VIJAYANAGARA BCA COLLEGE

RAICHUR

PROJECT REPORT

ON

INTERNAL PROGRAMS

SUBIMITTED TO THE
GULBARGA UNIVERSITY
GULBARGA

IN THE PARTIAL FOR THE AWARD OF

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

(BCA)
BY

GOPISETTY SHIVA PRASAD

RAICHUR
2009-2010
 VIJAYANAGARA BCA COLLEGE
RAICHUR

CERTIFICATE

Reg No:-0971230

This is to certify that MR. GOPISETTY SHIVA PRASAD has

satisfactorily completed the course of programming in practical by the
GULBARGA UNIVERSITY, GULBARGA FOR BCA IV semester in
laboratory of this department during the year 2009-2010.

STAFF MEMBER IN-CHARGE

PRINCIPAL
1.

2.

EXAMINERS:

1.

2.

Place: Raichur

Date:
[Link] NAME OF THE PROGRAMS SIGNATURE REMARKS

1. THE PROGRAM TO GET

INFORMATION ABOUT STUDENTS

2. THE PROGRAM TO FIND NUMBER

AND COST OF THE PRODUCT

3. THE PROGRAM TO CREATE AN

OBJECT FOR INITIALIZING ITS DATA
MEMBER USING ITS DEFAULT
CONSTRUCTOR

4. THE CPP PROGRAM FOR MULTI

INHERITANCE

5. THE PROGRAM USED TO

ILLUSTRATES THE FRIEND
FUNCTION

6. THE PROGRAM FOR STATIC CLASS

MEMBER

7. THE PROGRAM ILLUSTRATE HOW

AN INTEGER CONSTRUCTED IS
DESTROYED

8. THE PROGRAM FOR STRING

INDEX
C ++ PROGRAMS
GRAPHICS PROGRAMS
[Link] NAME OF THE PROGRAMS SIGNATURE REMARK
S

1. THE PROGRAM TO DRAW A LINE

USING INTEGER ALGORITHM

2. A PROGRAM TO GENERATE A
CIRCLE USING BRESENHAM’S
ALGORITHM

3. THE PROGRAM TO DRAW A LINE

USING DDA ALGORITHM

4. THE PROGRAM TO DRAW AN

ELLIPSE

5. THE PROGRAM TO DRAW A

PATTERN

6. THE PROGRAM TO PERFORM

SCALING

7. THE PROGRAM TO DRAW A LINE

USING BRESHENHAMS

8. PROGRAM TO FIND A BEZIER

CURVE
 C++
PROGRAMS
/* THE PROGRAM TO GET INFORMATION ABOUT STUDENTS */

#include<iostream.h>
class student
{
private:char name[20];
int roll_no;
float percentage;
public:void getdata(void)
{
cout<<"enter the name"<<endl;
cin>>name;
cout<<"enter the roll_no"<<endl;
cin>>roll_no;
cout<<"enter the percentage"<<endl;
cin>>percentage;
}
void printdata(void)
{
cout<<"roll_no="<<roll_no<<endl;
cout<<"name="<<name<<endl;
cout<<"percentage="<<percentage<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
student boy;
[Link]();
[Link]();
}

OUTPUT
Name: ramesh

[Link]

Percentage: 6808
* THE PROGRAM TO FIND NUMBER AND COST OF THE PRODUCT */

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class item
{
int number;
float cost;
public:
void getdata(int a,float b);
void putdata(void)
{
cout<<"number:"<<number<<"\n";
cout<<"cost:"<<cost<<"\n";
}
};
void item::getdata(int a, float b)
{
number=a;
cost=b;
}
int main()
{
item x;
clrscr();
[Link](100,24.65);
[Link]();
item y;
[Link](200,46.34);
[Link]();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
Number:100

Cost: 24.65

Number: 200

Cost: 46.34
/* THE PROGRAM TO CREATE AN OBJECT FOR INITIALIZING ITS DATA
MEMBER USING ITS DEFAULT CONSTRUCTOR */

.#include<iostream.h>
class box
{
private:int length;
int height;
int width;
public:box(void)
{
length=0;
height=0;
width=0;
}
void print(void)
{
cout<<"length="<<length<<endl;
cout<<"height="<<height<<endl;
cout<<"width="<<width<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
box bob;
[Link]();
}

