Cable Stayed Structures:
References: Fuller Moore: Understanding Structures James B. Harris, Kevin Pui-K Li: Masted Structures in Architecture Wolfgang Schueller, The Design of Building Structures
Definition:
Cable-stayed building structures support horizontal spans by means of diagonal cables suspended from a higher point. Moore, 1999.
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Cable Stayed Bridges
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Horizontal & Vertical Reactions
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Load Paths
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Reactions
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Some 19th Century Examples
Friedrich Schnirch; Suspended Theater Roof; 1824
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Some 19th Century Examples
J.A. Hittorf; Panorama; 1839
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Some 19th Century Examples
C.R. MacIntosh; Greenhouse; 1853
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Some 19th Century Examples
Mller & Giese; Auditorium; 1865
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Some 20th Century Examples
R. Buckminster Fuller; Dymaxion House; 1927-29
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Some 20th Century Examples
[Link] & Associates; Pavilion; Chicago; 1933
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Some 20th Century Examples
Buckhard; Gymnasium; Ellensburg; 1958
Corlett & Spackman; Stadium; Squaw Valley; 1960
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Some 20th Century Examples
London County Council Architects; Crystal Palace Sports Center; 1964
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Some 20th Century Examples
[Link]; Exhibition Railway Station; 1964
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Some 20th Century Examples
[Link]; Woking Pool; 1989
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Some 20th Century Examples
[Link] & Partners; Darling Harbor Exhibition Centre; 1986
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Some 20th Century Examples
[Link] & Partners; Darling Harbor Exhibition Centre; 1986
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A Taxonomy of Masted Structures
The number, position and relationships of the
basic elements in relation to the pattern of spaces they define. Harris; 1996.
Masts, cables & roof beams Cellular spatial unit Geometric operation
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A Taxonomy of Masted Structures
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Structural Behaviour
Vertical Loads
Uniformly Distributed: applied to the roof beam,
supported by stays Concentrated: ponding rain or drifting snow; problematic w/ multispan structures Wind Uplift: limit bending in the mast; aerodynamic eaves; secondary tensile system
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Structural Behaviour
Stiffness & Deflection
Not necessarily more or less flexible than conventional
structures Longer spans however mean greater allowable deflection Details at junctures w/ other building elements become critical
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Structural Behaviour
Temperature Effects
External Structure: interface between external elements
& enclosure needs to allow for movement Internal/ External Structure: need to allow for differential expansion Lightweight of roofing system requires high performance membranes.
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Construction Issues
Cables, Rods or Tubes
Cables have a low modulus of elasticity, so stretch can
be 4x rods or tubes Cables are more difficult to protect Cable end connections are readily avaiable, but clumsy in appearance, while rod end connections must be custom fabricated through study of design and usage
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Benefits and Penalties
Can Meet a Wide Range of Functional Demands Can Provide Column Free Space Increasing
Internal Flexibility Can Be Easily Extended Can Lead to Reduced Structural Weight Can Lead to Higher Design Costs Increased Thermal Movement Erection Requires Special Consideration Increased Costs for Corrosion Protection
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Case Studies: Foster & Rogers
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