An Introduction to
CAR TERMINOLOGY AND
FEATURES
11
CONTENTS
CAR BASIC TERMINOLOGY
STAGES OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
INTERIORS AND CONSOLES
DISCUSSIONS
22
CONSTRUCTION TYPES
CONVENTIONAL BODY –OVER –FRAME
UNIBODY/SINGLE BODY
33
UNIBODY TYPE
44
CAR FRONT BODY
ENGINE HOOD
COWL ASSY/HOOD HINGES
FRONT FENDER
RADIATOR UPPER SUPPORT
RADIATOR SIDE SUPPORT
FRONT CROSS MEMBER
FRONT SIDE MEMBERS
DASH PANEL
FRONT FLOOR PANEL
55
CAR REAR BODY
BACK DOOR PANEL
LOWER BACK PANEL
REAR FENDER
REAR FLOOR PANEL
TRUNK OR BOOT
REAR BUMPER
66
BASIC CAR TERMINOLOGIES
D pillar
A pillar : the front pillar on a car's "greenhouse
B pillar : the second pillar of a car's greenhouse, usually separating the front and
rear door on a standard 4 door style sedan.
C pillar : the third pillar of a car's greenhouse, usually joining the rear door of a
standard 4 door sedan to the backlight. 77
BASIC CAR FEATURES
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88
CAR FEATURES
99
CAR HEADERS
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CAR ROOF PANELS
1111
WIND SHIELD
WINDSHIELDS ARE PARTS MADE OF TEMPERED GLASS OF THICHNESS
VARYING FROM 1.8-2.8MM.
THE PRIMARY DUTY OF THE WIND SHIELD IS TO SAFEGUARD THE
OCCUPANTS OF THE CAR AGAINST WIND AND RAIN.
ITS IS PLACED IN THE PLASTICS WEB IN FRONT HEADER PART,AND IN
THE ‘A’ PILLAR AT THE SIDES.
PROVISIONS ARE MADE IN THE ‘A’ PILLAR TO ACCOMADATE THE
WINDSHIELD AT THE SIDES.
ALL THE CORNER OF THE WINDSHIELD ARE COVERED WITH
WEATHER STRIPS IN ORDER TO CONTROL RAINWATER CREEPAGE
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CAR HOOD/BONNET
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Bonnet or hood is a covering part of engine ,chassis,and other
internal [Link] it is hinged to the cowl [Link] is surrounded
with weather strips along its periphery with two sides resting on
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fender .
COWL ASSY
HOOD IS HINGED TO CAR COWL HOLDING
COWL ASSY FOR THE BONNET/HOOD
MOVEMENTS 1414
BUMPERS
Bumpers are formed to specific shapes in order to
absorb and deliver (Energy) momentum during a
collision.
Bumpers absorbs some of the impact, which decreases
damage to the car and its occupants.
Bumpers are provided with shock absorber ,In slow
speed collisions, this allows the bumper to compress,
and then extend back to its original position.
Bumpers are provided on Front & Rear Sides. 1515
FRONT BUMPERS
MATERIALS : ABS PLASTICS /POLYURETHANE/
FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTICS(FRP’S).
1616
REAR BUMPERS
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MATERIALS : ABS PLASTICS /POLYURETHANE/
FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTICS(FRP’S). 1717
FENDER
FENDER IS A PART USUALLY MADE UP OF THIN ALUMINIUM SHEET WITH
CHROMEPLATED ABS ON [Link] SHAPE IS DERIVED FROM BONNET
OR HOOD ON ONE SIDE AND WHEEL CURVATURE ON THE OTHER [Link]
IS NORMALLY WELDED TO APRON OF THE CAR FRONT BODY.