OUTPUT

Length =0

Height=0

Width=0
/* THE CPP PROGRAM FOR MULTI INHERITANCE */

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class M
{
protected:
int m;
public:
void get_m(int x)
{
m=x;
}
};
class N
{
protected:
int n;
public:
void get_n(int y)
{
n=y;
}};
class P:public M,public N
{
public:
void display(void)
{
cout<<"m="<<m<<"\n";
cout<<"n="<<n<<"\n";
cout<<"m*n="<<m*n<<"\n";
}
};
void main()
{
P p;
p.get_m(10);
p.get_n(20);
[Link]();
getch();
}
 OUTPUT

M=10

N=20

M*N=200
/* THE PROGRAM USED TO ILLUSTRATES THE FRIEND FUNCTION */

#include<iostream.h>
class sample
{
int a,b;
public: void setvalue() {a=32;b=64;}
friend float mean(sample s);
};
float mean(sample s)
{
return float(s.a+s.b)/2.0;
}
int main()
{
sample x;
[Link]();
cout<<"mean value="<<mean(x)<<endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT

Mean value = 48
/* THE PROGRAM FOR STATIC CLASS MEMBER */

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class item
{
static int count;
int number;
public:
void getdata(int a)
{
number-a;
count++;
}
void getcount(void)
{
cout<<"count:"<<count<<"\n";
}};
int item::count;
void main()
{
clrscr();
item a,b,c;
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link](100);
[Link](200);
cout<<"after reading data"<<"\n";
[Link]();
[Link]();
getch();
}
 OUTPUT

Count:0
Count:0
After reading data
Count:2
Count:2
/* THE PROGRAM ILLUSTRATE HOW AN INTEGER CONSTRUCTED IS
DESTROYED */

#include<iostream.h>
class sample
{
private:int x;
public:sample(void)
{
x=0;
cout<<"is constructor"<<"x="<<endl;
}
void point(void)
{
x=50;
cout<<"in printx,x="<<x<<endl;
}
~sample()
{
cout<<"in destructor object dies"<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
sample sl;
[Link]();
}

OUTPUT
Is constructed 0

In point x,x=50

In destructor object dies.

/* THE CPP PROGRAM FOR STRING */

#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
class employee
{
private : int employee;
char empname[20];
float salary;
public : employee (int no,char name[],float salary)
{
employee=eno;
strcpy(empname,name);
salary=sal;
}
void display(void)
{
cout<<"employee information"<<employee<<endl;
cout<<"employee code"<<employee code<<endl;
cout<<"employee name"<<employee name<<endl;
cout<<"employee salary"<<employee salary<<endl;
}};
void main()
{
clrscr();
employee emp=employee(1234,"shashi",4000);
emp display();
}
OUTPUT
Employee code:1234
Employee name:shashi
Employee salary:4000

