Philippine Red Cross
MODULE 2
Community First Aid & Basic Life Support
Community First Aid (FA) Basic Life Support (BLS)
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Community First Aid
Always
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
FIRST AID Is an immediate care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly taken ill. It includes selfill. selfhelp and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Roles and Responsibilities of a First Aider
1. Bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician It is not intended to compete with, or take the place of the services of the physician. It ends when the services of a physician begin.
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Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Roles and Responsibilities of a First Aider
2. Ensure safety of him / herself and that of bystanders. 3. Gain access to the victim. 4. Determine any threats to patient s life. 5. Summon advanced medical care as needed. 6. Provide needed care for the patient. 7. Assist advanced personnel. 8. Record all findings and care given to the patient.
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Objectives of First Aid
1. To alleviate suffering 2. To prevent added/further injury or danger 3. To prolong life.
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Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Characteristics of A Good First Aider
1. Gentle 2. Resourceful 3. Observant 4. Tactful 5. Emphatic 6. Respectable - should not cause pain. - should make the best use of things at hand. - should notice all signs. - should not alarm the victim - should be comforting. - should maintain a professional & caring attitude
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Hindrances in Giving First Aid
1. Unfavorable surroundings. 2. Presence of crowds. 3. Pressure from victim or relatives.
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Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Transmission of Diseases and the First Aider
1. Direct contact 2. Indirect contact 3. Airborne 4. Vector
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Body Substance Isolation
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Basic Precautions and Practices
1. Personal Hygiene
2. Protective Equipment
3. Equipment Cleaning & Disinfecting
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Suggested First Aid Kit Contents:
y Rubbing alcohol y Povidone Iodine y Cotton y Gauze pads y Tongue depressor y Penlight y Band aid y Plaster
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y Gloves y Scissors y Forceps y Bandage (Triangular) y Elastic roller bandage y Occlusive dressing
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid DRESSING
Any sterile cloth material used to cover the wound Other uses of dressing:
Controls bleeding. Protects the wound from infection. Absorbs liquid from the wound such as blood plasma, water and pus.
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid BANDAGES
Any clean cloth materials, sterile or not used to hold the dressing in place. Other uses of bandages: 1. 2. 3. 4. Control bleeding. Tie splints in place. Immobilize body part. For arm support use as a sling.
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
GETTING STARTED
1. Plan of Action 2. Gathering of Needed Materials 3. Initial Response: Ask for HELP. Intervene Do no further harm 4. Instruction to Helper/s
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Survey the Scene
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Survey the Scene
Elements
- Is the scene safe? - What Happened? - How many people are injured? - Are there bystanders who can help? - Identify yourself as a trained First Aider - Get consent to give care
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Primary Survey
- CHECK for CONSCIOUSNESS - CHECK AIRWAY
Coughing
- CHECK for Signs of Life
Breathing Movement
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Activate Medical Assistance (AMA) or Transfer Facility Depending on the situation: - A bystanders should make the telephone call for help(If available). - A bystander will be requested to call for a physician. - Somebody will be asked to arrange for transfer facility. - Care First or Call First. (Lone Rescuer)
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Activate Medical Assistance (AMA) or Transfer Facility IF A LONE RESPONDER CALL FIRST (Activate Medical Assistance before providing care) If:
- An unconscious adult victim or child 8 years old or older. - An unconscious infant or child known to be at a high risk for heart problems. CARE FIRST (provide first aid for 1-2 minutes and then call fast) If: - An unconscious victim less than 8 years old; - Cardiac Arrest in children known to be at high risk of arrythmias - Any victim of submersion or near drowning - Any victim of arrest associated with trauma - Any victim of drug overdose
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Activate Medical Assistance (AMA) or Transfer Facility
Information to be remembered in activating medical assistance :
What happened? Location? Number of persons injured? Extent of injury and First Aid given? The telephone number from where you are calling? Person who activated medical assistance must identify him/herself and drop the phone fast.
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Secondary Survey
1. Interview the victim - Ask victim s name - Ask what happened - Assess the SAMPLE History
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid Signs & symptoms Allergies Medications Past medical history Last oral intake Events prior to the episode
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Secondary Survey
2. Check vital signs. - Pulse Rate
- Respiratory Rate - Temperature - Blood Pressure - Skin Appearance - Pupil Reaction
3. Perform head-to-toe examination.
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
EMERGENCY TRANSFER
Is a rapid movement of patient from unsafe place to a place of safety.
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
EMERGENCY TRANSFER
Danger of fire or explosion
Danger of toxic gasses or asphyxia due to lack of oxygen
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Serious traffic hazards
Risk of drowning
Danger of electrocution
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Danger of collapsing walls
Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
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Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
TRANSFER
Is moving a patient from one place to another after giving first aid.
Selection of transfer method will depend on the following:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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Nature and severity of the injury. Size of the victim. Physical capabilities of the first aider. Number of personnel and equipment available. Nature of evacuation route. Distance to be covered. Sex of the victim (Last Consideration).
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
ONEONE-MAN CARRIES / ASSISTS
Assist to Walk
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Carry in Arms
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Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
TWOTWO-MAN CARRIES
Carry by Extremities
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Hand as a litter
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Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
THREETHREE-MAN CARRIES
Hammock Carry
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Wounds
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Wounds
Two Types of Wounds
1. Closed Wound
First Aid Management
C - Cold Application S - Splinting
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Wounds
Two Types of Wounds
2. Open Wound
Puncture
Abrasion
Laceration
Avulsion
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Wounds
Two Types of Wounds 2. Open Wound First Aid Management C C C C - Control Bleeding - Cover the wound with dressing and secure with a bandage. - Care for shock. - Consult or refer to physician.
