SUBSTATION LAYOUT
Design and considerations
Layout diagram
After bus arrangement is decided,
Key diagram and then layout drawing should be
prepared- to show actual position of each
equipment
Land plan- boundaries of the land acquired
Civil works
Electrical works
Roads and paths for the movement of men and
material
Electrical works
• For placing the various equipment in the switchyard.
• The no. of columns and beams to support the
busbars and incoming and outgoing connections
depends upon the system voltage.
• It should reveals
Physical position of each equipment
Distance between various equipments
Phase segregation distance
Phase to ground clearance
Erection
• In electrical layout, overhead wire (for protecting against
lightning strokes) will be marked. O/H wire decides no.
of columns and beams by the structural engineer.
• Steel erection key- determines no. of various structures
to be fabricated and helps the field erectors to erect the
various structures at right positions.
• No. of supporting structures (Las, Pts, CTs, CBs,
Insulators, etc) should be finalized from the drawing
• Supporting structures, columns and beams may be of
steel or reinforced cement concrete.
Clearances
Various clearances for different voltages
T o ensure satisfactory performance in service
Safety of personnel in inspection, operation and maintenance work
Electrical clearance
Earth clearance
Phase clearance (flash over)
Section clearance-safety clearance to conductors (min distance bt unscreened
live wires and work section. When screens are interposed, the distance is to
be taken as a taut string measurement around the edge of the screen)
Ground clearance- safety clearance to insulators (min distance bt insulators
and work section)
Work section (open type switchgear)
• It should be capable of delimitation by screens
or other means of restricting access to live
conductors
• Any convenient sub division of a switching
station that include one or more items of
equipment
Busbar material
• Bus bar conductor
• Post type insulators
• Suspension insulator strings
• Terminal connectors, clamps, tees, etc
Substation – Detailed Engineering
Electrical Civil and Structural
Protection and Metering SLD Foundation Design and Engineering
Structure Design and Engineering
Substation Layout Plan and Control Room Building Design and
Sections Engineering
Substation Clearance Diagram Lightning & Lighting Mast
Erection Key Diagram Foundation and Cable Trench Layout
Storm Water Drainage System
Earthing & Lightning Protection Road, Drain, Duct Bank
Lighting System Design Transformer and Reactor Foundation
Cable Routing and Schedule Transformer Fire Wall and Soak Pit
Project Bill Of Materials
Control Room Equipment Layout
Battery and LVAC System
SCADA System
Project Bill Of Materials
Detailed enginnering
Project Engineering
System Studies and Reports Basic and Conceptual
• Data Collection Engineering
• Power System studies for
Project Development
Site Selection Engineering Specifications
network expansion
• Techno Economic Feasibility through Distribution Preparation of Tender
Studies Planning Document
• Detailed Project Reports in Studies Bid Evaluation /
WB/ADB format
Selection of schemes Recommendations
• Financial Analysis
Layout Configuration Post Contract Engineering /
• Year wise Implementation
Schedule Permits and Review and Approval of Vendor
Approvals Documents
Detailed Design and Drawings
Project Management Site Services
Project Scheduling and Supervision of Construction and Erection
Control Protection co-ordination and relay setting
Progress Monitoring Testing and Commissioning
and Co-ordination Preparation of O & M Manuals
Inspection and As-Built drawings
Expediting Quality Control Implementation
Measurement and Certification
Procedure for drawing
General Drawings
Drawings of electrical plant and machines shall include, where appropriate:
a. Overall dimensions;
b. Terminal point details;
c. Minimum clearances;
d. Design pressures and temperatures for plant or plant items subject to
pressure and temperatures higher than ambient; and
e. Insets, where necessary, to ensure every item of the assembly is clearly shown.
Requirements of Shop Drawings
• Detailed shop drawings shall be prepared covering all aspects of the works.
• The Designer shall review the shop drawings and any other technical
submissions
• to ensure that the proposed works comply with the design intent.
Electrical Drawings
• Electrical drawings for the installation shall be drafted in accordance with AS 1102
and shall include the following:
a. Single Line Diagrams showing:
− Bus rating and switchboard characteristics;
− Current transformer ratios;
− Circuit breaker and fuse current ratings; and
− Ratings of capacitors, resistors and any other electrical devices.
− Items shall be designated as per AS 3702;
b. Substation Layout drawing to scale;
c. Site Layout drawings to scale;
d. Cable schedules (if required);
e. Overall system diagrams, for communication and control systems
showing cable types and system components; and
f. Block cabling diagrams
As-Constructed Drawings
Provide “As Constructed” drawings that show as a minimum:
a. The final locations of cables, pits, cable joints etc;
b. Wiring diagrams for all equipment installed including termination
diagrams;
c. General arrangement drawings showing details of all equipment
installed; and
d. Any information as required facilitating operation and maintenance of the equipment.
e. The “As Constructed” drawings shall form the basis of the Operations and Maintenance
Manuals.
System Drawings
The designer shall prepare revised system documentation whenever an alteration is preformed to
the reticulation system or a new system is installed.
As a minimum the following documentation shall be provided in suitable hard copy and digital
format in accordance with the Defence requirements
a. Base HV single line diagram;
b. Base HV geographic layouts;
c. Substation/switching station schematics for all effected substations and
switching stations;
d. HV switchboards schematics for the main high voltage nodes such as
CEPS and ISS, and
e. LV distribution pillar schematics.
Key diagram of 11kv substation
Key diagram for 33kv substation
Key diagram of 66kv substation
Key diagram for protection
Key diagram for indoor substation
Reuse of scrap material
