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DSP Tutorial Question and Answer

The document provides an overview of key concepts in Electronics & Communication Engineering, particularly focusing on Digital Signal Processing. It covers definitions and classifications of signals, types of systems, properties of systems, and various signal operations. Additionally, it discusses filter design methods, including Butterworth and Chebyshev filters, and differentiates between different filter types and their characteristics.

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5 views21 pages

DSP Tutorial Question and Answer

The document provides an overview of key concepts in Electronics & Communication Engineering, particularly focusing on Digital Signal Processing. It covers definitions and classifications of signals, types of systems, properties of systems, and various signal operations. Additionally, it discusses filter design methods, including Butterworth and Chebyshev filters, and differentiates between different filter types and their characteristics.

Uploaded by

umar
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Electronics & Communication Engineering, Digital Signal Processing 1, What is @ continuous and discrete time signal? Ans: Continuous time signal: A signal x(t) is said t0 be continuous if it is defined for all time t Continuous time signal arise naturally when a physical waveform such as acousties wave ‘or light wave is converted into a clectrical signal. This is effected by means of transducer. (e.g.) microphone, photocell. Diserete time signal: A discrete time signal is defined only at discrete instants of time. ‘The independent variable has discrete values only, which are uniformly spaced. A discrete time signal is often derived from the continuous time signal by sampling it ata uniform rate 2. Give the dasstication of signals? ‘Ans: ‘Continuous-time and diserete time Even and odd signals Periodie signals and non-periodic signals Deterministic signal and Random signal Energy and Power signal jgnals 3. What are the types of systems? ‘Ans: Continuous time and diserete time systems Linear and Non-linear systems (Causal and Non-causal systems Static and Dynamic systems Timo varying and time in-varying systems Distributive parameters and Lumped parameters systems Stable and Un-stable systems. ‘4, What ara even and odd signals? Ans: Even signal: continuous time signal x(t) is said to be even if it satis X(PX(-1) forall values of (Oda signal: he signal x(t) i said to be odd if it satisfies the condition x(-2)>-x(8) for allt In other words even signal is symmetric about the time origin or the vertical axis, but odd signals are anti-symmetic about the vertical axis. the condition 5. What are deterministic and random signals? ‘Ans: Deterministic Signal: deterministic signal isa signal about which there is no certainty with respect to its value at any time. Accordingly we find that deterministic signals may be modeled as completely specified functions of time. Random signal: random signal isa signal about which there is uncertainty before its actual ‘occurrence. Such signal may be viewed as group of signals with cach signal in the ‘ensemble having different wave forms,(c-2.) The noise developed in a television or radio amplifier is an example for random signal. 6, What are energy and power signal? Ans: Energy signal: signal is refered as an energy signal, if and only if the total energy of the signal satisfies the condition 0=xt-x>-2-b Where b is the number of bits and xt is the truncated value of x. ‘The equation holds good for both sign magnitude, I's complement if x>0 Ifx<0, then for sign magnitude and for I's complement the truncation error satisfies, [Link] is meant rounding? Discuss its effect on all types of number representation? Rounding a number to b bits is accomplished by choosing the rounded result as the b bit number closest to the original number unrounded, For fixed point arithmetic, the error made by rounding a number to b bits satisfy the inequality Lb 2 ext 2 2 for al three types of number systems, Le., magnitude complement, I's complement & sign For floating point number the error made by rounding a number to b bits satisfy the inequality where E: [Link] is meant by A/D conversion noise? ADSP contains a device, A/D converter that operates on the analog input x(t) to produce xq(t) which is binary sequence of Os and Is, AL first the signal x(t) is sampled at regular intervals to produce a sequence x(n) is of infinite precision. Each sample x(n) is expressed in terms ofa finite number of bits given the sequence xq(n). The difference signal e(n)=xq(n)-x(n) is, [Link] is the effect of quantization on pole location? (Quantization of coefficients in digital filters lead to slight changes in their value. This change in value of filter coefficients modify the pole-zero locations. Some times the pole locations will be changed in such a way thatthe system may drive into instability. ‘[Link] realization is less sensitive to the process of quan tization? ‘Cascade form. .