CIVIL LAW REVIEW Article 1-16, N.C.C. Report of the Code Commission, pp.

. 26-47 Doctrines laid down in the following cases: ART. 2 Umali v. Estanislao, 200 SCRA 446, 450-1 PVB v. Vega, 360 SCRA 33, 40

ART. 6 People v. Donato, 198 SCRA 130, 151-6 ART. 8 People v. Licera, 65 SCRA 270 People v. Pinuila, 103 Phil. 992 Co v. CA, 227 SCRA 444, 449 ART. 13

NAMARCO v. Tecson, 139 Phil. 584 Quizon v. Baltazar, L-23779-80, April 29, 1977

ART. 16-17 Edward Christensen, 7 SCRA 95 Amos Bellis, 20 SCRA 358 Other Conflict of Law Rules o Art. 829 (revocation of wills) o Art. 1039 (capacity to succeed) o Art. 1753 (carriers), N.C.C. o Family Code (Art. 26, 80) ART. 21 ART. 26 Globe McKay v. CA, 176 SCRA 778, 783-91 Velayo v. Shell, 54 O.G. No. 1, p. 63 PNB v. CA, L-27155, May 18, 1978 Balane v. Yu Chiang, et al., 54 O.G. No. 3, p. 687

ART. 29

Lagunzad v. Gonzales, L-32066, August 6, 1979 Ayer v. Capulong, et al., G.R. No. 82380, April 29, 1988

Mendoza v. Alcala, L-14305, August 29, 1961 Mendoza v. Arrieta, L-32599, June 29, 1979 Republic v. Bello, L-34906, January 27, 1983 Padilla v. CA, L-39999, May 31, 1984 Reyes v. Sempio-Diy, 141 SCRA 208 Maximo v. Gerochi, 144 SCRA 126 Sapiera v. CA, 314 SCRA 370

ART. 32-4 Rule 111, Secs. 1-3, Rules of Court (1997)

Casupanan v. Laroya, 388 SCRA 28, 37, 39, 41 Maniago v. CA, 253 SCRA 674 Reyes v. Trucking Corp v. People, 329 SCRA 625

ART. 36 Rule 111, Secs. 6-7, Rules of Court (1997)

Merced v. Diez, L-15315, August 26, 1960 Landicho v. Relova, L-22579, February 23, 1968, 22 SCRA 731 Beltran v. People, 334 SCRA 106 Marbella v. Bobis, 336 SCRA 747

ART. 43 Compare with Rule 131, Sec. 3 (jj), Rules of Court LAW ON PERSONS I. Civil Personality A. B. Elements Art. 37-8, N.C.C. Restriction on Capacity to Act 1. Minority Republic Act No. 6809 a. Civil Acts Art. 797, 1489, par. 2, N.C.C.; Art. 14, Family Code b. Delicts Art. 107, par. 3, Revised Penal Code c. Quasi-Delicts Art. 2182 2. Insane and Imbeciles a. Civil Acts Art. 1328, 1399, N.C.C. b. Delicts Art. 101, par. 3, Revised Penal Code c. Quasi-Delicts Art. 2192, N.C.C 3. Deaf-mutes Art. 1327, 820 4. Prodigals Rule 92, Sec. 2, Rules of Court 5. Civil Interdiction Art. 34, Revised Penal Code Art. 135 (1), 142 (3), Family Code 6. Insolvency Insolvency Law, Sec. 70 (Act 1956) Art. 180, 1919, 2238, C.C. 7. Alienage Constitution, Art. XII, Secs. 2, 7, 8, 11 Art. XVI, Sec. 11; Art. XIV Sec. 4

II. Kinds of Persons A. Natural Persons 1. Commencement of Personality, Art. 37, 42, 742, 1035 (2), C.C. Geluz v. CA, 2 SCRA 201 2. Extinguishment a. Contracts Art. 42, 777, 776, 1919 (3), 1830 (5), 603, 1311, C.C. b. Criminal Liability Art. 89 (1), Revised Penal Code Sec. 4, Rule 111, Rules of Court Rufo Mauricio Const. v. IAC, 155 SCRA 712 People v. Bayotas, 236 SCRA 249-51 Mansion Biscuit v. CA, November 23, 1995 Juridical Persons Art. 44-46, C.C. Art. XII, Sec. 3, 7, Constitution

B.

III. Marriage A. B. Definition Art. 1, Family Code Requisites Art. 4 1. Essential Art. 2 a. Legal Capacity Art. 5, 37-8, F.C. b. Consent of Contracting Parties Arts. 14, 15, 16 Cigenarian v. Guerra, 5 Court of Appeals, Rep. 836, 841 (Ruling) 2. Formal Art. 3 a. Authority of Solemnizing Officer Art. 7

b.

People v. Whipkey, 69 O.G., p. 9685 (Ruling) Marriage License Arts. 9-12, 27-34, F.C.
People v. David, 13 C.A. Rep. 495 (Ruling) Marriage of Exceptional Character Arts. 27-54, F.C. Loria v. Felix, 104 Phil. 1

C.

Marriage Ceremony Arts. 6, 8, 22, F.C. San Gabriel v. San Gabriel, 56 O.G. 3555 Void Marriages Arts. 35-42, 44, F.C. Santos v. CA, 240 SCRA 13 Republic v. Molina, 268 SCRA 198

c.

Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA, 266 SCRA 324 Domingo v. CA, 226 SCRA 572 Cario v. Cario, 351 SCRA 127 Tenebro v. CA, 423 SCRA 272

Abunado v. People, G.R. No. 159218, March 30, 2004 History of the Provision Gomez v. Lipana, 33 SCRA 615 Vda. De Consuegra v. GSIS, 37 SCRA 315 People v. Mendoza, 95 Phil. 845 People v. Aragon, 100 Phil. 1033
D. Ty v. CA, 346 SCRA 86 Mercado v. Tan, 337 SCRA 122 Voidable Marriages 1. Grounds for Annulment Art. 45-6, F.C.

2.

Jimenez v. Canizares, L-12790, August 31, 1960 Paulino v. Cruz, 4 C.A. Rep. 1207 Action for Annulment Art. 45-8, F.C.

E.

F. G.
A. B.

Jocson v. Robles, L-23433, Feb. 10, 1968 Villaroman v. Esteban, 73 O.G. 1173-44 3. Effects of Annulment Art 50-3 Conflict of Law Rule Art. 26, F.C. Historical Background Van Dorn v. Remillo, 139 SCRA 138 Muslim Code P.D. 1083, Art. 13 (1), (2); Art. 29 (1) Penal Sanctions Act 3313, Secs. 30-42

Tolentino v. Villanueva, L-23264, March 15, 1974

IV. Legal Separation Tenchavez v. Escao, L-19671, November 29, 1965 Grounds Art. 55-6, F.C. Limitation of Action Art. 57, F.C. Brown v. Yambao, 54 O.G. 1827 Matubis v. Praxedes, l-11766, October 25, 1960

C.

De Ocampo v. Florenciano, L-13553, February 23, 1960 Hearing Art. 58-60

Lerma v. CA, L-33352, December 20, 1974 Effect of Death of a Spouse 3

D.

Lapuz v. Eufemio, L-30977, January 31, 1972 Macadangdang v. CA, L-38287, October 23, 1981 Decree of Legal Separation 1. Effects Art. 63-4 2. Reconciliation Art. 65-7

V. Rights and Obligations between Spouses A. B. In General Art. 68-73 Obligation to Live Together Arroyo v. Arroyo, 42 Phil. 54

Perez v. de Perez, L-14874, September 30, 1960

VI. Property Relations between Spouses A. B. C. D. E. F. In General Art. 74-81 Capacity to Execute Marriage Settlement Art. 78-9 Formality Art. 76-7 Conflict of Law Art. 80 Effect of Marriage not taking place Art. 81 Donations by Reason of Marriage 1. Nature Art. 82 Serrano v. Solomon, L-12093, June 29, 1959 2. Form Art. 83-4, F.C.; Art. 748, N.C.C. 3. Distinguished from Donations Inter-Vivos a. Consideration and Donee Art. 87, 82 Nazareno v. , 45 O.G. No. 5 Suppl. P. 261 Matabuena v. Cervantes, L-28771, March 31, 1971 b. Revocation Art. 765, 760, C.C.; Art. 86, 43 (3), 50, F.C. c.

Solis v. Barroso, 53 Phil. 912, 915 Extent of Property Donated Art. 752, 750, 751, 1070, C.C. Art. 84, F.C.

Mateo v. Lagua, et al., L-26270, October 30, 1969 G. Absolute Community Art. 88-104 H. Conjugal Partnership of Gains Art. 105-133 1. Exclusive Properties of Each Spouse Art. 109-115 Plata v. Yatco, L- 20825, December 28, 1964 a. Property acquired by right of redemption or exchange with exclusive property of spouse Rosete v. Provincial Sheriff, 95 Phil. 560 2. Conjugal Property Art. 116-7 Castillo v. Pasco, L-16857, May 29, 1964
Zulueta v. PANAM, L-28589, January 8, 1973 a. Bought on Installments Art. 118

Jovellanos v. CA, 210 SCRA 126 Historical Background: Plata v. Yatco, supra.

Alvarez v. Espiritu, L-18833, August 14, 1965 b. Improvements at the expense of conjugal funds or through the industry of a spouse Art. 120 Historical Background: Vitug v. Montemayor, L-5297, October 20, 1953 Maramba v. Lozano, L-21533, June 29, 1967
Caltex v. Felias, 108 Phil. 452 Dominador v. Derayunan, 49 Phil. 452

Canullas v. Fortun, L-57499, June 22, 1984 3. Obligations and Charges of Conjugal Partnership Art. 121-123

a. Contractual obligations assumed by either spouse Art. 122 Cuatico v. Morales, 61 O.G. 869

Luzon Surety Co. Inc. v. Aguirre de Garcia, L-25659, October 31, 1969 Ayala Investment v. CA, 286 SCRA 272

