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Geochemistry Constants and Conversions

The document provides physical and chemical constants, units of measurement, and conversions between units. It includes constants like the speed of light, Planck's constant, Boltzmann's constant, and Avogadro's number. It also summarizes information about the mass, radius, and composition of Earth and the Sun. The document defines standard SI units for measurements like mass, distance, force, energy, pressure, volume, and concentration. It provides conversion factors between common and SI units.

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20 views2 pages

Geochemistry Constants and Conversions

The document provides physical and chemical constants, units of measurement, and conversions between units. It includes constants like the speed of light, Planck's constant, Boltzmann's constant, and Avogadro's number. It also summarizes information about the mass, radius, and composition of Earth and the Sun. The document defines standard SI units for measurements like mass, distance, force, energy, pressure, volume, and concentration. It provides conversion factors between common and SI units.

Uploaded by

suraj46453
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

W. M.

White Geochemistry
Appendix I: Constants, Units & Conversions

Physical and Chemical Constants


Speed of Light (c) 2.998 × 108 m/s
Planck’s Constant (h) 6.626 × 10-34 J/Hz
Boltzmann’s Constant (k) 1.380 × 10-23 J/K
Graviational Constant (G) 6.672 × 10-11 N-m2 /kg
Avagadro’s Number (NA) 6.022 × 1023 mol-1
Gas Constant (R) 8.314 J/mol-K
(1.987 cal/mol-K)
Faraday Constant (F) 96.487 kJ/V-eq.
Electron Charge (e) 1.602 × 10-19 coulombs (C)
Permittivity in vacuum (ε) 8.85 × 10-12 C2/J-m
Dielectric constant of water 78.54

The Earth
Mass of the Earth (M⊕) 5.97 × 1024 kg
Mantle 4.0 × 1024 kg
Core 1.94 × 1024 kg
Continental Crust 2.2 × 1022 kg
Oceans 1.4 × 1021 kg
Atmosphere 5.1 × 1018 kg
Mean Radius 6.37 × 106 m
Radius of Core 3.47 × 106 m
Radius of Orbit 1.49 × 1011 m
The Sun
Mass (MO) 1.99 × 1030 kg
Radius 6.96 × 108 m

SI Units and Conversions

Mass Kilogram (kg)


Pound 1 lb = 0.4535 kg
(1kg = 2.205 lb)
amu (atomic mass unit) 1 amu ≡ mass of 12C atom
1 amu = 1.66 × 10-27 kg
Distance Meter (m)
inch 1 in = .0254 m
ångstrom 1Å ≡ 10-10 m
mile (US) 1 mi = 1609 m
antronomical unit (AU) 1 AU ≡ 1.49 × 1011 m
parsec 1 parsec = 3.084 × 1016 m
= 2.07 × 105 AU
light-year l ly = 6.35 × 104 AU
Force Newton (N)
1 N ≡ 1 kg-m/s2
1 dyne = 105 N
1 dyne ≡ 1 gm-cm/sec2

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W. M. White Geochemistry
Appendix I: Constants, Units & Conversions
Energy Joule (J)
1 J ≡ 1 kg-m2/s2
erg 1 erg = 10-7 J
1 erg = 1 gm-cm2/sec2
calorie 1 calorie = 4.184 J
liter-atmosphere 1 l-atm = 101.29 J
liter-Pascal 1 l-Pa = 99.98 × 10-5 J
electron volt 1 eV = 1.602 × 10-19 J
Dalton 1 dalton = 9.315 × 102 MeV
Volt 1 Volt-coloumb = 1 J
kilowatt-hour 1 kWh = 3.6 × 106 J
Pressure Pascal (Pa)
pascal 1 Pa ≡ 1 N/m2
bar 1 bar = 105 Pa (= 0.1 MPa)
atmosphere 1 atm = 1.013 × 105 Pa
Volume Liter (l)
1 l ≡ 103 cm
1 l = 10 -6 m3
U.S. gallon 1 gal = 3.785 l
Concentration
molarity moles/l (M)
molality moles/kg (m)
1 µM (micromole) = 10–6 M
1 nM (nanomole) = 10–9 M
1 pM (picomole) = 10–12 M
1 fM (femtomole) = 10–15 M

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