machines need repair. It also helps in
planning the supply of materials and making customized products.
Government: Governments use big data to improve public services. It helps them understand
what citizens need, stop fraud, and make sectors like farming and security better.
Q4. Relate the advantages and challenges of big data?
Advantages of Big Data:
1. Product Development: Big data helps companies know what customers want, so
they can create new products.
2. Predictive Maintenance: Big data helps predict when machines will break, so repairs
can be done early to avoid problems.
3. Customer Experience: By looking at data from many sources, companies can make
customers happier.
4. Fraud Detection: Big data finds strange patterns that might show fraud and helps
stop it.
Challenges of Big Data:
1. Data Quality: If the data is not good, it can cause mistakes and problems.
2. Data Security: Keeping big data safe from hackers is hard.
3. Data Growth: It’s difficult to manage the large and growing amount of data.
4. Tool Selection: It is hard to find tools that work well together.
5. Data Integration: Combining data from different formats is challenging.
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Chapter 4 9th (Computer Science) Data & Analysis
Q5. Design a case study about how data science and big data has revolutionized the field
of healthcare.
Case Study: Revolutionizing Healthcare with Data Science and Big Data
Section Details
Introduction Big data has changed healthcare.
Data Collection Data comes from records, tests, and devices.
Data Analysis Predicts diseases and personalizes treatments.
Implementation Improves care and enables remote services.
Results Better care, fewer hospital returns, better resource use.
Conclusion Helps doctors make better decisions and improve care.
AQs:
Q1. List the differences between primary and secondary data.
Criteria Primary Data Secondary Data
Definition Data collected directly from the Data collected from existing sources
original source by the researcher by someone other than the researcher,
through direct interaction with such as published sources, online
respondents. databases, and government records.
Collection Surveys Published sources
Methods Questionnaires online databases
Interviews government and institutional
Observations records
Experiments past surveys
focus groups social media data/posts
sensors publicly available data
IoT devices past research studies
biometric devices
Q2. List some sources of data.
The following are some sources of data:
Q3. Why is data analytics important for determining the number of students who prefer
various ice cream flavors in our school cafeteria?
Data analytics helps collect and study information. It shows which ice cream flavors students
like the most. This helps the school know what to offer and avoid wasting money on flavors
students don't like.
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Chapter 4 9th (Computer Science) Data & Analysis