Cobb-Perez v. Lantin, L-22320, May 22, 1968 b. Charges upon conjugal partnership Art. 122-3 Alvarez v. Lim, 61 O.G. 1529 People v. Lagrimas, L-25355, August 27, 1969 4. Administration of Conjugal Partnership Art. 124-5 5. Dissolution Art. 126-8 6. Liquidation Art. 129-133 I. Separation of Property 1. During Marriage Art. 134-142 2. Regime of Separation of Property Art. 143-6
VII. Union Without Marriage Art. 147-8 Historical Background: Yaptinchay v. Torres, 28 SCRA 489 (Ruling)

Juaniza v. Jose, L-50127-28, March 30, 1979 Maxey v. CA, L-45870, May 11, 1984 Cario v. Cario, February 2, 2001

VIII. The Family A. As an Institution Art. 149-151 B. Family Home Art. 149-151

Modequillo v. Breva, 185 SCRA 766

IX. Paternity and Filiation Art. 163-182 Tayag v. CA, 209 SCRA 588, 673-6

Benitez v. CA, 229 SCRA 468 Rodriguez v. CA, 245 SCRA 150 Jison v. CA, 286 SCRA 495 De Jesus v. Estate of Juan Dizon, 366 SCRA 499, 531 Labagala v. Santiago, 371 SCRA 360, 366-371

X. Adoption Art. 183-193; R.A. No. 8552; R.A. No. 8043 Republic v. CA, 227 SCRA 401 XI. Support Art. 194-208 XII. Parental Authority Art. 209-233 XIII. Age of Majority R.A. No. 6809 XIV. Summary Proceedings Art. 238-253 XV. Final Provisions Art. 254-7 XVI. Care and Education of Children Art. 363 Flores v. Esteban, 51 O.G. No. 9, p. 4525

Luna v. IAC, 137 SCRA 7 Santos v. CA, 242 SCRA 407

XVII. Funerals Art. 305-310 R.A. No. 7170 (88 O.G. No. 8) (Transplantable Organs) XVIII. Use of Surnames Art. 364-380, C.C. Republic v. CA, 209 SCRA 189

Moore v. Republic, 62 O.G. No. 34, p. 6100 Llaneta v. Agrava, L-32054, May 13, 1974 Silva v. Peralta, L-13114, May 25, 1960 Calderon v. Republic, L-18127, April 5, 1967, 19 SCRA 721 Naldoza v. Republic, L-55538, March 15, 1982

XIX. Absence Art. 301-386, 43, C.C.; Rule 107 Lukban v. Republic, 52 O.G. No. 3, p. 1441

Aboitiz v. Pepito, L-21335, December 17, 1966 Eastern Shipping v. Lucero, L-60101, August 31, 1983 Reyes v. Alejandro, 141 SCRA 65

XX. Civil Register Art. 407-413, C.C.; Rule 108; R.A. No. 9048; P.D. No. 603, Sec. 7

Republic v. Macli-ing, 135 SCRA 367 Republic v. Valencia, 141 SCRA 462 Wing v. Abubakar, L-25168, January 31, 1981 (Ruling) Leonor v. CA, 256 SCRA 69 Lee v. CA, 367 SCRA 110 Solinap v. Locsin, Jr., 371 SCRA 711, 724-5 PROPERTY

I. Classification of Property Art. 415 A. Immovable Property Navarro v. Pineda, 9 SCRA 631 Bicerra v. Toneza, 6 SCRA 649 Davao Sawmill v. Castillo, 61 Phil. 709 Ago v. CA, 6 SCRA 530 Mindanao Bus v. City Ass., 6 SCRA 197 Movable Property Art. 416-8 Presbitero v. Fernandez, 7 SCRA 625

B.

Board of Ass. V. Meralco, 10 SCRA 68, 73-4

II. Right of Accession A. Real Property 1. Natural Increment Art. 441-4 2. Building, Planting, Sowing Filipinas College, Inc. v. Timbang, L-12812, September 29, 1959 Calapan Lumber v. Com. Sawmill, 11 SCRA 346

Ignacio v. Hilario, 43 O.G. No. 1, p. 140 Grana v. CA, 60 O.G. No. 13, p. 1851 Tayag v. Yuseco, L-14043, April 16, 1959 Felices v. Iriola, 55 O.G. No. 17, p. 3123 Ignao v. CA, 193 SCRA 17, 23 Pecson v. CA, 244 SCRA 407, 414-7 Republic v. CA, 131 SCRA 532

Alluvio

3.

Ignacio v. Dir., L-12958, May 30, 1960 Cia. Gen. de tabacos, v. Vide, 56 O.G. No. 7, p. 1418 Yorobe v. Soreta, 63 O.G. No. 4, p. 1133 4. Avulsion Art. 459-460 Republic v. CA, 132 SCRA 514 5. Abandoned River Beds Art. 161-2; P.D. No. 1067, Art. 58

Hilario v. Manila, April 27, 1967 Presentacion v. Eugenio, 51 O.G. No. 4, p. 1889 6. Islands in Riverbeds Art. 463-5 Jagualing v. CA, 194 SCRA 607

III. Action to Quiet Title Art. 476-481; Rule 64, Rules of Court Bucton v. Gabar, L-36359, January 31, 1974

Garcia v. Gozon, 95 SCRA 380 Jalandoni v. PNB, L-47579, October 9, 1981 Layno v. CA, L-52064, December 29, 1984