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HEAD LAMPS
BEZEL
REFLECTOR
PC LENS
5TH GENERATION DE MODULE (AFS)
1919
LIGHTING DEVICES
TYPES OF LIGTING DEVICES IN MARKET
1. HALOGEN BULB.
2. XENON VERSION.
3. VARIOX XENON.
4. PRE AFS MODULE.
2020
HEADLAMPS PARTS
TYPICAL HEADLAMP CONSISTS OF
HOUSING
HOUSING IS A PART WHICH HOLDS ENTIRE LIGHTING [Link] IS
FIXED WITH 4 MOUNTING DEVICES TO FENDER [Link] IT HAS 2
CIRCULAR OPENINGS FOR HIGH BEAM AND LOW BEAM [Link]
IS MADE UP OF PP COPOLYMER
REFLECTOR
REFLECTOR IS THE MAIN PART OF A HEADLAMP UNIT WHICH IS
SECURED IN THE [Link] HAS A PARABOLIC LIGTING SURFACES
HAVING RECTANGULAR SERATION ALONG ITS [Link]
SURFACES ARE ‘A’ CLASS SURFACES CONSTRUCTED IN
[Link] IS THE SURFACE WHICH REFLECTS THE LIGHT IN
[Link] MATERIAL USED FOR THIS CHROMATED PP.
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HEAD LAMPS PARTS
LENS
ITS MADE UP OF POLYCARBONATE,A EXCELLENT TRANSPARENT [Link]
CAN BE OF GLASS [Link] A DAYS CLEAR LENS ARE USED IN SUV CARS WITH
THE LIGHTING SERATION IN THE REFLECTOR.
THE LENS COVERS THE ENTIRE LIGHTING SYSTEMS,DUE TO ITS TRANSPARENCY ITS
REFRACTS THE LIGHT OUTPUT IN A SYNCHRONIZED [Link] FRONT
PROJECTED AREA OF THE LENS IS ‘A ‘ CLASS SURFACE.
THE LENS IS GLUED TO THE HOUSING BY SPECIAL ADHESIVES.
BEZEL
IT IS MADE OF HIGH CLASS EPDM/ABS COMPOSITE [Link] PRIMARY
FUNCTION OF A BEZEL IS TO COVER NON-LIGHTING [Link] AN ENTIRE STYLING
PART OF A [Link] ENTIRE AESTHETIC LOOK OF HEADLAMP RELY ON THIS
PART.
MORE IMPORTANCE IS GIVEN FOR ITS STYLING.
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FLOOR SILL
THE SILL IS THE BOTTOM EDGE OF A CAR
IT IS WELDED ON TO THE FLOOR PANELS
IT IS MADE UP OF ALUMINIUM DIPPED HIGH DENSITY ALLOY STEEL IN
ORDER TO WITHSTAND CORROSIVENESS
SILL SEAM IS THE LINE FORMED BETWEEN THE DOOR PANELS AND SILL
PART .IT IS NORMALLY EMBEDDED WITH WEATHER STRIPS MADE UP
OF RUBBER.
THE LENGTH OF THE FLOOR SILL IS UPTO THE WHEEL WING APRON
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SIDE PANEL
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Door panel
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AUTOMOTIVE FUEL TANK
THIS IS A TYPICAL PLASTICS FUEL TANK.
NORMALLY NOW-A-DAYS FUEL TANK S ARE ALL MADE UP OF PLASTICS
THE MATERIAL FOR THAT IS HDPE COPOLYMER
THE ADVANTAGE OF PLASTICS HERE IS DUE TO ITS HIGH CORROSIVE
PROPETIES AND MANUFACTUREING FEASIBLITY INTO INTRICATE SHAPES
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DIFFERENT FEATURES AND
MATERIAL
CAR TRUNK
CAR ROOF REAR END
BIW PANEL
HOOD
FRONT
BUMPER
BRACKET
REAR FENDER
2727
FRONT FENDER DOOR PANELS
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FEATURES CHART
2929
BODY IN WHITE CONCEPT
THE BODY IN WHITE IS THE CORE SHELL OF THE CAR
NORMALLY MADE OF ALUMINIUM SPECIAL ALLOY STEEL
THESE ARE PATTENDED MODELS
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FROM THESE BODY EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR PARTS ARE DEVELOPED
FRONT BIW
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REAR BIW
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SIDE BIW
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TYPICAL BIW WITH PILLARS
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CAR BODY FRONT BIW FLOOR
PANEL
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BUILDING CONCEPTS
Normally BIW’s are made of aluminium alloy or
special molybdenum steels.
Due to lighter weights and non-corrosive
properties aluminium is considered.
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SKETCHING
3737
CLAY AND PORCELAIN
MODELLING
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INITIAL DEVELOPMENT
AS THE STYLING SHAPE OF THE CAR IS
FINALISED ,THEN THE SCANNED TIFF DATA IS SENT
TO 3D -STUDIO MAX, HYPERMESH.