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Burns
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Burns
TYPES OF BURN INJURIES:
1. Thermal Burns
2. Chemical Burns
3. Electrical Burns
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Burns
Superficial (First-degree) burns Partial-thickness (Second-degree) burns Full-thickness (Third-degree) burns
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Specific Body Injuries
Blows to the Eye
Chemical Burns
Foreign Object Always
FIRST
Nose Injuries
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THERE
Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Specific Body Injuries
4. Impaled Objects
5. Amputations
6. Sucking Chest Wound Always
FIRST
7. Abdominal Injuries Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
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Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
BANDAGING TECHNIQUES
OPEN PHASE
Head Top Side Always
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THERE
Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
BANDAGING TECHNIQUES
OPEN PHASE
Chest Always
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
BANDAGING TECHNIQUES
OPEN PHASE
Burned Hand Always
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
BANDAGING TECHNIQUES
CRAVAT PHASE
FOREHEAD
ARM/LEG
PALM PRESSURE
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
BANDAGING TECHNIQUES
CRAVAT PHASE
Elbow Bended Always
FIRST
Elbow Straight Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
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Philippine Red Cross
Dislocation and Broken Bones
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
Check the victims sign of life (if unconscious) Keep the victim still If there is bleeding, cover and control bleeding Immobilize the affected part Get medical help
Always
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READY
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THERE
Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
BANDAGING TECHNIQUES
FOR IMMOBILIZATION
Arm Sling Always
FIRST
For Sprain Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
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Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
FAINTING (Shock)
Signs and Symptoms of Shock
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FIRST
Face pale or cyanotic in color. Skin cold and clammy. Breathing irregular. Pulse rapid and weak. Nausea and vomiting Weakness Thirsty
Always
THERE
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid Management:
1. Proper Body Position.
First Aid
2. Proper Body Heat Always
FIRST
3. Proper Transfer Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
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Philippine Red Cross
First Aid INGESTED POISON
Signs and Symptoms Altered mental status. History of ingesting poisons. Burns around the mouth. Odd breath odors. Nausea, vomiting. Abdominal pain. Diarrhea
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid INGESTED POISON
First Aid for Ingested Poisoning 1. Try to identify the poison. Call the National Poison Control Center. 2. Place the victim on his or her left side. 3. Monitor ABCs. 4. Save any empty container, spoiled food for analysis. 5. Save any vomitus and keep it with the victim if he or she is taken to an emergency facility.
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross Heat cramps
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Transfers the victim to a cool place Have the victim rest with his/her feet elevated Cool the victim (do not use an alcohol rub) Give the victim an electrolyte beverages to sip. Massage affected muscle gently and firmly until they relaxes.
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
First Aid
Sprain
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
1. Remove all clothing or jewelry around the joint. 2. Apply cold compress at once. 3. Immobilize, Rest and Elevate the affected joint. 4. Seek Medical Help if needed.
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS)
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) Chain of Survival
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
Cardiovascular Disease
RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
1. Risk factors that cannot be changed (Non-modifiable) : Heredity Age Gender
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
Cardiovascular Disease
RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
2. Risk factors that can be changed (Modifiable) : Cigarette smoking Hypertension Elevated cholesterol Lack of exercises Obesity Stress Diabetes mellitus
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
Cardiovascular Disease
HEART ATTACK ( Myocardial Infarction)
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
Cardiovascular Disease
HEART ATTACK ( Myocardial Infarction) Signs and Symptoms Chest Discomfort
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THERE
Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
Cardiovascular Disease
HEART ATTACK ( Myocardial Infarction) Signs and Symptoms Sweating Nausea Shortness of Breathe Tingling Sensation
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
Cardiovascular Disease
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT OF HEART ATTACK 1. Recognized the signals of heart attack and take action. 2. Have patient stop what he or she is doing and sit or lie down in a comfortable position. Do not let the patient move around. 3. Have someone call the physician or ambulance for help.
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
Cardiovascular Disease
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT OF HEART ATTACK 4. If patient is under medical care, assist, him/her in taking his/her prescribe medicine/s
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Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION COMMON CAUSES: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Improper Chewing Excessive Intake of Alcohol Presence of Dentures Running while eating Children hand to mouth stage left unattended
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
Types of Obstruction:
1. Mild Obstruction - with good air exchange Mgt: Encourage Coughing 2. Severe Obstruction - with poor or no air exchange
Mgt: Back Blows, Abdominal Thrusts, Chest Thrusts
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
CARDIAC ARREST Is the condition in which circulation ceases and vital organs are deprived of oxygen.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
This is a combination of chest compression and ventilation. *COMPRESSION ONLY CPR
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
Criteria for Not Starting CPR
The patient has a valid Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) order. The patient has signs of irreversible death
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
When to STOP CPR:
1. SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation are restored. 2. TURNED OVER to medical services or properly trained and authorized personnel. 3. OPERATOR is already exhausted and cannot continue CPR. 4. PHYSICIAN assumes responsibility (declares death, take over, etc.).
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Basic Life Support
SEQUENCE IN PERFORMING CPR
Survey the Scene Scene. Check Responsiveness Check Airway (Head-Tilt-Chin Lift) (Head-TiltCheck Signs of Life (Look, Listen & Feel) for no more than 10 seconds. Give 2 Initial breaths Start CPR if still no signs of life Place in Recovery Position if Victim has signs of life. Always
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
Questions?
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Philippine Red Cross
THANK YOU!!
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Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2