IV. Co-ownership Art. 492-494 Singson v. Veloso, 52 O.G. No. 2, p. 870 V. Waters Philippine Water Code, P.D. No. 1067, Art. 6, 14 (Can no longer be acquired by prescription. All waters are of public ownership, even those located in private lands. Permit must be obtained for water use, except for domestic purpose. Only water collected in tanks and pools exclusively belong to the owner of the land in which water is located.) VI. Possession A. Right to Fruits Art. 544-5, 549, 1123, 449 Ward v. Delfin, 45 O.G. No. 7, p. 2941 Marfori v. Velasco, 52 O.G. No. 4, pp. 2050-5 B. Right to Expenses and Improvements; Risk of Deterioration Art. 546-8, 552, 450, 2121

Ortiz v. Kayanan, L-32974, July 30, 1979 Case v. Cruz, 50 O.G., no. 2, p. 618 Calang v. Santos, 54 O.G. no. 5, p. 1446, 1452-4 Baquiran v. Baquiran, 53 O.G. No. 4, p. 1130 Marcelino v. Miguel , 53 O.G. No. 17, p. 5647 Carbonell v. CA, 69 SCRA 99

Compare with: Floreza v. Evangelista, G.R. No. L-25462, February 21, 1980 Usufruct Art. 592-7; 579-580 Lease Art. 1673 Commodatum Art. 1941, 1949 Mortagage Gardner v. CA, G.R. No. L-31340, November 29, 1977 Vendee a retro Art. 1616-203 Calagan v. CFI, G.R. No. L-30402, January 28, 1980 Lost Movable Art. 558, 1505, 719 Sun Bros. v. Velasco, 54 O.G. No. 18, p. 5143 Garcia v. CA, G.R. No. L-20264, January 30, 1971 Distinguished from voidable title Art. 1506 Tagatac v. Jimenez, 53 O.G. No. 12, p. 3792 Action to recover Art. 1140-1

C.

VII. Usufruct Grey v. Carandang, 57 O.G. No. 36, p. 6418 Gaboya v. Cui, L-19614, March 27, 1971 Palad v. Gov., L-24302, August 18, 1972 VIII. Easements A. Kinds Art. 613-4 Ronquillo v. Roco, 103 Phil. 84 B. Modes of Acquiring Easements Art. 620-6 Art. 624:

C.

D.

E.

Gargantos v. tan, 58 O.G. No. 2, p. 226 Valisno v. Adriano, L-37409, May 23, 1988 Modes of Extinguishment Benedicto v. CA, L-22733, September 25, 1968 Salazar v. Gutierrez, L-21727, May 29, 1970 Leal Easement Art. 669-673 NPC v. Guliang, 193 SCRA 1 (Ruling) Costabello Corp. v. CA, 193 SCRA 333, 340-4 Voluntary Easements

Trias v. Araneta, L-20786, October 30, 1965 Ortigas v. FEATI, L- 24670, December 14, 1979

IX. Modes of Acquiring Ownership Art. 712 A. Original Modes 1. Occupation Art. 718, 738-9, C.C. ; Art. 117(4), Family Code 2. Intellectual Creation 3. Prescription B. Derivative Modes 1. Donation Art. 725, 734, 746 a. Kinds Art. 726-731 (1) Remunerative Castro v. CA, L-20122, April 28, 1969 (2) Inter-vivos Alejandro v. Geraldez, L-33849, August 18, 1977 (3) Mortis Causa Puig, et al, v. Peaflorida, et al., L-15939, January 31, 1966 b. Rules governing each kind Art. 732-3 Valdez v. 57 O.G. No. 10, p. 1802 Lagura v. Servillan, 61 O.G. No. 10, p. 5270 Llenado v. Llenado, 47 O.G. No. 12 Suppl. 420 c. Form Art. 748-9 Pajarillo v. IAC, 176 SCRA 340, 349-353 d. Limitations Art. 739-40, 750-2, 759 Ins. Life Co. v. Ebrado, L-44059, October 28, 1977 e. Revocation and Reduction Art. 760-773 Bautista v. Sabiniano, 92 Phil. 244 Oracion v. Principa, 46 O.G. No. 11, 5421 Ortiz v. CA, 97 Phil. 46

Cruz v. CA, L-58671, G.R. No. L-58671, November 22, 1985 De Luna v. Abrigo 181 SCRA 150 SUCCESSION

I. Wills A.

Law governing form 1. In general Art. 795, 17, 815 In re Will of Rev. Abadia, 50 O.G. No. 9, 9. 4185 2. Exceptions a. Wills made by aliens abroad Art. 816 b. Wills made before diplomatic or consular officers of the Philippines Art. 17, par. 2 c. Wills made by aliens in the Philippines Art. 817 d. Joint wills Art. 818-819 Vitug v. CA, 183 SCRA 755 e. Holographic wills Art. 810 Law governing contents Art. 16, par. 2; 1039 Estate of Christensen, 61 O.G. no. 38, p. 1039 Estate of Amos Bellis, L- 23678, June 6, 1967

De la Cerna v. Potot, et al., 63 O.G. No. 38, p. 8190

B.

C.

Kinds 1. 2.

