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Clapeyron Equation and Phase Diagrams

The document discusses several chemical reactions and thermodynamic concepts. It provides the Clapeyron equation which allows calculating the slope of coexistence curves in a pressure-temperature phase diagram. It also discusses colligative properties, specifically how adding a solute lowers the chemical potential of the solvent and requires a change in temperature or pressure to reestablish equilibrium between phases. Additionally, it mentions that NaCl in solution forms ions, increasing the concentration above the freezing point of pure water.

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Sam Clarot
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9 views2 pages

Clapeyron Equation and Phase Diagrams

The document discusses several chemical reactions and thermodynamic concepts. It provides the Clapeyron equation which allows calculating the slope of coexistence curves in a pressure-temperature phase diagram. It also discusses colligative properties, specifically how adding a solute lowers the chemical potential of the solvent and requires a change in temperature or pressure to reestablish equilibrium between phases. Additionally, it mentions that NaCl in solution forms ions, increasing the concentration above the freezing point of pure water.

Uploaded by

Sam Clarot
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Classius-Calpryon: The importance of the Clapeyron equation is that it allows one to calculate the slope of the coexistence curves

in a PT phase diagram Pa=XaP*a Ya=Pa/Pt a1=P1/P1* Coeffienciny=a1/X1 Phase: vapor:2, liuid:2, mix:1 Solid:solid:0, mix:1, solution; 2 Rxn1: H2 (10bar)2H+ + 2e2H+2e- +H2(1 bar) Rxn2:

2e

+ H2 (g, 1 bar) + 2AgCl(s) 2H+ [1M] +2Cl- [1M] +2Ag(s) + 2e

(.2223 V)

Rxn3: O2(g) + 2H+(aq) +2CytC(Fe2+ ) 2CytC(Fe3+ ) + H2O ()


2e + 2CytC(Fe3+ ) 2CytC(Fe2+ ) (.25)

2e + O2(g) + 2H+(aq) H2O () (.816) Positive deviation: cohesive forces dominate

in pot after azeotrope boils off) either positive or negative (XA)initial > (XA)azeotrope pure A (XA)initial < (XA)azeotrope pure B
Colligative: The pure solvent (component B) is originally in equilibrium in the two phases.
II. Addition of solute (component A) lowers the chemical potential of the solvent in the solution phase III. Temperature (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation) or pressure (osmotic pressure) must be altered to reestablish equilibrium between the solution and the pure solvent phase. IV. Obtain relationships between XA or XB and change in T or P.

Alpha: NaCl in solution forms ions so the concentration of ions is greater than .0020409 and thus lower freezing point; Na+, Cl- are not ideal solucition coefficient doesnt equal 1

Partial molar free energy takes into account the pressure of other substances in the mixture on free energy of the component or ui<Gbari Crossword:

If a reaction is endothermic ^H is: positive Contant boiling liquid soltuon: azeotrope A=U-TS For Isothermal reaction involving only ideal gasses, ^H=^U+:^nrT In an adiabatic compression an ideal gas will become: hot One mole of ideal gas is heated from 100K to 738.9K at Cv: ^s?: Three R If dA is an exact differential then A is a () function: state One name associated with the theory for calculations of activity coeffients of electrolytes: Debye Work of expansion done on surroundings: P^V Change in order-disorder: ^S dG is indepent of: path famous French cyclist and efficiency expert: carnot contstant metling solid mixture: Eutectic q at constant pressure: ^H for any gas lim(PV/n): RT qsys for contant T: T^S

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