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Spanish Basic Course

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186 views699 pages

Spanish Basic Course

58

Uploaded by

Anonymous oRIJYGum
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SPAN / BASIC COURSE UNITS 1-15 ROBERT P. STOCKWELL -- J. DONALD BOWEN ISMAEL SILVA-FUENZALIDA FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C. 1961 DEPARTMENT OF STATE aly Si of Dasani, US. Green iting Oe SPOKEN SPANISH PREFACE Foreign Servic tute = Spantsh Basic Course was first, printed in 1957. The Foreign Service Institute Schoo? ‘WoULd have preferred to rovise the text for this second printing, but the postponement of the task. The revisions contemplated ‘rather than the analysis of Spanish structure. In ‘any case the book renains thoroughly useful and usable, ‘This book was prepared specifically to train officers of the Foreign Service and of other United States Government agencies who are involved in foreign affairs and who noad to leern to speak Spanish. ‘The course 4s designed to be taught by a native speaker of Spanish who has received training specifically in the uso of such materials and sho teaches under the supervision of @ scientific Linguist. Spanish classes at. the Foreign Service Institute normally contain six stuients who receive six hours of class drill deily and are expected to do at least two houre @ day of preparation, mostly practice with apes, With this schedule average ntudents at the Institute require approxinately two to two and a half days to assinilate one Unit thoroughly. The Institute beliaws that the text can be useful in other teaching contexts, with the inportant provisos thet the instruction be carefully supervised by an expe- rienced professional person, preferably with training in linpuistics, and that full use be recuired of the tapes. ‘The tape recordings which accompany this text are not available fron either the Government Printing Offiee or the Foreign Service Institute, Inquiries rerarding tapes should be addressed tot Genter for applied Linguistics U3LE Connecticut Avente, Ne We Washington 6, D. C. oa Pareece SPOKEN SPANISH ‘The text and accompanying tape recordings are also used in part-tine training proprans in Washington ‘and overseas, Although they are not designed for this purpose, they are also used occasionally for indi~ vidual self-study. ‘This manual has been prepared and reviewed by menbere of fifteen different Spanish-speaking countries roprosonting every major dialect area of the Hispanic world. hile it 1s brosdly representative of general Lstin-lnerican Spanish, it is readily adaptable to any particular area. Foreign Service Institute - Spanish Beaic Course was originally prepared by the Spanish staff of the Foreign Service Institute under The supervision of the Linguists whose nanes appear on the title page. In ‘addition the fellovine members of the Spanish staff havo made special contributions to the book? Linguistic staft: Jack L, ish Richard Boym Dorotiy Rauscher Instructional states Quitlemo Segreda Hage Montero Us SPOKEN SPANISH INTRODUCTION ‘The materiale in thie book have been developed to present spanish ao @ spoken language, and the skills of understanding and apeaking are accordingly emphasized. The method of presentation vill Itkely be new to stux Gente acquainted with ore traditional methods of Language teaching. Tn order to understand the materials, one mist first underetand the method upon vhich they are built. Method of Teaching ‘Te method 4e known as GUIIED IMITATION. Tt may spear to be nev, but actually it has been used by a con siderable tumber of teachers for many years, though ite greatest popularity has cone since the second World War. Tts goal se to teach one to speak eastly, fluently, with very Little accent, and to do thie without conscious effort, just as one speake hie ova language without conscious effort. There are tvo very Important aspects of thie method. First, learning a relatively small body of siatertal so well that 1t requires very Little effort to produce it. Tate 0 OVERLEARVIN. If a student overleans every Alalog and drill ae he goes through this book, he will alaost certainly experience rapid progress in learning ‘the language. The second aspect 1s learning to authentically mantpulate the sounds, sequences, and patterns of the Lan- guage. The imporeant implication here ie the reality of both the model and the imitation. The model (teacher, Fecording, ste.) mist provide Spanish as people really spenk it in actual conversations, and the student must be helped