Chapter 8 Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
a. oxygen only.
b. sugars only.
c. ATP and oxygen.
d. oxygen and sugars.
____ 2. Which of the following is part of the overall reaction for photosynthesis?
a. carbon dioxide
b. water
c. light
d. all of the above
____ 3. In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide result in six molecules of
a. glucose.
b. water.
c. oxygen.
d. ATP.
____ 4. The stroma is the thick fluid within the inner membrane of a chloroplast that surrounds
a. thylakoids.
b. chloroplasts.
c. plant cells.
d. all of the above
____ 5. Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
a. does not absorb green light.
b. reflects violet light.
c. absorbs green light.
d. none of the above
____ 6. Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?
a. in the stroma
b. in the thylakoid
c. in the ATP
d. in the glucose
____ 7. A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas
being collected is probably
a. oxygen.
b. carbon dioxide.
c. ATP.
d. vaporized water.
____ 8. What are the products of the light reactions?
a. oxygen
b. ATP
c. NADPH
d. all of the above
____ 9. Plants gather the sun’s energy with lightabsorbing molecules called
a. pigments.
b. thylakoids.
c. chloroplasts.
d. glucose.
____ 10. Which of the following is NOT a step in the light reactions?
a. Electrons move through the electron transport chain.
b. Pigments in the first photosystem absorb light.
c. ATP synthase allows H + ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane.
d. ATP and NADPH are used to produce sugars.
____ 11. A granum is a
a. stack of chloroplasts.
b. stack of thylakoids.
c. membrane enclosing a thylakoid.
d. photosynthetic pigment molecule.
____ 12. Which of the following is false?
a. A chloroplast contains stroma.
b. A thylakoid contains a granum.
c. A granum contains several thylakoids.
d. A thylakoid contains chlorophyll.
____ 13. Which pathway represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?
a. H2O ® second photosystem ® ATP synthase
b. O2 ® ADP ® Calvin cycle
c. second photosystem ® Calvin cycle ® NADPH
d. H2O ® NADPH ® Calvin cycle
____ 14. Where do the light reactions take place?
a. in the stroma
b. outside the chloroplasts
c. in the thylakoid membranes
d. only in chlorophyll molecules
____ 15. If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s
production of sugars?
a. More sugars will be produced.
b. Fewer sugars will be produced.
c. The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide.
d. Carbon dioxide does not affect the production of sugars in plants.
____ 16. Which region of the visible spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll?
a. blue
b. violet
c. green
d. red
____ 17. Plants take in energy by absorbing
a. sugars.
b. chlorophyll a.
c. chlorophyll b.
d. sunlight.
____ 18. Which step is the beginning of photosynthesis?
a. Pigments in the first photosystem absorb light.
b. A water molecule is split, releasing oxygen.
c. Electrons move through the electron transport chain.
d. ATP synthase allows H + ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane.
____ 19. Which of the following is inside the thylakoid membrane?
a. electron transport chain
b. photosystems
c. ATP synthase
d. all of the above
____ 20. Why does the inside of the thylakoid membrane become positively charged during the light reactions?
a. H + ions are released as water splits.
b. ATP synthase allows H + ions to pass through the membrane.
c. ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP.
d. Carbon dioxide builds up in the stroma.
____ 21. Where are photosystems found?
a. in the stroma
b. in the thylakoid membrane
c. in the Calvin cycle
d. all of the above
____ 22. What is a product of the Calvin cycle?
a. oxygen gas
b. ATP
c. sugar
d. carbon dioxide gas
____ 23. Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source of
energy for all living things on Earth is
a. glucose. c. the sun.
b. water. d. carbon dioxide.
____ 24. Suspended in the fluid stroma of chloroplasts are
a. organelles called eukaryotes.
b. numerous mitochondrial membranes.
c. small coins that provide energy.
d. stacks of thylakoids called grana.
____ 25. The energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds in a series of
linked chemical reactions called a
a. photosynthetic reactant.
b. ATP generator.
c. chemical equation.
d. biochemical pathway.
____ 26. The role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to
a. absorb light energy.
b. pass electrons to carotenoids.
c. split water molecules.
d. All of the above
____ 27. Chlorophyll is green because
a. it absorbs green wavelengths of light.
b. it absorbs blue and yellow wavelengths, which make green.
c. it reflects green wavelengths of light.
d. it transmits light and causes an optical illusion.
____ 28. What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light?
a. Some of its electrons are raised to a higher energy level.
b. It disintegrates, giving off huge amounts of heat.
c. It glows, radiating green light and giving the plant a green appearance.
d. It attracts electrons from other molecules.
____ 29. When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are raised to a higher energy level,
a. they become a particle of light.
b. they form a glucose bond.
c. they enter an electron transport chain.
d. they enter the Calvin cycle.
____ 30. The electrons of photosystem I
a. are eventually replaced by electrons from photosystem II.
b. attach to water molecules during the light reaction.
c. are at the end of the electron transport chain.
d. are absorbed by oxygen molecules to form water.
____ 31. The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is
a. carbon dioxide. c. chlorophyll.
b. water. d. glucose.