PCI Bank v. Escolin, L- 27860, March 29, 1974 Ajero v. CA, 26 SCRA 458 Holographic Art. 810, 804, 811 Estate of Esguerra, L-12190, August 30, 1958 Rodelas v. Aranza, L- 58509, December 7, 1982 Kalaw v. Relova, 132 SCRA 237 Notarial Will Art. 805-6, 809 (rulings) Cruz v. Villasor, L-32213, November 26, 1973

Estate of Bermoy, 46 O.G. No. 12, p. 6168 Cagro v. Cagro, 49 O.G. No. 5, p. 1831 Rodriguez v. Yap, 68 Phil. 126 In re Estate of Saguinsin, 41 Phil. 875 Estate of Barriso, 45 O.G. Suppl. No. 5, p. 240 Guevarra v. Guevarra, January 31, 1956

II. Preterition Art. 854 Escuin v. Escuin, 11 Phil. 332 Eleazer v. Eleazer, 67 Phil. 497

Neri v. Akutin, 74 Phil. 185 Nuguid v. Nuguid, L-23445, June 23, 1966 Balanay v. Martinez, L-39247, June 27, 1975 Solano v. CA, L-41971, November 29, 1983 Acain v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 72706, October 27, 1987 1. Distinguished from disinheritance without cause Art. 918] 2. Distinguished from Art. 906 In re Estate of Christensen, L-24365, June 30, 1966

III. Death of Instituted Heir before testator Art. 856 IV. Fideicommissary Substitution Art. 863-870 Perez v. Garchitorena, 54 Phil. 431 1. Distinguished from simple substitution Art. 857, 859 Crisologo v. Singson, 61 O.G. No. 28, p. 4248 2. Distinguished from resolutory conditional substitution Art. 867 (1), 866 (1), 863 PCI Bank v. Escolin, supra.

Ramirez v. Ramirez, 111 SCRA 704

V. Legitime Art. 886-904, C.C.; Art. 176, Family Code Compare Art. 911 and 950 Rivera v. Dizon, L-24561, June 30, 1970 VI. Reserva Troncal Art. 891 A. nature of Right of Reservor Sienes v. Esparcia, L-12957, March 24, 1961 B. Distinguished from Fideicommissary Substitution C. Reservees Frias Chua v. CFI, L-29901, August 31, 1977 Gonzales v. CFI, L-34395, July 29, 1981 Padura v. Baldovino, L-11960, December 27, 1958 Papa v. Camacho, 144 SCRA 281 D. Effect of alienation of reservoir Nono v. Nequia, L-5829, May 22, 1953 Sumaya v. IAC, 201 SCRA 178 VII. Legacy Art. 957, 959 Pascual v. Rigor, L-22036, April 30, 1979

VIII. Intestate Succession Art. 968-9, 978-1010 Corpus v. Administrator, L-22469, October 23, 1978 Estate of Santillon, L-19281, June 30, 1965 Bicomong v. Almanza, L-37365, November 29, 1977 Sayson v. CA, 206 SCRA 321, 330 Article 992 A. Estate of Illegtimate Child Art. 993, 903, 992-4 Diaz v. IAC, 182 SCRA 427 B. Estate of Adopted Child R.A. No. 8552 De la Puerta v. CA, 181 SCRA 863 IX. Collation Art. 1061-1077, C.C. Art. 51, par. 3; 227, Family Code

Adan v. Casili, 42 O.G. No. 11, p. 9277 Vda. de Tupas v. RTC, 144 SCRA 622 De Roma v. CA, 152 SCRA 206

X. Partition of Estate Art. 1079-1080 A. Right of Redemption Art. 1088-1619 Doromal v. CA, L-36083, September 5, 1975 B. Effects of Partition Guilas v. Judge, L-26695, January 31, 1972 De los Santos v. De la Cruz, L-29192, February 22, 1971 PRESCRIPTION Art. 1106-1155, C.C. Sec. 42 and 45, Code of Civil Procedure Kiamco v. CA, 211 SCRA 156, 160-1 Meralco v. IAC, 174 SCRA 313, 320-2 Solis v. CA, et al., 176 SCRA 678, 685-7 I. Distinction between acquisitive and extinctive prescription See Rule 9, Sec. 1 (1997) Dio v. CA, 359 SCRA 91 Sunga v. de Guzman, L-25847, June 19, 1979 Overseas Bank v. Geraldez, L-46541, December 28, 1979 Buenavente v. Melchor, L-33145, March 30, 1979 Ledesma v. CA, 224 SCRA 175 v. CA, 364 SCRA 675 II. Distinction between extinctive prescription and laches Miguel v Catalino, L-23072, November 29, 1968 Lola v. CA, 145 SCRA 439, 449 Victoriano v. CA, 194 SCRA 19 III. Special Cases Garrido v. Enriquez, L-23833, October 31, 1969 Espiritu v. CFI, L-30486, October 31, 1972 See Rule 9, Sec. 1 Solidarios v. Alampay, L-39592, January 28, 1975 Jalandoni v. PNB, L-47579, October 9, 1981

Bd. Of Liquidators v. Zulueta, L-30738, July 30, 1982 Republic v. CFI, L-29725, January 27, 1983 Luzon Surety v. IAC, G.R. No. 72645, June 30, 1987 Atok-Big Wedge Mining Company v. CA, 193 SCRA 71

