CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL
Design a cantilever retaining wall to retain earth embankment 4m high above
ground level. The density of earth is 18kN/m3and its angle of repose is
[Link] embankment is horizontal at its top. The safe bearing capacity of
the soil is taken as 200kN/[Link] the co-efficient of friction between soil and
concrete is [Link] M20 grade of concrete and Fe 415 HYSD bars.
Soln:
Height above ground level = 4m
Density of soil () = 18kN/m3
Safe bearing capacity of soil (p) = 200kN/m2
Angle of repose ( )
= 30
Characteristic strength of concrete (f ck) = 20 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel (f y) = 415 N/mm2
Co-efficient of friction
= 0.5
(i) Dimension of retaining wall
(a) Minimum depth of foundation =
=
(b) Overall height of the wall
(c) Thickness of base slab =
= 1.2m
(H) = 4 +1.2 = 5.2 m
= 433mm say 450 mm
(d) Height of stem (h) = 5.2 0.45 = 4.75 m
(e) Width of the base slab (b) =0.5 H to 0.6 H
= 0.5 H = (0.5 x 5.2) = 2.6 m
= 0.6 H = (0.6x 5.2) = 3.12 m
Provide base width (b) = 3m
(f) Toe projection = (b/3) = (3000/3) = 1000mm=1m
(ii) Design of stem
Height of stem (h) = 4.75 m
Moment (M) = Cp
Cp =
M = (1/3)
= (1/3)
(.)
= 107.17 kN.m
Factored moment = 1.5 x 107.17 = 161 kN.m
Limiting thickness of stem at base is
d=
. .
d = 242 mm
Assumed thickness is more than the limiting [Link] section is under
[Link] effective depth d=400mm at the bottom gradually tapering to
200 mm at top.
d = D Clear cover x 2 d = 450 20 x 2 -
= 400mm
Computing the parameter:
From SP -16 = 0.3 %
=
= 1.00
0.3 x 1000 x 400
100
= 1200 mm2
Provide 16mm @ 150mm c/c
Distribution rod
= 0.12% b D =
x 1000 x 450 = 540mm
Provide 10mm @ 200mm c/c
STABILITY CALCULATION (Pressure distribution at base)
Loads
Magnitude
(kN)
23.75
lar W1 = 0.2x4.75x25
Distance from a
(m)
(0.55+1.1)=1.65
(1.55+0.2+
lar W1 = 0.5x 0.25x 4.75x25
14.84
0.25 ) =1.83
W2 = 0.45 x 3 x 25
33.75
W3 = 1.55x4.75x18
132.51
= 1.5
=0.78
Moment
(kN.m)
39.19
x
27.16
50.62
103.35
Moment due to earth pressure
=Cp
(1/3)
107.06
w 204.87
Distance of point of application of resultant from end a is
Z=
= . = 1.6m
M 326.84
Eccentricity = e = [Z- (b/2) ]=[1.6 (3/2)]=0.1m
(b/6) = (3/6) = 0.5
Therefore e < (b/6)
Maximum and minimum pressure at base are computed as
204.87
(6x0.1)
1 + 3
3
Pmax &min =
Pmax
= 81.95 kN/m2
Pmin
= 54.6
kN/m
(iii)Design of Heel slab
Moments computations are shown in table below
Loads
Magnitude Distance from a Moment
(kN)
(m)
(kN.m)
W3 = 4.75 x 1.55 x 18
132.5
= 0.775
102.7
Self weight of heel slab
17.40
=0.775
13.5
= 0.45x1.55x25
116.2
Deduction
Upward pressure abjh = (54.6x1.55)
Upward pressure jgh= x 1.55x14.13
84.63
10.95
-65.59
= 0.775
(h) =
= 0.52
-5.66
M 44.95
Working moment M= 44.95kN.m
Factored B.M = 1.5x44.95 = 67.42 kN.m
= 0.42
From SP -16 = 0.114% 1< 0.12%
=(
) =(
) = 480 mm2
Main bar- Provide 10mm @ 150mm c/c
Distribution bar- Provide 10mm @ 150mm c/c
(iv)Design of Toe slab
Loads
Magnitude Distance from a Moment
(kN)
(m)
(kN.m)
Upward Pressure cdif = 1x72.83
72.83
= 0.5
36.42
Upward pressure ief
4.56
h = x1 = 0.67
3.06
= x1x9.12
39.48
Deduction
Weight of soil above toe slab =
(0.75x1x18)
13.5
= 0.5
-6.79
Self weight of toe slab= 1x 0.45x25
11.25
= 0.5
-5.6
M 27.13
Working moment M= 27.13kN.m
Factored B.M = 1.5x27.13 = 40.7 kN.m
= 0.25
From SP -16 = 0.114% 1< 0.12%
=(
) =(
) = 480 mm2
Main bar- Provide 10mm @ 150mm c/c
Distribution bar- Provide 10mm @ 150mm c/c
(v) Checking for sliding
Total horizontal pressure ( P) = KA
P=
=81.12kN
Co-efficient of friction () = 0.5
Maximum possible friction force W = x w = 0.5 x 204.87 = 102.43kN
Factor of against sliding =
.
.
= 1.26 <1.5
Shear key is must
If Pp intensity of passive earth pressure developed just infront shear developed
by the value of passive earth pressure is computed as,
If Pp = Kp p
Kp =
= 1
=3
( )
p = 72.83
2
Pp = 3 x 72.83 = 218.49 kN/m
If a is the depth of shear key & assume a=450mm
Total passive force = Pp x a = 218.48x 0.45 = 98.32kN
(vi) Factor of safety against sliding
this W is multiplied by
Pp
FOS =
. .
.
2.47 >1.5
Hence the retaining wall is safe against failure due to sliding. The reinforcement
in stem is extended up to shear key.
(vii) Check for shear stress
Check for shear stresses at junction of stem and base slab
Net working shear force (V) = (1.5 P -w)
P = Horizontal pressure
= Co-efficient of friction
w = Max. Possible frictional force
V = 1.5x 81.12 102.43 = 19.25 kN
Factored shear force Vu = (1.5x19.25) = 28.87kN
Nominal shear stress v =
v = 0.072 N/mm
= = 0.35
From IS 456 -2002 table 19
c = 0.4 > v
Hence shear stress is within the permissible limit.
Hence the design is safe.
![Eccentricity = e = [Z- (b/2) ]=[1.6 – (3/2)]=0.1m
(b/6) = (3/6) = 0.5
Therefore e < (b/6)
Maximum and minimum pressure](/p?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenshots.scribd.com%2FScribd%2F252_100_85%2F356%2F305173760%2F4.jpeg&__src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F305173760%2FCantilever-Retaining-Wall-Example&__type=image)
