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Ischemic Heart Disease Case Study

This case study describes a 63-year-old man named Ruben Berza Sr. who presented with chest pain and dizziness for 4 weeks. He was diagnosed with ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease) affecting the lateral wall of his heart as well as hypertension. The document provides details on coronary artery disease including its causes, pathophysiology, and risk factors. It explains that coronary artery disease is a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries that supply the heart, which can lead to chest pain, heart attack, and heart damage if not treated.

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Mary Mae Boncayao
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1K views5 pages

Ischemic Heart Disease Case Study

This case study describes a 63-year-old man named Ruben Berza Sr. who presented with chest pain and dizziness for 4 weeks. He was diagnosed with ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease) affecting the lateral wall of his heart as well as hypertension. The document provides details on coronary artery disease including its causes, pathophysiology, and risk factors. It explains that coronary artery disease is a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries that supply the heart, which can lead to chest pain, heart attack, and heart damage if not treated.

Uploaded by

Mary Mae Boncayao
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Case Study Cover
  • Disease Description
  • Medical Diagnosis and Vital Signs
  • Biographic Data and Chief Complaints
  • Pathophysiology

Bicol University Polangui Campus

Nursing and Health Sciences Department

Polangui, Albay

CASE STUDY
(Ischemic Heart Disease)

Remolar, Chady Rivera

BSN- 3B

BIOGRAPHIC DATA

Name of the Client: Magtarayo, Ruben Berza Sr.


Age: 63 years old

Address: San Nicolas, Baao, Camarines Sur

Date of Birth: March 26, 1944

Chief Complaints:

Chest pain for 4 weeks accompanied by dizziness

Medical Diagnosis:

Ischemic Heart Disease (Coronary Artery Disease) – Lateral Wall

Hypertension- Stage 2

Vital Signs:

BP- 140/90mmHg
T- 36. 0ºC
PR- 67bpm
RR- 13bpm

Coronary Artery Disease (Ischemic Heart Disease)

Coronary artery disease is a condition  in which fatty deposits  (atheroma) accumulate in


the cells lining the wall of the coronary arteries. These fatty deposits build up gradually and
irregularly in the large branches of the two main coronary arteries which encircle the heart and
are the main source of its blood supply. This process is called atherosclerosis which leads
to  narrowing or hardening of the blood vessels supplying blood to the heart muscle (the
coronary arteries ).This  results in ischemia ( inability to provide adequate oxygen) to heart
muscle and this can cause damage to the heart muscle . Complete occlusion of the blood
vessel leads to a heart attack (myocardial infarction).
Exact cause is unknown. However there are a number of risk factors. Control of these
risk factors has been shown to reduce the severity and complications of the disease.

Pathophysiology

CORONARY ARTERY
DISEASE
Myocardial Ischemia

Angina Pectoris Myocardial


Infarction

Irreversible
Damage to the
Myocardium

Scar Tissue
Formation

Scar Tissue
Formation

Cardiac
Dysfunction

Heart Failure Cardiac Dysrrhytmia/ Arrest

Coronary artery disease is a chronic process that begins during adolescence and slowly
progresses throughout life. Independent risk factors include a family history of premature
coronary artery disease, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia,
sedentary lifestyle, and obesity. These risk factors accelerate or modify a complex and chronic
inflammatory process that ultimately manifests as fibrous atherosclerotic plaque.
The most widely accepted theory of atherosclerosis states that the process represents
an attempt at healing in response to endothelial injury. The first step in the atherosclerotic
process is the development of fatty streaks, which contain atherogenic lipoproteins and
macrophage foam cells. These streaks form between the endothelium and internal elastic
lamina. Over time, an intermediate lesion made up of an extracellular lipid core and layers of
smooth muscle and connective tissue matrix eventually forms a fibrous cap. The edge of the
fibrous cap (the shoulder region) plays a critical role in the development of acute coronary
syndromes. The shoulder region is the site where most plaques lose their integrity, or rupture.
Plaque rupture exposes the underlying thrombogenic core of lipid and necrotic material to
circulating blood. This exposure results in platelet adherence, aggregation, and progressive
luminal narrowing, which are associated with acute coronary syndromes.

Inflammation is emerging as a critical component of atherosclerosis genesis, activity,


and potential plaque instability. Patients with established coronary artery disease who possess
a confluence of risk factors known as the metabolic syndrome remain at particularly high risk for
a future vascular event, such as an acute myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident.
Biochemical markers such as elevated levels of C-reactive protein signal a higher likelihood of
vascular inflammation and portend a higher risk of vascular event rates. This marker may also
signal more rapidly advancing coronary artery disease and the need for aggressive preventive
measures.

Bicol University Polangui Campus Nursing and Health Sciences Department Polangui, Albay CASE STUDY (Ischemic Heart Disease) R
Age: 63 years old Address: San Nicolas, Baao, Camarines Sur Date of Birth: March 26, 1944 Chief Complaints: Chest pain for 4
are the main source of its blood supply. This process is called atherosclerosis which leads to  narrowing or hardening of t
Coronary artery disease is a chronic process that begins during adolescence and slowly progresses throughout life. Indepen
The most widely accepted theory of atherosclerosis states that the process represents an attempt at healing in response to en

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