10

OBLIGATIONS I. Sources of Obligations Art. 1157-1162 A. Quasi-Contracts Art. 2142, 2175, 22, 23 1. Benefits Conferred Voluntarily a. Preservation of Property or Business (1) Negotiorum Gestio Art. 2144, 2153 (2) Finder of Lost Property Art. 2171 b. Payments by Third Persons Art. 2173, 1236 2. Benefits Involuntarily Conferred a. Solutio Indebiti Art. 2154-2163 (1) Distinguished from Natural Obligations Art. 1423-1430, 1960 b. Performance of Obligations imposed by law in the interest of public (1) Support Art. 206-7, Family Code

Rio v. Palanca, 46 O.G. 11th Suppl. (2) Unjust refusal to support Art. 206 (3) Funeral Expenses Art. 2165 (4) Health or Sanitary Regulations re: Property Art. 2169 (5) Constraint of life or property on occasion of calamity or accident Art. 2167-8, 2174, 2170 B. Quasi-Delict Art. 2176-7, 2180, 2192, 2194, 1728, 1763; Art. 219, Family Code Lasala v. Velez, 46 O.G. No. 8, p. 3752 Tactaquin v. Palileo, L-20865, December 29, 1967 Padua v. Robles, L-40486, August 29, 1975 Singson v. Bank of the Philippine Islands, L-24837, June 27, 1968 Malipol v. Tan, L-27730, January 21, 1974 Marcia v. CA, L-34529, January 27, 1983 Fernando v. CA, 208 SCRA 714, 723-5
C. D. E. MM Transit v. CA, 223 SCRA 521, 533-542 Libi v. IAC, 214 SCRA 16, 33

Law Art. 1158, 294, 449, 636, 2014 Contracts Art. 1159, 1306 Delict People v. Sendaydiego, L-33254, January 20, 1978 Vda. de Paman v. Seeris, 115 SCRA 709 Art. 109, 89 RPC

Petralba v. Sandigan, 200 SCRA 644 Villegas v. CA, 271 SCRA 148, 155-6 Heirs of Guaring, 269 SCRA 283, 288-292

II. Diligence required Art. 1173 Extraordinary diligence required of : A. Innkeeper Art. 2000-1 B. Common Carrier Art. 1733-4 C. Lessee of Agricultural Land Art. 1680 III. Loss due to Fortuitous Event Art. 1174 A. Austria v. CA and Abad, L-29640, June 10, 1971 Exceptions 1. Express provisions of law Depositary Art. 1979 Bailee in Commodatum Art. 1942

11

Negotiorum Gestio Art. 2147-8 Payee in Solution Indebiti Art. 2159, par. 2 Lessee Art. 1648, 1671, 552, par. 2 2. Mora or Default a. Mora solvendi Art. 1165, par. 3; 1169; 552, par. 2 b. Mora accipiendi Art. 1718, 1504 Villaruel v. Manila Motors, 56 O.G. no. 18, pp. 3184-8, 3395-7 Express agreement Art. 1306 Aleatory contracts Art. 2010

3. 4.

IV. Different Types of Civil Obligations A. B. Pure Obligations Art. 1179, par. 1 Conditional Obligations Art. 1181 1. Distinguished from term or period Art. 1193 2. Kinds of Conditional Obligations a. Condition precedent Art. 1187 b. Condition subsequent Art. 1190 3. Kinds of Condition Art. 1182 Tible v. Aquino, L-28967, July 22, 1975 Obligations with a period Art. 1193 1. Kinds Art. 1193-4 2. Presumed for whose benefit Art. 1196 3. When no period is fixed Art. 1197, 1180 CPU v. CA, 246 SCRA 511 Araneta v. Phil. Sugar Estate Dev. Co., Nov 4. When debtor loses the benefit of a period Art. 1198

C.

D. E.

Daguhoy Enterprises v. Ponce, 50 O.G. No. 11, p. 5267 Alternative obligations Art. 1199-1205 Distinguished from facultative obligations Art. 1206 Joint and Solidary Obligations 1. Joint obligations Art. 1208 2. Indivisible obligations Art. 1209-10 Distinguished from solidary obligtions Art. 1224 3. Solidary obligations a. Active Solidarity Art. 1211, 1207, 1214, 1212-15, 1915 b. Passive Solidarity Art. 1216-21, 1895 PNB v. de la Asuncion, L-46095, November 23, 1977 Defenses Available Art. 1222, 1215

Inchausti v. Yulo, 34 Phil. 978 Indivisible and Divisible Obligations Art. 1223-5, 1209 Examples of Indivisibility of Obligations 1. by virtue of its object Art. 618 2. express provision of the law Art. 2089-90, 1612-3, 1248, 1583 3. express agreement Art. 1714 G. Obligstions with a Penal Clause Art. 1226-1230 1. Distinguished from alternative obligations Art. 1227, 1200 2. Distinguished from facultative obligations Art. 1208, 1227 3. Purpose, force, and effect of penal clause Gsell v. Koch, 16 Phil. 1 Umali v. Miclat, L-9262, July 10, 1959
F. V. Extinguishment of Obligations Art. 1231 A. Payment or Performance 1. To whom payment should be made Art. 1240-2, 1626 2. Who shall make payment Art. 1236-8, 2173, 1239 RFC v. CA, 50 O.G. No. 6, p. 2467, 94 Phil. 984