[Link] meant by quantization step size? ‘Let us assume a sinusoidal signal varying between +1 and -1 having a dynamic range 2. Ifthe ADC used to convert the sinusoidal signal employs b+ bits including sign bit, the number of levels available for quantizing x(n) is 2b+1. Thus the interval between successive levels 2b+1 Where q is known as quantization step size. 94. How would you relate the steady-state noise power due fo quantization and the b bits representing the binary sequence? Steady state noise power ‘Where b is the number of bits excluding sign bit, [Link] is overflow oscillation? The addition of two fixed-point arithmetic numbers cause aver flow the sum exceeds the word size available to store the sum. This overflow caused by adder make the filter ‘output to oscillate between maximum amplitude limits, Such limit eycles have been referred to as over flow oscillations. [Link] are the methods used to prevent overflow? There are two methods used to prevent overflow 1. Saturation arithmetic 2, Scaling, [Link] are the two kinds of limit cycle behavior in DSP? {zero input limit cycle oscillations [Link] limit cycle oscillations 98. What is meant by "dead band” of the filter “The limit eycle occur as a result of quantization effect in multiplication. The amplitudes of the output during a limit eycle are confined to a range of values called the dead band of the filter. [Link] briefly the need for scaling in the digital filter implementation. To prevent overflow, the signal level at certain points in the digital filter must be scaled So that no overflow occurs in the adder. [Link] are the different buses of TM S320C5X and their functions? ‘The CSX architecture has four buses and their functions are as follows: Program bus (PB): It carries the instruction code and immediate operands from program memory space to the CPU. Program address bus (PAB): It provides addresses to program memory space for both reads and writes. Data read bus (DB): It interconnects various clements of the CPU to data memory space. Data read address bus (DAB): It provides the address to access the data memory space. Part B 1. Determine the DFT of the sequence x(n) =14, for On. 0, otherwise Ans: The N point DFT of the sequence x(n) is defined as Na (l= Y xi" K=0,1,2,3,...NeL n=0 x(n) = (1/4,1/4,1/8) X(k)= %e*"[L4+2cos(2ak/3)] where k 01, 2. Derive the DFT of the sample data sequence x(n) = {1,1,2,2,3,3 Jand compute the corresponding amplitude and phase spectrum, Ans: The N point DFT of the sequence x(n) is defined as NA XC E x(mpeP™% ——K=0.1.23,.N-1 no X(0 “1.5 + 2.598 -1.5 +}0.806 Xi3)=0 X(4) =-1.5 0.866 X(5) =-1.5,j2.598 X(k) = {12, -1.5 + j2.598, -1.5 + 0.866,0, -1.5— j0.866, -1.5-)2.598} [X(k)[= 12,2.999,1,732,0,1,732,2.999} [Link] x(n) = 40,1,2,3.4,5,6.7} find X(k) using DIT FFT algorithm, Ans: Given N= 8 Wat =cit=Ne Using buterfly diagram X(K)= {28,-459.656 $44 -4451.656,-4,-4-)1.656, 49.656} [Link] X(k)~ {28,-44}9.656,-44)4,-4441.656, using inverse DIT FFT algorithm. 51.656,-4-j4,-4-)9.656} find x(n) Wak = cite We = 1 We! =0.7074j0.707 ws j -0.107=0.707 x(n) = (0.123,456,7} ‘.Find the inverse DFT of X(k) = {1.2.34} ‘Ans: The inverse DFT is defined as Nl x(a)=(1IN ) ¥ x(kge* 00, 1,2,3,..N-1 =O x(0)= 5/2 x(1) = “1/212 x(Q)=-1/2 x) =-1/24)1/2 x(n) = (5/2, -U24U2, -1/2, -1/24j1/2} 6. Design an ideal low pass filter witha frequency response He") =I for — Tow. Ootherwise find the value of b(n) for N=11 find H(Z) plot magnitude response a. Find h(n) by IDTET 'b. Convert h(n) into a fine length by truncation i) ed)=hy-4)=t 1(5)-h(-$)-0.06366 Find the transfer function H(Z) which is not realizable conver in to realizable by multiplying by 2"? © H°@) obtained is 0.06366-0.1062 0 3I83Z4+525+3183Z"1062°+0.063662 Find H(e) and plot amplitude response curve. 1. Design an ideal low pass filter with a frequency response H(e™) =I for — Tawi TT O otherwise {ind the value of h(n) for N=11 find H(Z) plot magnitude response Find h(a) by IDTFT h. Convert h(n) in toa fine length by truncation i Find the transfer func multiplying by 2" . Kk. H'(Z) obtained is 0.045-0.075z7 -.159 Z-3-0.22Z+0,75Z*-.22Z" -0.1592" -. 