Storage interview questions & answers for Series 1

We had 10 SAN interview questions in our earlier blogpost - Answers are given below 1) What is the difference b/w SAN and NAS ? The basic difference between SAN and NAS , SAN is Fabric based and NAS is Ethernet based. SAN - Storage Area Network NAS - Network attached Storage 2)What is a typical storage area network consists of - if we consider it for implementation in a small business setup ? If we consider any small business following are essentials components of SAN - Fabric Switch - FC Controllers - JBOD's 3) Can you briefly explain each of these Storage area components? Fabric Switch: It's a device which interconnects multiple network devices .There are switches starting from 16 port to 32 ports which connect 16 or 32 machine nodes etc. Vendors who manufacture these kinds of switches are Brocade, McData. FC Controllers: These are Data transfer Medias they will sit on PCI slots of Server, you can configure Arrays and volumes on it. JBOD: Just Bunch of Disks is Storage Box, it consists of Enclosure where set of hard drives are hosted in many combinations such SCSI drives, SAS ,FC, SATA. 4) What is the most critical component in SAN ? Each component has its own criticality with respect to business needs of a company. 5) Define RAID ? Which one you feel is good choice ? RAID (Redundant array of Independent Disks) is a technology to achieve redundancy with faster I/O. There are Many Levels of RAID to meet different needs of the customer which are : R0,R1,R5,R10,R5. Generally customers choose R5 to achieve better redundancy and speed and it is cost effective. 6)How is a SAN managed ? There are many management software used for managing SAN's to name a few - Santricity - IBM Tivoli Storage Manager. - CA Unicenter. - Veritas Volume manger.

7) Which one is the Default ID for SCSI HBA ? Generally the default ID for SCSI HBA is 7. SCSI- Small Computer System Interface HBA - Host Bus Adaptor 8) How do you install device drivers for the HBA first time during OS installation ? In some scenarios you are supposed to install Operating System on the drives connected thru SCSI HBA or SCSI RAID Controllers, but most of the OS will not be updated with drivers for those controllers, that time you need to supply drivers externally, if you are installing windows ,you need to press F6 during the installation of OS and provide the driver disk or CD which came along with HBA. If you are installing Linux you need to type "linux dd" for installing any driver. 9) What is Array ? Array is a group of Independent physical disks to configure any Volumes or RAID volumes. 10) Can u describe atleast 3 troubleshooting scenarios which you have come across in detail ? SCENARIO 1:How do you find/debug when there is error while working SCSI devices? In our daily SAN troubleshooting there are many management and configuration tools we use them to see when there is a failure with target device or initiator device. Some time it is even hard to trouble shoot some of the things such as media errors in the drives, or some of the drives taking long time to spin up. In such cases these utilities will not come to help. To debug this kind of information most of the controller will be implemented with 3-pin serial debug port. With serial port debug connector cable you can collect the debug information with hyper terminal software.

SCENARIO 2: I am having an issue with a controller its taking lot of time to boot and detect all the drives connected how can I solve this.? There are many possibilities that might cause this problem. One of the reason might be you are using bad drives that cannot be repaired . In those cases you replace the disks with working ones. Another reason might be slots you connected your controller to a slot which might not be supported. Try to connect with other types of slots. One more probable reason is if you have flashed the firmware for different OEMs on the same hardware. To get rid of this the flash utilities will be having option to erase all the previous and EEPROM and boot block entry option. Use that option to rectify the problem. SCENARIO 3: I am using tape drive series 700X , even the vendor information on the Tape drive says 700X, but the POST information while booting the server is showing as 500X

what could be the problem? First you should make sure your hardware is of which series , you can find out this in the product website. Generally you can see this because in most of the testing companies they use same hardware to test different series of same hardware type. What they do is they flash the different series firmware. You can always flash back to exact hardware type. VIDEO SECTION : Thanks to Sun Microsystems - SunFire X4600 4-16 Way AMD Server Demo

