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Catalyst Effects on Reaction Rates

The document discusses key concepts about rates of reaction and equilibrium in chemistry. It explains that the rate of reaction can be increased by raising surface area, temperature, or concentration of reactants. A catalyst lowers activation energy to speed up reactions by providing a reaction surface. Equilibrium occurs when the forward and backward reaction rates match, and it can be influenced by changing concentration, temperature, or pressure to favor one direction.

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Sathish Sarma Sathianarayanan
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10 views1 page

Catalyst Effects on Reaction Rates

The document discusses key concepts about rates of reaction and equilibrium in chemistry. It explains that the rate of reaction can be increased by raising surface area, temperature, or concentration of reactants. A catalyst lowers activation energy to speed up reactions by providing a reaction surface. Equilibrium occurs when the forward and backward reaction rates match, and it can be influenced by changing concentration, temperature, or pressure to favor one direction.

Uploaded by

Sathish Sarma Sathianarayanan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

questionbase.50megs.

com GCSE Revision Notes

Chemistry Revision Notes – Rates Of Reaction


1. The rate of reaction can be increased by:
• Increasing the surface area.
• Increasing the temperature.
• Increasing the concentration of the reactants.
• Using a catalyst.
2. A catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction by providing a surface for particles to react
on. A catalyst can also slow down reactions.
3. An endothermic reaction cools down (it takes in heat from the surroundings).
4. An exothermic reaction heats up (it gives out heat to the surroundings).
5. The most common example of an exothermic reaction is combustion.
6. Collision theory defines the rate of a reaction – the more that the reactants bump into each other,
the more likely they are to react.
7. Energy bond diagrams:

8. The enthalpy of an exothermic reaction is expressed by –∆H.


9. The enthalpy of an endothermic reaction is expressed by +∆H.
10. Energy is needed to break covalent bonds, i.e. breaking bonds is endothermic.
11. Energy is released when new covalent bonds are made, i.e. making bonds is exothermic.
12. In an exothermic reaction, the energy of the products is less than the energy of the reactants.
13. In an endothermic reaction, the energy of products is greater than the energy of the reactants.
14. Reversible reactions are expressed in the form A + B Á C + D, whereby the top arrow represents
the forward reaction, and the bottom arrow represents the backward reaction.
15. In equilibrium, the forward reaction matches the backward reaction.
16. Equilibrium can be moved to the right or the left by:
• Changing the concentration – this favours the forward reaction if the reactants are increased
in concentration, and the backward reaction if the products are increased in concentration).
• Changing the temperature – this favours the endothermic reaction if increased, and the
exothermic reaction if decreased.
• Changing the pressure – this favours the reaction that produces less volume if increased, and
the reaction that produces more volume if decreased.
17. Adding a catalyst has no effect on the position of the equilibrium, but it allows equilibrium to be
reached more quickly.

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