to an accurate imitation, Above ell, the normal teapo of pronunciation must be the claseroom standard; sloving dom ie, in thie context, distortion. The complete course consists of sixty untts, each requiring some ten class and laboratory hours plus out= side study to master. The course is a eix-hundredchours couree which may be studied intensively over @ period Of about six monthe, or may be spread at the rate of a unit a veek over a period of sixty weeks (four college Senesters). Either a native speaker or a teacher vith very little accent in bis Spanish 1e necessary as the model for inttation. Pronunciation Te firet tvo unite are focused primarfly on prosunctation problems. Drills on other aspects of the 1an- guage are deliverately postpoved becatize of the inportance of developing good pronunciation habite fron the very Degtnsing of the course, Pronunciation 1s extremely important. It 1s the basis of all real fluency. A person is readily able to understand anything he can meaningfully say bingelt, 1f the correlation between the way he heare it and the vay he says it lo reasonably similar, Probably the more cimilar, the greater the ease of com prehension. 0 IeTRODUCTION SPOKEN SPANISH ‘The basis of the student's imitation is of course the teacher, vhose pronunciation, Sf he 1e a native speaker of an acceptable dialect of his ovn country, 1s the ultimate source of authority. The fundanental Classroom procedure for learning sev material throughout this book (except the reading materials) 48 repetition ay the student {n direct mediate imivation after the teacher. ‘The imitative repetition may at first te done 4 chorus after the teaclier, end oubsequently by each individual, or {t may be individualized from the start. In either case the student should walt for the teacher's model. "Imitating after another student too frequently results in compounding the errore of both. If a pergon ts fortunate enough to begin studying a second Language ‘before the age of eight or ten, the powers of imtation are nomally sufficient to ingure excellent resulte in promusciation without resorting to technical explanations of what happens to various parte of the vocal appar% tus. If occasionally an individual has managed to retain this gift that all of us haa in childhood, 90 much the better, but most adulte need mre specific guidance based op an avareness of the particular problems of producing particular sounds. The drills and explanations in the first tvo unite are devoted to the specific problens an Boglich speaker with his Suglish habite of pronunciation wili have in accurately imitating the Sounds and sequences of sounds of Spanish. ‘Aids to Listening If speukers of English vere not so highly Literate, it might be possible to teach effectively without ref erence to any written symbolization, but most students are mich more confortable 17 some kind of representation of vhat they are initating 1s also available for visual reference, ‘here 1s, of couree, a traditional writing system for Spanish which 1s used in all parts of the Spanich speaking vorid. Tt is a very adequate syeten for its purpose, which alght be stated as providing visusl cues for persons vio already speak the language. For pedagogical’ purposes, a respelling, or phonetic representation of Spanish 1s also provided as a means of re- Binding the student Of important features of the pronunciation whieh the traditional spelling eysten does not provide, such as significant sound distinctions, vord groupings, intonation patterns, ete. The phonetic 6ym Gollzetion may st first lock usfaxtliar and goncwhat foreboding, but thia very unfamiliarity is a healthy re minder that none of the English sounds (vaich are so easily associated with the familiar letters of the alpha- bet) are exact duplications of the Spanish gounts to ve mastered, This de ales, of course, true fn the re- spelling wien familiar cysbols are used: the appearance of the letter t does uot mean the fwsiliar English t~ sound Se indlested, ‘Tee Antonations are marked in the respelling by & system of dots and accents placed at relative hetghts over the vowels. The patterns recordea in this way are uot necessarily the only possibilities in epaken Spanteh, ‘but they are ali normal patterus which have been thoroughly and widely tested. SPOKEN SPANISH INTRODUCTION ‘Te symbolization tn the respelling will allow for a consistent interpretation of the pronunciation of any dialect area of the Spanish speaking yorld. For example, the // symbol is to be interpreted as a sound similar to the 'e' of ‘eink’ in Spanish fmeriea, but