12

B. C. D.

Art. 1249 Tibajia v. CA, 223 SCRA 163, 167 Art. 1250 Fil. Pipe and Foundry Corp. v. NAWASA, L-43446, May 3, 1988 3. Application of Payment Art. 1252-4 Traders Inc. and Surety Co. v. Dy, 55 O.G. no. 29, 5546, 104 Phil. 706 Reparations Com. V. Universal Deep-Sea Fishing, A.M. No. 21901, June 27, 1978 Tender of Payment and Consignation Art. 1256-1261 Loss or Impossibility of Performance Art. 1262-9 Condonation or Remission Art. 1270 1. Modes of Condonation a. by will Art. 935-6 b. by agreement Art. 1270, 746, 752, 748-9 2. Presumption of Condonation Art. 1271-2 Rule 131, sec. 5 (b), (i), (k), Rules of Court

Velasco v. Masa, 10 Phil. 279 3. Effect of Partial Remission Art. 1273, 2076, 2080, 2085 (1), 1274, 2093, 2105 E. Confusion or Merger of Rights Art. 1275 1. Principal Parties Art. 1276 2. Among Guarantors Art. 2073 3. Joint Obligations Art. 1277 4. Solidary Obligations Art. 1215-7 5. Indivisible Obligations Art. 1209, 1224 F. Compensation 1. Kinds Art. 1278, 1286 a. Voluntary Art. 1282 b. Judicial Art. 1283 Gan Tion v. CA, L-22490, May 21, 1961 c. Legal Compensation Art. 1279-80, 1283 2. Obligations which cannot be compensated Art. 1287, 1288, 1794 ICR v. IAC, June 30, 1988 3. Effect of Legal Compensation Art. 1289-90 4. Effect of Assignment of Credit Art. 1285 Perez v. CA, 127 SCRA 636 G. Novation 1. Kinds Art. 1292 La Tondea v. Alto Surety Co., 53 O.G. no. 18, p. 6101, 101 Phil. 879 Magdalena Estate Inc. v. Rodriguez, L-18411, December 17, 1966 Millar v. CA, L-29981, April 30, 1971 Cochingyan v. R & B Surety and Insurance Co., Inc., L-47369, June 30, 1987 2. Modes Art. 1281 a. Substitution of debtor Art. 1291, 1236-7, 1835, par. 2 PNB v. Mallari, 55 O.G. no. 35, p. 2346, 104 Phil. 437
(1) Effect of Insolvency of new debtor Art. 1294-5 b. Change of principal condition or object Cojuangco v. Gonzales, 49 O.G. no. 9, p. 3899, 93 Phil. 718 c. Subrogation Art. 1300 (1) Kinds (a) Legal Art. 1302, 1177, 1610, 1729, 2207 (2) Effect of Novation Art. 1296-9 CONTRACTS I. Form of Contracts

A.

General Rule Art. 1356 Carantes v. CA, L-33360, April 25, 1977 DBP v. Adil, L-48889, May 11, 1989

Bagnas v. CA, 176 SCRA 159, 166-8

13

B. C.
D.

Form essential to its validity - Art. 749, 748, par. 3, 1773, 1984, 2134; Art. 83, Family Code Form essential to its enforceability Art. 1403 (2), 1443, C.C.; Art. 77, 83, Family Code Cruz v. Tuason & Co., L-3749, April 29, 1977 Western Mindanao Lumber Co v. Medalle, L-23213, October 28, 1977 When form not essential to validity or enforceability Art. 1358, 2125, 2096 - Effect of non-compliance with formality Art. 1357

II. Stipulations Contrary to Law Art. 1306 Cui v. Arellano, 112 Phil. 135 Filipinas Compaa de Seguros v. Mandanas, L-19638, June 20, 1966 III. Binding Effect Art. 1311, 1314 Florentino v. Encarnacion, L-27696, September 30, 1977 IV. Rescissible Contracts Art. 1380-9, 1191-2 Central Bank of the Philippines v. CA, L-45710, October 3, 1985 Simon v. Adamos, 131 SCRA 439 Dilag v. IAC, G.R. No. 72727, July 30, 1987 V. Unenforceable Contracts Art. 1409-8, 1317 VI. Void or Inexistent Contracts Art. 1409-1422 Rodriguez v. Rodriguez, L-23002, July 31, 1967 Basic Books v. Lopez, L-20753, February 28, 1966 Menil v. CA, 84 SCRA 413 United General Industries v. Palar, 112 SCRA 404 Marin v. Adel, 130 SCRA 406 Cabral v. CA, 130 SCRA 498