THERE WITH THE HELP OF THE SCANNED
POINTS,STYLING IS OPTIMISED AND ENRICHED.
THEN EACH AND EVERY VIEW OF CAR IS STYLED
THERE AS AN IMAGED VIEW.
HYPERMESH IS USED TO MAKE PRE ANALYSIS OF
PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONALITY TO AVOID COST IN
CONCEPT DEVELOPING AND IN TROUBLESHOOTING
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THE REALITY
THEN COMES THE IMAGINATIONS INTO [Link]
SCANNED DATA FROM THE MESH ARE TAKEN TO THE HIGH
END SOFT TOOL LIKE ICEMSURF, ENOVIA.
FROM THE DATA CLOUDS OF POINTS ARE CREATED,AND THE
POINTS ARE TAKEN TO CREATE INITIAL SURFACES
FROM THE STYLING CONCEPT,BIW IS DEVELOPED FIRST (THE
CORE SHELL OF THE BODY)AND ITS EMBEDDED WITH
EXTERIORS AND INTERIORS
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INTERIOR PANEL AND CONSOLES
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INTERIOR PANEL
All the upholstery and molding which is
embedded over the body shell to give
aesthetic appearance are called interior panel.
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INTERIOR PANEL TYPES
INSTRUMENT PANEL
AC PANEL
DOOR PANEL
DASHBOARD PANEL
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INSTRUMENT PANEL
A TYPICAL INSTRUMENT PANEL MADE OF ABS [Link] AN
ADDED PART OF A DASHBOARD PANEL
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AC PANEL
A TYPICAL AC PANEL MADE OF ABS RESIN.
TESE INCLUDES AIR VENT, TRAY .ETC
ITS AN HYBRID PART OF DASHPOD PANEL
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DOOR PANEL
EXTERIOR
PANEL
ARM REST
INNER ASSY.
TRIM
SLOTS
PLASTICS IP
TRIM 4646
DOOR TRIMS
OVAL TRIM
FOR ARMREST
TRIMS DONE
ON FOR
HANDLES
DOOR TRIMS ARE MADE UP OF PVC SHEETS, PP, POLYURETHANE,WHICH ARE
TRIMMED TO REQUIRED SHAPES FOR [Link] ARE THEN
ATTACHED TO PLASTICS OR SHEETMETAL [Link] AND
OPENINGS ARE MADE FOR HANDLES AND ACCESSORIES 4747
INNER DOOR TRIMS
DOOR IP TRIM
4848
TYPICAL DOOR TRIM
POLYURETHANE
UPHOLSTERY
PADDER OR ARM REST
HYBRID
TRIM
MADE OF
PP
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WHAT ARE CONSOLES?
CONSOLES ARE THE PARTS WHICH
ADDS AESTHETIC LOOK AND
COMFORT FOR THE [Link] IS
EMBEDDED OVER PLASTIC OR METAL
PANEL.
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CONSOLES TYPES
-floor consoles
- overhead roof consoles
- seat consoles and desks
- dashboard consoles
- door pockets
- cargo storage drawers
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DASHBOARD CONSOLE
The dashboard pod is a binnacle that sits on top of the dashboard and is ideal
for mounting a radio, CB extension speaker etc. It is a small version of the
instrument pod that houses the speedometer which comes standard in all
vehicles. Dash pods are finished in a vinyl that matches the dashboard
5252crash
pad. Most crash pads have a vacuum formed finish.
DOOR TRIMS WITH CONSOLE
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DOOR CONSOLE 5353
INTERIOR CONSOLES
CENTER
CONSOLE
STORAGE
BIN
CONSOLES
FLOOR
CONSOLES
It comes complete with a storage bin and a hinged lid that forms a padded armrest.
The storage bin is upholstered on the inside and includes a removable lining that is
held in place by Velcro tape.
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CENTER FLOOR CONSOLE
Half Length Center Floor Console
Available for all transmission types, column shift, manual floor shift, and automatic
floor shift. Suitable for bench or bucket seats. This design sits neatly under the
dashboard and supplies as much flat facia as possible 5555
AESTHETIC CONSOLES
[Link]
POLYURETHANE5656
FOAM CONSOLES
ANY SUGESSTIONS PLEASE
5757
THANK YOU !
5858