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Electric Field Calculation Using Gauss's Law

The document calculates the electric field in different regions outside and within a charged conducting sphere using Gauss's law. It is found that the electric field is 0 within the sphere and proportional to 1/r outside the sphere between the outer radii a and b. The electric potential and capacitance of the spherical capacitor is also calculated.

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Gowrisankar Rao
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11 views2 pages

Electric Field Calculation Using Gauss's Law

The document calculates the electric field in different regions outside and within a charged conducting sphere using Gauss's law. It is found that the electric field is 0 within the sphere and proportional to 1/r outside the sphere between the outer radii a and b. The electric potential and capacitance of the spherical capacitor is also calculated.

Uploaded by

Gowrisankar Rao
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The electric field in the all the region of the sphere can be calculated by using the Gauss

law. Let us assume a Gaussian sphere of the radius r around the sphere.
Calculate the electric filed in the region r a .
1
According to the Gauss law, the electric flux in the region r a is equal to 0 times of the
charge enclosed by the Gaussian sphere.

E dA

1
Qenclosed

...... 1

The total enclosed charge in the conductor is equal to zero.


QEnclosed 0
Therefore, the equation (1) changes as follows:
1
E dA 0 0

E 2 rL 0

Solve the equation for E .


r
E 0
Calculate the electric filed in the region a r b .
According to the Gauss law, the electric flux in the region a r b is as follows:
1
E dA Qenclosed
...... 2
The total enclosed charge is,
QEnclosed 2 aL
Therefore, the equation (2) changes as follows:
1
E dA Qenclosed
1
E 2 rL
2 aL
r
Solve the equation for E .
r
a
E
r
r 0r

Calculate the electric filed in the region b r c .


According to the Gauss law, the electric flux in the region b r c is as follows:
1
E dA Qenclosed
...... 3
The enclosed charge in that region is equal to zero.
QEnclosed 0
Hence, the equation (3) changes as follows:
1
E dA 0
E 0
Calculate the electric filed in the region r c .
According to the Gauss law, the electric flux in the region r c is as follows:
1
E dA Qenclosed
...... 4
The enclosed charge in that region is equal to zero because the capacitor is ground.
QEnclosed 0
Hence, the equation (4) changes as follows:
1
E dA 0
E 0

The following diagram shows the electric field and the distance.

The voltage across the inner and outer sphere can be calculated by using the following
formula.
a
r r
V E dr
b

Substituting the numerical values in the equation, we get


a
a
V
dr
r
b r 0

a a dr
r 0 b r

a b
ln
r 0 a

The equivalent capacitance of the given structure is as follows:


Q
C
V
Substituting the values of Q and V in the above equation:
2 aL
C
a b
ln
r 0 a

C 2 r 0

L
b
ln
a

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