as the 'th' of "thisk’ in Central Spain. Other regional pronunciation features are eimilarly marked, ‘the acquisition of @ good pronunciation 4¢ first of all the result of careful Listening and imitation plus whatever help can be obtained trom initial pronunciation drills and description, and from the cues provided for Continuing reference by the aids to Listening. Tt ts well to renember that a sizeable investnent in pronunciation practice early in the course will pay andeone dividends later; correct pronunciation eafely relegated to habit Leaves one's Tull attention avatlable for other problens of learning the language. Every unit (after the first two) 42 organized in the ease way: part one Le the basic dialog with @ fev pertinent notes; part two is gramar drills and discussion; part three is a set of recombination narratives and Gialogues; part four, beginning 1m Unit 16, 1s readings. Basic Dialogs ‘Tne baste dialogs are the core of each unit. ‘These dialogs are recreations of the real situations a etu- dent is most likely to encounter, and the vocabulary and sentences are those he 1s most likely to need. The @talogs are set in a mythical country called surlandia, vhich 1s described as a typical Latin Aperican republic, Ansofar as it 1s possible to extract ccmon features from so diverse an area, To further provide information in context, many of the notes suggest regions] differences 1a both the language and the culture that will be encountered in various areas of latin jaerica and in Spain. In the first part of the book nev vocabulerly is introduced mainly in the baste dialogs. Occasionally, 1a the slluetrations of gramar points, nev words are introduced in order to fill out patterne needed to do the exercises. New words are alvays clearly indicated by placing then on a line themselves, indented between the Lines that are complete sentences. since each nev word is introduced in thie fashion oply once, the student should take patne to be gure he learns each word as it te preseuted. Careful pains have been taken to sce that ‘each word Introduced Will reappear many times later in the course, to help the student assinilave each word in a variety of contexte, ‘The student ghould very carefully learn both the Lfteral meanings of each individual vord or phrase that te given on an indented Line and the meaning that appears in the full sentences. Tt should not be cause for con Cera if the meaning in context 1s strikingly different from the literal meaning. In the construction of ench Atalog, the Spanish vac written first, and the corresponding English 1s ite closest equivalent and not a literal translation. It is therefore not at all surprising if the Spanteh does not seen to ‘follow’ the English. os. INTRODUCTION SPOKEN SPANISH The student should learn the basic dialogs by heart. If they are comitted perfectly to rote nenory, the Grits will go easily and rapidly. oughly half of the estimated ten hours that are spent in class on each unit ehould normally be devoted to the bacic dialogs. Drills and Grammar Each unit can in cone ways be likened to a misical theme with variations, The basic dialogs are the theme, fend the drills provide the variations, Patterns of the structure of the language vhich have been learsed in the ‘baste sentences are expanded and manipulated in the drills. There are four kinds of drilis in each unit (three before Unit 6). Of these, tvo are designed to systen- atically vary selected basic sentences within the structure and vocabulary the student has already learned, And two are oriented tovard the etructure of the Language to provide a systematic coverage of all important patterns, Ail of these drille are planned to be eastly and reptdly answered. ‘They can be done orally and vith only ‘the teacher's book open. The method of conducting the drill is clearly shown by the format of the text, and all anevers are available for the teacher's convenience and for the student to refer to when studying outside of clase. Ifa drill is found to be hard, the difficulty probably reflects inadequacy in the mastery of the din- logs and earlier drills. The drills are not problens to be vorked out Like mathematics, and the ability to do them, not to figure thes, 1e Indicated by the nature of the course, There are uo tricks in thea, and they are not intended as test Pattern drills are presented in a format whitch provides both practice and explanation. First appears a presentation of the pattern to be drilled, then various kinds of drills, and finally @ more detailed discussion of the pattern, ‘The presentation