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7. LIGHT
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 MARK 1. Define Wave front? Ans: The imaginary three dimensional surface formed by the envelope of all those particles of medium which are vibrating in the same phase is called a wave front. 2. What is interference? Ans: The physical effect of superposition of waves from two sources vibrating with same frequency and amplitude is called interference of waves. 3. What is diffraction? Ans: The bending of light waves around an obstacle whose dimensions are comparable to the wave length of the incident light and hence its spreading into geometrical shadow is called diffraction. 4. Define solid angle? Ans: When normal lines are drawn from the boundary of a portion on the surface of a sphere such that the lines meet at its centre and form a cone, then the angle enclosed by the conical surface is defined as SOLID ANGLE and it is equal to the ratio of the area of the base of conical surface. 5. Expand LASER? Ans: LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. 2 MARKS 1. What are the different theories which explain the nature of light? Ans: Different theories which explain the nature of light are 1. Newtons corpuscular theory 2. Huygens wave theory 3. Maxwells Electromagnetic theory 4. Max Plancks Quantum theory of radiation. 2. What are the basic processes involved in the working of LASER?(March-01) Ans: The basic processes involved in the working of LASER are 1. Absorption 2. Spontaneous emission 3. Population inversion & pumping 4. Stimulated emission of radiation 3. Write the applications of LASER in medicine? ( Jun-03,06) Ans: Applications of LASER in medicine: 1. Lasers are used in bloodless surgery 2. The liver and lung diseases could be treated by lasers. 3. Lasers are used in fibre optic endoscopy to detect ulcers in the intestines. 4. Lasers are used extensively in the treatment of eye-diseases, particularly to reattach a detached retina. 4. What are the applications of Lasers in Industry and defence and space technology? ( Jun-09) Ans: Lasers in Industry: 1. Lasers are used now for cutting, drilling and welding of metals and other materials.
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2. Laser light is used to collect the information about the prefixed prices of various products in shops and business establishments from the bar-code printed on the product. Lasers in Defence and Space sciences 1. Lasers are used in various guided missiles and also for detection of enemy targets. 2. Lasers are also used in space communications in radars and in satellites. 4 MARKS Give a comparison between Newtons corpuscular theory and Huygens wave theory? ( Jun-08, Apr-08, Mar-11,10,05,03, Oct-99) Ans: Newtons corpuscular theory Wave theory of light 1 It assumes that light consists of a stream 1 It assumes that light travels in the form of extremely small particles called of a wave. corpuscles. 2 The rectilinear propagation of light is 2 The rectilinear propagation of light is explained by the straight line motion of explained by the advancement of wave corpuscles. front along the direction of normals drawn to it. 3 The colours of light are due to 3 The colours of light are due to difference in the sizes of corpuscles. differences in the wavelengths. 4 The reflection and refraction of light are 4 The reflection and refraction are explained by the repulsion and attraction explained by the construction of of the corpuscles by the medium. secondary wavefronts applhing Huygens principle. 5 It cannot explain the phenomenon of 5 It can explain the phenomenon of interference, diffraction and polarization interference, diffraction and polarization of light. of light. 6 It predicts that the velocity of light in a 6 It correctly proves that the velocity of denser medium is greater than that in light in a denser medium is less than that rarer medium. in a rarer medium. 2. What are the important applications in Science and technology? (Mar-06,04, Jun-04,02) Ans: Lasers in Science and Technology: 1. Lasers helped in studying the Brownian motion of particles. 2. He-Ne laser helped in determining the rate of rotation of the earth accurately. 3. Lasers are employed in a special three dimensional photography called Holography. 4. In astronomy, lasers helped in extending the distance of observation of stellar objects and study their nature. 5. In computers Lasers are used to retrieve stored information from a compact disc. 6. It is the development of Lasers which helped in establishing a new revolutionary method of communications called fibre optic communications. 7. A new branch called Atmospheric Optics uses lasers to measure pollutant gases and other contaminants of the atmosphere. 8. The counting of atoms in a substance became possible because of Lasers. 1.
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BITS 1. According to Huygen, waves transmit in a medium called ------------2. Wave theory of light was proposed by ------------(Jun-03) 3. The imaginary three dimensional surface formed by the envelope of all those particles of medium which are vibrating in the same phase is called -----------------------4. Corpuscules are ----------------- by the reflecting surface. 5. Corpuscules are ----------------- by refracting surface. ( March-11) 6. According to Huygen, the colours of light are due to difference in ------------7. In a ripple tank, bright bands are due to -------------- and dark bands are due to ------8. When two or more wave motions combine in space at a time, ----------------- occurs. 9. When crest falls on the crest or trough falls on the trough, the interference is called --10. The phase difference when constructive superposition obtained between two waves is ---------------------------(June-08) 11. When crest falls on a trough or trough falls on a crest, the interference is called ----12. The phase difference when destructive superposition obtained between two waves is -------------------13. The bending of wave front from the original direction of propagation when it meets a small obstacle is called -------------14. Solid angle is measured in -------------( JUN-10,05, Mar-08,04) 15. Lumen is the unit of ---------------(Mar-07) 16. Candela is the unit of -----------------------------(Mar-06,Jun-01,09) 17. Expanded form of LASER ----------------------------(Apr-08,Jun-09,05) 18. The process of achieving population inversion is ----------- (Jun-07,06, Mar-09,02) 19. The wave length of Ruby laser is --------------(Jun-04) 20. The wavelength of He-Ne laser is ------------------21. Lasers are used in a special three dimensional photography called ---22. Lasers are used in treatment of diseases of ----------------- (Mar-05,Oct-99) MATCHING GROUP A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Corpuscules Light waves Electro magnetic theory Ripple tank Constructive superposition Desructive superposition ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) ) A) B) C) D) E) F) G) ) ) ) ) ) GROUP B Maxwell Corpuscular theory of light Source at par Demonstration of waves Huygen wave theory of light (2n+1) 2n A) B) C) D) E) Candle Lumen Steredian 4 Candela or Lm/Sr
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Luminous flux Solid angle Luminous intensity Candle power Solid angle for a complete sphere
( ( ( ( (
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Answers for bits 1) Ether 2) Huygen 3) Wave front 4) repelled 5) Attracted 6) Wave length 7) Crest, Trough 8) Interference 9) Constructive 10) 2n 11) Destructive 12) (2n+1) 13) Diffrtaction 14) Steradian 15) Luminous flux 16) Intensity of light 17) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation 18) Pumping 19) 6943A0 20) 6328A0 21)Holography 22) Lung and Heart MATCHING 1) B 1) B 2) 2) E C 3) 3) A A 4) 4) D A 5) 5) G D 6) F
Prepared by A. Naga Raja Sekhar S.A.(P.S.) Z.P.S.S. Chathakonda Kothagudem (M) Khammam(dt) 9849229350
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