1234
Shashi
4000
 GRAPHICS
PROGRAMS

/* THE PROGRAM TO DRAW A LINE USING INTEGER ALGORITHM */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
main()
{
int a,b;
float e,x,y,dx,dy;
float i;
detectgraph(&a,&b);
initgraph(&a,&b," ");
printf("input x,y,dy,dx\n");
scanf("%f%f%f%f", &x,&y,&dy,&dx);
e=2*dy-dx;
for(i=1;i<=dx;i=i++);
{
putpixel(x,y,3);
if(e>0)
{
y=y+1;
e=e+(2*dy-2*dx);
}
else
{
e=e+2*dy;
}
x=x+1;
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
OUTPUT
Input x,y,dy,dx
20
60
40
80
/* A PROGRAM TO GENERATE A CIRCLE USING BRESENHAM’S
ALGORITHM */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
main()
{
int a,b,k;
float x,y,r,x1,y1,p;
float e,i;
detectgraph(&a,&b);
initgraph(&a,&b," ");
printf("enter coordinates for center point\n");
scanf("%f%f",&x1,&y1);
printf("enter radius for circle\n");
scanf("%f",&r);
x=y=r;
e=0.0125;
k=1;
putpixel(x+x1,y+y1,3);
for(i=1;i<=100;i=i+0.01)
{
putpixel(x+x1,y+y1,k++);
p=x;
x=x+e*y;
y=y-e*p;
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
OUTPUT
Enter the co-ordinates for center point
20
30
Enter the radius of the circle
10
/* THE PROGRAM TO DRAW A LINE USING DDA ALGORITHM */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
int x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,l,i,a,b,x,y;
detectgraph(&a,&b);
initgraph(&a,&b," ");
printf("enter the values of x1,y1,x2,y2\n");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);
l=abs(y2-y1);
if(abs(y2-y1)>l)
{
l=abs(y2-y1);
}
x0=(x2-x1)/l;
y0=(y2-y1)/l;
x=x1+0.5;
y=y1+0.5;
for(i=1;i<=i+1;i++)
{
putpixel(x,y,3);
x=x+x0;
y=y+y0;
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
OUTPUT
Enter the values of x1,y1,x2,y2
30
60
40
80
/* THE PROGRAM TO DRAW AN ELLIPSE */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
main()
{
int a,b,x,y,stang,endang,xrad,yrad;
detectgraph(&a,&b);
initgraph(&a,&b," ");
printf("enter x,y,stang,endang,xrad,yrad\n");
scanf("%d%d%d%d%d%d",&x,&y,&stang,&endang,&xrad,&yrad);
ellipse(x,y,stang,endang,xrad,yrad);
getch();
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT
Enter the x,y,stang,endang, xrad,yrad
120
160
360
60
100
80
/* THE PROGRAM TO DRAW A PATTERN */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
main()
{
int a,b;
detectgraph(&a,&b);
initgraph(&a,&b," ");
setcolor(4);
ellipse(250,250,0,360,150,50);
ellipse(250,250,0,360,50,150);
setcolor(2);
ellipse(400,250,90,180,150,150);
ellipse(250,100,270,360,150,150);
ellipse(250,100,180,270,150,150);
ellipse(100,250,0,90,150,150);
ellipse(100,250,270,360,150,150);
ellipse(250,400,90,180,150,150);
ellipse(250,400,0,90,150,150);
ellipse(400,250,180,270,150,150);
getch();
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT
/* THE PROGRAM TO PERFORM SCALING */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
main()
{
int a,b;
float x1,y1,x2,y2;
detectgraph (&a,&b);
initgraph (&a,&b," ");
x1=100;
y1=100;
x2=200;
y2=200;
rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);
x1=x1*0.5;
y1=y1*0.5;
x2=x2*1.2;
y2=y2*1.2;
rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
closegraph();
}
OUTPUT
*/ THE PROGRAM TO DRAW A LINE USING BRESHENHAMS */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
int x,y,dx,dy,e,a,b,i;
detectgraph(&a,&b);
initgraph(&a,&b," ");
printf("enter the values of x,y,dx,dy\n");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x,&y,&dx,&dy);
for(i=1;i<=dx;i++);
{
putpixel(x,y,3);
e=0.001;
if(e>0)
{
y=y+1;
e=e-1;
}
x=x+1;
e=e+dy/dx;
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT
Enter the values of x,y,dx,dy
20
40
80
60
/*PROGRAM TO FIND A BEZIER CURVE*/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
float n,m,i,k,j;
int a,gd,gm,x[20],y[20];
float p,t,c,d,v,v2,u;
float bnt (int);
detectgraph (&gd,&gm);
initgraph (&gd,&gm," ");
printf("enter the number control points\n");
scanf("%f",&m);
n=m-1;
printf("enter the control points\n");
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
{
scanf("%d%d",&x[i],&y[i]);
circle (x[i],y[i],2);
}
outtextxy (150,150,"bezier curve");
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
line (x[i],y[i],x[i+1],y[i+1]);
for(i=0.0009;i<=500;i++)
{
t=(float)(i)/500.0;
c=0.0;
d=0.0;
for(j=0;j<=n;j++)
{
v=pow(t,j)*pow(1-t,n-j)*bnt(n)/(gd+gm)*bnt(n-j);
c=c+v*x[j];
d=d+(y[i]*v);
}
if(i==0)
moveto (c,d);
else
putpixel (c,d,7);
}
getch();
}
float bnt (int n)
{
int j;
float s=1.0;
for (j=1;j<=n;j++)
s=s*j;
return(s);
}

OUTPUT

Enter the number of control points

6
Enter the control points
320
280
240
320
280
240
160
120
160
220
260
220