____ 32. The major atmospheric byproduct of photosynthesis is
a. nitrogen. c. water.
b. carbon dioxide. d. oxygen.
____ 33. During the Calvin cycle, carboncontaining molecules are produced from
a. carbon atoms from ATP.
b. carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms from glucose.
c. carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from water.
d. carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from NADPH.
____ 34. Products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that provide energy for the Calvin cycle are
a. oxygen and ATP. c. ATP and NADPH.
b. water and oxygen. d. oxygen and NADPH.
____ 35. The Calvin cycle of photosynthesis
a. requires ATP and NADPH.
b. can occur in both light and dark conditions.
c. generates glucose.
d. All of the above
____ 36. The energy used in the Calvin cycle for the production of carbohydrate molecules comes from
a. ATP made during cellular respiration.
b. the Krebs cycle.
c. ATP made in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
d. CO2 absorbed during the last stage of photosynthesis.
____ 37. During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for energy and
growth is called
a. the Calvin cycle.
b. the Krebs cycle.
c. the light reactions.
d. the electron transport chain.
____ 38. All organic molecules contain carbon atoms that ultimately can be traced back in the food chain to
a. the bodies of heterotrophs.
b. carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
c. water absorbed by plants.
d. the carbon that comes from the sun.
____ 39. Which of the following can be produced from the products of the Calvin cycle?
a. carbohydrates c. proteins
b. lipids d. All of the above
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
sentence or statement true.
____ 40. The reactions that convert the energy in sunlight into chemical energy of ATP and NADPH are called the
Calvin cycle. _________________________
____ 41. The carbon cycle is the process by which carbon moves from inorganic to organic compounds and back.
_________________________
____ 42. If a plant and a burning candle are placed under a bell jar, the candle will burn because the plant gives off
carbon dioxide. _________________________
____ 43. Plants gather the sun’s energy with lightabsorbing molecules called pigments.
_________________________
____ 44. During the light reactions, plants use the energy in ATP and NADPH to build sugars.
_________________________
____ 45. A plant whose leaves are naturally yellow probably contains chlorophyll as well as other lightabsorbing
pigments. _________________________
____ 46. If you grind up the chloroplasts found in spinach leaves into a liquid solution, the solution will have a green
color. _________________________
____ 47. ATP synthesis is powered by the flow of H + ions into the thylakoid. _________________________
____ 48. The Calvin cycle provides cells with sugars that can be stored for more than a few minutes.
_________________________
____ 49. The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 and ATP. _________________________
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
50. Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and
_________________________.
51. _________________________ are diskshaped stacks of photosynthetic membranes inside chloroplasts.
52. Chemical compounds that give chloroplasts a green color are called _________________________.
53. Photosynthesis requires light, water, carbon dioxide, and _________________________.
54. A _________________________ is a cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules within the thylakoid
membrane.
55. Thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as _________________________.
56. Thylakoids are a _________________________ color because they contain chlorophyll.
57. If you separate the pigments found in a typical plant cell’s chloroplasts, you will find
_________________________, orange, and red pigments.
58. The excited electrons that chlorophyll transfers to the electron transport chain are replenished by electrons
from _________________________ molecules.
59. A membrane protein called _________________________ allows H + ions to pass through the thylakoid
membrane.
60. Stacks of thylakoids, called ____________________, are suspended in the stroma of chloroplasts.
61. A photosynthetic pigment that absorbs primarily red and blue wavelengths of light and appears green is called
____________________, while pigments that absorb other wavelengths and appear yellow and orange are
called ____________________.
62. The main pigment associated with the two photosystems is ____________________.
63. The abundance of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere is a result of millions of years of ____________________.
64. Chemiosmosis in the thylakoid membrane results in the synthesis of ____________________.
65. The second stage of photosynthesis, in which glucose is manufactured, is called the ____________________.
Short Answer
66. Write the overall equation for photosynthesis in both symbols and words.
67. A student exposed two plants to only red light and two plants to only green light. Which plants should grow
better? Why?
68. What is the electromagnetic spectrum? Include an explanation of the term wavelength in your answer.
69. What does the Calvin cycle do?
70. What is the role of hydrogen ions in the conversion of ADP to ATP?
71. Why are six carbon dioxide molecules required to make one glucose molecule?
Other
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
A student prepared two beakers with identical sprigs of a water plant as shown below. She placed one beaker
in the shade and the other beaker beside a fluorescent lamp. She then systematically changed the distance of
the beaker from the lamp. She counted the bubbles given off by each sprig of the water plant. Shown here is
the graph of the data for the beaker she placed in the light.
Figure 81
72. Observing Look at the graph in Figure 81. At what distance from the light source was the greatest number of
bubbles produced per minute?
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 82
73. Observing What process is shown in Figure 82?
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
A student put together two different experimental setups as shown below.
Figure 83
74. Predicting In Figure 83, assume that the student tested the oxygen content in Jar B, then placed it in indirect
sunlight for two days. After this time, the student tested the air in the bell jar again for oxygen content. What
would you expect the results to be?
75. Designing Experiments Suggest an appropriate control for the experiment shown in Figure 83.
Essay
76. What is a chloroplast? Describe the structure of a chloroplast.