This blog is updated daily so find more tutorials on Storage Area Networking or SAN Storage Resume or System Administration Resume [Link] is SAN ? [Link] are the JOB opportunities in SAN ? [Link] are the companies in SAN and How much they pay ? [Link] Can I Enter SAN industry ? [Link] are the tasks of a SAN professional- How will be a day in his office life? [Link] will be a SAN job interview ? [Link] or Storage engineer position - Interview questions : Series1 [Link] SAN Interview questions with answers: Series2 [Link] for SAN interview questions Series1. [Link] me about some Job Openings in SAN or Storage industry? [Link] You Want to see an Enterprise SAN infrastructure - Thanks to Dell - Watch this informative Video - See a High End Lab
Posted by Roger at 1:09 AM Labels: interview questions answers, job tips, storage interview questions

2 comments:

venkata said... hi Roger,now i am going to learn san [Link] it will be in the feture.i mean, is it healp to me in the future? also and is there growthing for this course? thanks. 10/08/2009 11:26 PM

Kairam said... Hi roger, This is Ravi. I have little bit knowledge in SAN. But would like to get more exposure and also work in storage environment. I have bit of more exposure in [Link] you please provide the interview questions and also share some CBT if you have.

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Question Interview questions on Fiber Channel & Storage Technology

.WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF FIBRE CHANNEL SANS? Fibre Channel SANs are the de facto standard for storage networking in the corporate data center because they provide exceptional reliability, scalability, consolidation, and performance. Fibre Channel SANs provide significant advantages over direct-attached storage through improved storage utilization, higher data availability, reduced management costs, and highly scalable capacity and performance.

[Link] ENVIRONMENT IS MOST SUITABLE FOR FIBRE CHANNEL SANS? Typically, Fibre Channel SANs are most suitable for large data centers running business-critical data, as well as applications that require highbandwidth performance such as medical imaging, streaming media, and large databases. Fibre Channel SAN solutions can easily scale to meet the most demanding performance and availability requirements. [Link] CUSTOMER PROBLEMS DO FIBRE CHANNEL SANS SOLVE? The increased performance of Fibre Channel enables a highly effective backup and recovery approach, including LAN-free and server-free backup models. The result is a faster, more scalable, and more reliable backup and recovery solution. By providing flexible connectivity options and resource sharing, Fibre Channel SANs also greatly reduce the number of physical devices and disparate systems that must be purchased and managed, which can dramatically lower capital expenditures. Heterogeneous SAN management provides a single point of control for all devices on the SAN, lowering costs and freeing personnel to do other tasks. [Link] LONG HAS FIBRE CHANNEL BEEN AROUND? Development started in 1988, ANSI standard approval occurred in 1994, and large deployments began in 1998. Fibre Channel is a mature, safe, and widely deployed solution for high-speed (1Gb, 2Gb, 4Gb) communications and is the foundation for the majority of SAN installations throughout the world.

[Link] IS THE FUTURE OF FIBRE CHANNEL SANS? Fibre Channel is a well-established, widely deployed technology with a proven track record and a very large installed base, particularly in high performance, business-critical data centre environments. Fibre Channel SANs continue to grow and will be enhanced for a long time to [Link] reduced costs of Fibre Channel components, the availability of SAN kits, and the next generation of Fibre Channel (4Gb) are helping to fuel that growth. In addition, the Fibre Channel roadmap includes plans to double performance every three years [Link] ARE THE BENEFITS OF 4GB FIBRE CHANNEL? Benefits include twice the performance with little or no price increase, investment protection with backward compatibility to 2Gb, higher reliability due to fewer SAN components (switch and HBA ports) required, and the ability to replicate, back up, and restore data more quickly. 4Gb Fibre Channel systems are ideally suited for applications that need to quickly transfer large amounts of data such as remote replication across a SAN, streaming video on demand, modeling and rendering, and large databases. 4Gb technology is shipping today. [Link] IS FIBRE CHANNEL DIFFERENT FROM ISCSI? Fibre Channel and iSCSI each have a distinct place in the IT infrastructure as SAN alternatives to DAS. Fibre Channel generally provides high performance and high availability for business-critical applications, usually in the corporate data center. In contrast, iSCSI is generally used to provide SANs for business applications in smaller regional or departmental data centers. [Link] SHOULD I DEPLOY FIBRE CHANNEL INSTEAD OF ISCSI? For environments consisting of high-end servers that require high bandwidth or data center environments with business-critical data, Fibre Channel is a better fit than iSCSI. For environments consisting of many midrange or low-end servers, an IP SAN solution often delivers the most appropriate price/performance.