Yanas v. Acaylan, 136 SCRA 52

VII. Innominate Contracts Art. 1307 Dizon v. Gaborro, L-36821, June 22, 1978 TRUSTS I. Express Trusts Art. 1444-1446 Julio v. Dalandan, L-19012, October 30, 1967 II. Resulting or Implied Trust Art. 1447-1454, 1457 Cuaycong v. Cuaycong, L-21616, December 11, 1967 Buencamino v. Matias, L-19397, April 30, 1966 Escay v. CA, L-37504, December 18, 1974 III. Constructive Trusts Art. 1456, 1455, 1807 Miguel v. CA, L-20274, October 30, 1969 Diaz v. Gorricho, 54 O.G. no. 37, 8425 Asuncion v. Pineda, 175 SCRA 717, 726-7 Nakpil v. IAC, 225 SCRA 456 Belcodero v. CA, G.R. No. 89667, October 20, 1993 SPECIAL CONTRACTS SALES Art. 1505, 1506, 1544 Carbonell v. CA, L-29972, January 26, 1976 Perico v. CA, 225 SCRA 469, 479

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Art. 1484 Art. 1479 Sanchez v. Rigos, L-25494, June 14, 1972 Cronico v. Tuason, L-35272, August, 26, 1977 Romero v. CA, 250 SCRA 223 Tajanlangit v. Southern Motors, 54 O.G. no. 8, p. 2582 Cruz v. Fil. Invest, L-24772, May 27, 1967 Filinvest v. Phil. Acetylene, L-50449, January 30, 1982 Industrial Finance Corp. v. Tobias, L-41555, July 27, 1977 Universal Motors Corp. v. Velasco, L-25140, July 15, 1980 De la Cruz v. ASIAN, 214 SCRA 103, 107-8

Right of First Refusal Equatorial Realty Development, Inc. v. Mayfair Theater, Inc., G.R. No. 106063, November 21, 1996 Art. 1482 Art. 1602, 1603 Art. 1491 Art. 1619-1623 Rep. Act. 6552 Art. 1592, 1191 Legaspi v. CA, L-39877, February 20, 1976 Alonzo v. CA, G.R. No. 72873, May 28, 1987 Butte v. Manuel Uy and Sons, Inc., L-15499, February 28, 1962 Conejero v. CA, L-21812, April 29, 1966 Director of Lands v. Ababa, L-26096, February 27, 1979 Laig v. CA, L-26882, November 21, 1978 Arches v. Diaz, L-27136, April 30, 1973 Cifra v. CA, 198 SCRA 91, 101-2

Laforteza v. Machuca.. 333 SCRA 643, 660-663 Jison v. CA, L-45349, August 15, 1988

Assignment of Credits Art. 1624-1635 LEASE Art. 1649-1653 Manlapaz v. Salazar, 52 O.G. No. 2, p. 802 Nava v. Yaptinchay, 44 O.G. No. 9, p. 3332 COMMON CARRIER Art. 1745, 1749-1750, 1753-66 Phoenix Assurance Company v. Macondray, L-25048, May 13, 1975 Air France v. Carrascoso, L-21438, September 28, 1966 Shewaram v. PAL, L-20099, July 7, 1966 Mallorca v. CA, L-20761, July 27, 1966 Juntilla v. Fontanar, L-45637, May 31, 1985 Nocum v. Laguna Tayabas Bus Company, L-23733, October 31, 1969 Ong v. CA, L-40597, June 29, 1979 Abeto v. PAL, L-28692, July 30, 1982

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CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT Eastern Shipping Lines v. IAC, L-69044, May 29, 1987 Samar Mining Co. v. Nordeutscher Lloyd, 132 SCRA 530 WARSAW CONVENTION PANAM v. Rapadas, 209 SCRA 67 Santos v. Northwest Orient Airlines, 210 SCRA 256-275 MARITIME LAW Vasquez v. CA, 138 SCRA 553 CONTRACT FOR A PIECE OF WORK Art. 1467, 1725-6, 1729, 1723 Nakpil and Sons v. CA, 144 SCRA 596 PARTNERSHIP Art. 1769, 1782 Yulo v. Yang Chiao Seng, L-12541, August 28, 1959 Art. 1797, 1799-1803, 1816-1824 Island Sales v. United Pioneers Gen. Const. Co., L-22493, July 31, 1975 Art. 1832-1834 Singsong v. Isabela Sawmill, L-27343, February 28, 1979 Art. 1844, 1852 AGENCY Art. 1883 NFA v. IAC, 184 SCRA 166 Nicolas v. Bormaheco, 70 O.G. no. 20, p. 3971, 52 SCRA 73 Art. 1927, 1980

De la Rama SS v. Tan, May 21, 1956, 99 Phil. 1034 Perez v. PNB, L-21813, July 30, 1966 GUARANTY AND SURETY

Phil-Am v. Ramos, L-20978, February 28, 1966 Banson v. Cruz, June 29, 1977 CHATTEL MORTGAGE LAW

PNB v. Manila Investment & Construction, L-27132, April 29, 1971 Abiaza v. Ignacio, May 23, 1958, 103 Phil. 115 COMPROMISE

Art. 2035, 2037, 2041 Samonte v. Samonte, L-40683, June 27, 1975, 64 SCRA 24 PREFERENCE OF CREDIT Art. 2241-2251

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Art. 110, Labor Code Carried Lumber Co. v. ACCFA, L-21836, April 22, 1975

Republic v. Peralta, L-56568, May 20, 1987, 150 SCRA 37 Development Bank of the Philippines v. NLRC, 229 SCRA 350 (R.A. 6715, March 3, 1983)

17