075Z°+0.045Z"° 1. Find H(e") and plot amplitude response curve 18 HZ) which is not realizable conver in to realizable by 8, Design band pass filter with a frequency response H(e™) =I for -[13<=\w} Ootherwise find the value of h(n) for N11 find H(Z) plot magnitude response sm, Find b(a) by IDTFT Convert h(n) in toa fine lenath by truncation Find the transfer function H(Z) which is not realizable conver into realizable by ‘multiplying by 2°" P. H'@) obtained Find H (cand plot amplitude response curve, 9. Design band reject filter with a frequency response Hy(e") =I for [iwi O otherw find the value of h(n) for N=I1 find H(Z) plot magnitude response ind h(n) by IDTFT Convert h(n) in to a fine length by truncation Find te transi function H(Z) which is nt realizable conver into realizable by sultiplying by 2°" tH'@)obiained Find 1 (e™) and plot amplitude response curve. 10, Derive the condition of FIR filter to be linear in phase Conditions are Group delay and Phase delay should be constant And ‘And show the condition is satisfied 1 Derive the expression for steady state L/P Noise Power and Steady state Q/P Noise Power. Write the derivation, 1 LDerive the expression for steady state L/P Noise Power and Steady state O/P Noise Power. Write the deriva 12 Draw the product quantatization model for firstorder and second order filter ‘Write the difference equation and draw the noise model 13 For the second order filter Draw the direct fom Il realization and find the scaling factor $0 to avoid over flow Find the scaling factor from the formula, Tr IE (1-42)(1-212cos20=r4) 14 Explain Briefly about various number representation in digital computer. | Fixed point 2 Floating point 3 Block floating point Signed magnitude represenation 1's Complement 2's Complement 15 Consider the transfer function H(Z)-HI(Z)H2(Z) where H1(Z) = 122) =1/ 1-a2Z-1 Find the o/p Round of noise power Assume al=0.5 and a2= 0.6 and find 0.p round off noise power L-alZ-1 Draw the round of Noise Model By using residue method find 601 By using residue method find « 02 90 2+6 022 2-26 (5.43) Ans 2 [Link] the architecture of DSP processor Diagram, & explanation. [Link] briefly the different methods of power spectral estimation? 1. Bartlett method 2. Welch method 3. Blackman-Tukey method and its derivation, [Link] brieily the different methods of power spectral estimation? 1. Bartlett method 2. Welch method 3. Blackman-Tukey method and its derivation, [Link] is meant by A/D conversion noise. Explain in detail? ADSP contains a device, A/D convertcr that operates on the analog input x(t) to produce xq(t) which is binary sequence of Os andl Is. At first the signal x(t) is sampled at regular intervals to produce a sequence x(n) is of infinite precision, Each sample x(n) is expressed in terms ofa finite number of bits given ‘the sequence xq(n). The difference signal e(n)=xq(n)-x(n) is called A/D conversion noise. + derivation. 19 onsider the transfer function H(Z)-HI(Z)H2(Z) where HZ) =1/L-al Z-1 H(z) =V/ 1-adZ-1 Find the o/p Round of noise power Assume al=0,7 and a: off noise power. [Link] find o.p round Draw the round of Noise Model. By using residue method find 601 By using residue method find 6 02 =o 2+6 022 [Link] X(K) = {11 IIIs, 1.1,} find x(n) using inverse DIT FFT algorithm. Find x(a) [Link] the inverse DFT of X(k) = ([Link]) ‘Ans: The inverse DFT is defined as, Nd (0) (UN) F x8 01.23... io 22. Explain various addressing modes of TMS processor. Immediate, Register Register indirect, Indexed & its detail explanation PART -A QUESTION 4. Define discrete time signal. X diserete lime signal © (1) isa function of an independent variable that's an integer. Gisorote lime signal is not defined at instant betweon two successive samples. 2. Define discrete time system. Rdiserete ot an algorithm that perfarms some prescribed operation on @ discrete time Signal is called eiscrete time system, time signals? 0 Otherwiee * Unit ramp signal inforns=0 0 Otherwise + Exponential signal x (a}van where a's real (n)-Real signal 4. State the classification of discrate time signals. The types of scrote time signals a + Energy and power signals + Poriodic and periodic signals { Symmetriofaven) and Antisymmetric (odd) signals 5. Betine energy and power signal 5, Betine enoray dnd power signal ESE |x (m) [2 IPE Is finite Le. Osystem. Uinear system is one which satisfies superposition principle Superposition principle ‘The response of a sysiem 10 a weighted sum of signals be equal to the corresponaing weighted sum of responses of system to each of individual input signal He., T (atx4 (n}+a2x2{n)}=a4TIxi(n)}+a2 THx2(0}}

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