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General Chemistry Thermodynamics Problems

1. Using the temperature change of a calorimeter, the heat capacity, and stoichiometric amounts of reactants, the heat of formation of ammonia was calculated. 2. The terms in the equation ΔE = q + w are explained, with ΔE representing the change in internal energy, q representing heat, and w representing work. The sign conventions for q and w are also stated. 3. The work done by 10.0 g of CO2 subliming against a pressure of 1.00 atm is calculated using its mass, the temperature and pressure change, and assumptions about its behavior.

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14 views2 pages

General Chemistry Thermodynamics Problems

1. Using the temperature change of a calorimeter, the heat capacity, and stoichiometric amounts of reactants, the heat of formation of ammonia was calculated. 2. The terms in the equation ΔE = q + w are explained, with ΔE representing the change in internal energy, q representing heat, and w representing work. The sign conventions for q and w are also stated. 3. The work done by 10.0 g of CO2 subliming against a pressure of 1.00 atm is calculated using its mass, the temperature and pressure change, and assumptions about its behavior.

Uploaded by

eliotshow
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Stoichiometric amounts of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas react in a calorimeter to


produce 5.00 g of ammonia gas. The calorimeter temperature rises 0.42C. The
calorimeter and water have a combined heat capacity of 32.16 kJ/K. Calculate the
heat of formation of ammonia, Hf, in kJ/mol. The formation reaction for
ammonia is: 0.5N2(g) + 1.5H2(g) NH3(g).
2. Consider the equation
E = q + w
Explain fully the meaning of all three terms in the equation, and also the implied
sign convention for q and w.
3. Calculate, in J, the work done by 10.0 g of CO2 when it sublimes against a
pressure of 1.00 atm to form gaseous CO2 at 0.0C. The volume of CO2(s) can be
neglected; CO2(g) can be assumed to behave ideally. The process occurring is
CO2(s)
CO2(g)
4. 1.00 mol of an ideal gas (the system) is heated from 20.0C to 100.0C at a
constant pressure of 1.00 atm.
a. Given that the internal energy of an ideal gas is E = 1 2 RT, calculate E for
this change, in J.
b. Calculate w for this change, in J.
c. Hence, calculate q for this change, in J
5. a. Starting from the equation H = E + PV, show how the relationship H = qp is
derived. Clearly indicate any necessary assumptions or conditions.
b. In one sentence, state in full what is meant by the equation: H = qp.
6. Although internal energy (E) is more fundamental and conceptually easier than
enthalpy (H), in most chemical applications H is more relevant and useful than
E. Why?
7. a. Explain fully what is meant by the term state function.
b. (i) Give two examples of thermodynamic quantities which state functions.
(ii) Give two examples of thermodynamic quantities which are not state
functions.
8. A mass of 1.250 g of benzoic acid (C7H6O2) was completely combusted in a
bomb calorimeter. If the heat capacity of the calorimeter was 10.134 kJ/K and the
heat of combustion of benzoic acid is 3226 kJ/mol, calculate (to three decimal
places) the temperature increase that should have occurred in the apparatus.

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9. The reaction
2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
was studied in a coffee cup calorimeter. 100. mL portions of 1.00 M aqueous
NaOH and H2SO4, each at 24.0C, were mixed. The maximum temperature
achieved was 30.6C. Neglect the heat capacity of the cup and the thermometer,
and assume that the solution of products has a density of exactly 1 g/mL and a
specific heat capacity of 4.18 J/(gK).
a. Calculate the heat of reaction, q, in J.
b. Calculate H, the heat (enthalpy) of reaction, in kJ/mol of Na2SO4 produced
10. Clearly state the thermodynamic standard state of
a. an element or compound.
b. a solute.

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