Introduction
Rotary instruments complete different
functions in the cutting, polishing, and
finishing of tooth structure and the
restoration process.
Low-Speed Handpiece
Design
.Straight in appearance
”.Standard length and “shorty
Speed ranges from 10,000 to 30,000 rotations per
.minute (rpm)
Operates the rotary instrument in either a forward
.or backward movement
Low-Speed Handpiece-cont’d
Uses of the low-speed handpiece
Intraoral
Removal of soft decay and fine finishing of a cavity
.preparation
.Finishing and polishing of restorations
.Coronal polishing and removal of stains
Extraoral
.Trimming and contouring temporary crowns
.Trimming and relining of removable partials and dentures
.Trimming and contouring of orthodontic appliances
Low-Speed Attachments
Straight attachment receives a long‑shank
laboratory bur, the contra-angle attachment,
.and the prophy angle attachment
Contra-angle attachment receives latch type
.rotary instruments and mandrel
Low-Speed Attachments-cont’d
Prophylaxis Angle
Used during polishing procedures to hold
.the prophy cup and bristle brush
Two types
Plastic disposable “prophy” angle
Metal “prophy” angle
High-Speed Handpiece
Design
.One-piece unit with a slight curve in appearance
.Operates from air pressure
.Operates at speeds up to 450,000 rpm
.Maintains a water-coolant system
Friction-grip locking system for rotary
.instruments
.Fiber-optic lighting
High-Speed Handpiece-cont’d
Uses of the high-speed handpiece
.Removes decay
.Removes an old or faulty restoration
Reduces the crown portion of the tooth for the
.preparation of a crown or bridge
Prepares the outline and retention grooves for a
.new restoration
.Finishes or polishes a restoration
.Sections a tooth during a surgery
Ultrasonic Handpiece
Design
.Attached to the dental unit
.Powered by electricity
Attachments are similar in appearance to
.scaling instruments
.Delivers a pulsating spray of water
Ultrasonic Handpiece-cont’d
Uses of the ultrasonic handpiece
.Removes calculus
.Removes stain
Removes bonding materials from a tooth
surface after orthodontic appliances are
.removed
Removes cement after orthodontic bands are
.removed
Laser Handpiece
Design
Uses a laser light beam instead of rotary
.instruments
The laser is conducted through a fiber‑optic
.cable
.Resembles a standard handpiece
.Maintains a water-coolant system
.Maintains an air-coolant system
Laser Handpiece-cont’d
:Uses
.Cauterizes soft tissue
.Vaporizes decayed tooth structure
:Advantages
.Usually painless
.Patient usually does not require anesthesia
.Proceed with procedure faster
:Disadvantage
.Cannot be used on teeth with existing restorations
Air-Abrasion Handpiece
Design
.Small version of a sandblaster
Produces a high‑pressure delivery of aluminum
.oxide particles through a small probe
Air-Abrasion Handpiece-cont’d
Uses
.Prepares teeth for sealants
.Removes external stains
.Class I through class VI preparations
.Endodontic access
.Crown margins
Prepares a tooth surface for the cementation of a
.cast restoration, such as a crown or veneer
Laboratory Handpiece
Design
.Operates at speeds up to 20,000 rpm
.Uses laboratory burs
Provides greater torque than handpieces used
.intraorally
Handpiece Maintenance
General considerations
Wear personal protective equipment and follow
.universal precautions
.Clean debris from the external surface
.Clean the internal components of the handpiece
.Handpiece must be dry before being packaged
.Wrap the handpiece for sterilization
.Sterilize the handpiece
Wipe the light port on the fiber‑optic with an
.alcohol swab to remove any excess lubricant
Rotary Cutting Instruments
:Three basic parts to a rotary instrument
.Shank: Portion that fits into the handpiece
Straight shank
Latch type shank
Friction grip shank
Neck: Portion of the rotary instrument that
.connects the shank and the head
Head: The cutting, polishing, or finishing
.portion
Dental Burs
.Rotary instruments that have a sharp cutting head
Uses
.Tooth preparation
.Excavation of decay
.Finishing cavity walls
.Finishing restoration surfaces
.Taking out old fillings
.Finishing crown preparations
.Separating crowns and bridges
.Adjusting and correcting acrylic temporaries
Types and Shapes of Burs
Diamond rotary instruments are used for their cutting
ability, which shortens preparation time and increases
.productivity
Finishing rotary instruments: The more cutting
surfaces on the head of a bur, the greater the
.polishing capability