consists of a Listing of basic sentences (and a few nev sentences vhen necessary) which Auiustrate the gramar point to be drilled, Then there ie an extrapolation vaien shove the relationships tn- volved in the pattern in a two-dimensional chart, which is further explained by a short note or two. This pre sentation should provide sufficient elues to enable the @tudent to understand and use the pattern correctly tp the deille that follov. ‘These drills are mainly exercises making substitutions, responses, and tranelations, highlighting the gramar points covered. They are devised for oral answers to oral stimuli. After the drille there 4¢ @ more detatled dtecussion of the pattern drilled, ‘These descriptions are written In a condensed and comeviat technical fashion. While an effort vas mde to keep these Giecusaione 06 ‘SPOKEN SPANISH INTRODUCTION clear and readable, 1t has to be recognized that a description of @ language is a technical subject, and sim plification can only be attained by sacrificing accuracy or at a cost of great many nore vords than space allows. The student vho worke through these dtscusstons by @ careful reading will find that be 1s acquiring a set of analytical tools that will be useful throughout the remainder of hie career of interest in Language. ‘The student may notice slight differences in the respelling used tn the ads to Listening and in the gran mar charts and discussions. The respelling useful as a guide to pronunciation for an English epeaking stusent, records nore details than a respelling to be used in gramar discussions vhere comparisons are nade betveen Spanish forms, not between Bnglish and Spanish promunciation. Conversation ‘The conversation section of each unit 1s designed to help bridge the gap between the more or lese mechanteal stimlus-response activity of the drills and the skill of free conversation which is the ultimate aim of the course. These reccsbination monologues and dtaloge extend the abilities of the student into ever more natural ‘situations. The narrative ie an anecdote type description of an event or situation which ie then recast as & Girected dialog in which the teacher acts as a prompter for students Who take the parts aa the acters, The promp- ver gradually withdraws his help so that in the end the conversation is carried on freely. Readings Beginning with untt 16 reading materiale are introduced for outelde preparation with perhaps som classroom Giscussion of the questions provided, These readings can aleo be used to provide content information for oral sumaries. ‘Up through unit 30 the readings tell a continued story about an snerican family Living in Surlandia, ex- anding on matters of interest hinted at in the basic dialogs, Those require no new vocabularly except for easy ‘and obvious cognate loan vords that can readily be guessed, From unit 31 through 60 the readings are much longer ‘and do Introduce @ considerable number of nev vords, ‘hie Vocabulary {8 introduced through baste sentences which Sumarize the content of the folloving reading. ‘The readings are designed to provide information of interest and value about the culture which the Spanish Language reflects and to provide insight into the practical problens an American Le Likely to encounter in ad- Gusting to life ins Hispanic area, on ‘SPOKEN SPANISH conrents, ‘Table of Contents Basic Sentences - Useful phragee... Brille 1a prommetation. Vowet contrast to weaksstressed syiiatice,:. the strese systen in Spanish. viernes The intonation system in Spanish... BRREE Basic sentences - Useful phrases. Drille os promietation. : typleat errors fron ingliah vowel Tofluence ip sinitarseounding words... Yotced stop consonants, no Vivrante./x/ ana. /rx/ ia Spanish. Yoel miclet in Spanish. lateral /1/ tn spanish. Votceless topes. Yoiseless apiranta.. Nesale and paletals Coneluston. Trelis aod gramae. Pattern arti 1 Sone desonstratives BERR Basie sentences - White's arrival in Surlandie. Hrilis and gramar. Pattern arti BERRA SRRRREr Replacement arilis. Variation drills. Conversation atimaius, Basic sentences - White meets Molina at the Enbassy. Trille and gramer, Pattern drills... aL Mumber in nouns and adjectives. "2 te tereguian verb /estée/. Replacesent rilis. | 5 BERRY SbRREBHE SRRBB Er SPOKEN SPANISH Variation dritle....+. Conversation etimlus, Basic sentences - Walte's first day at works. +. Brille and grammar... Pattern drills. ‘The trregular verb Jar/.. Replacenent arilis. Variation drille,- Conversation stimius, REEOOSE Bo Baste sentences - waive and Wolina have 2unch together. Drille and gramar. . Pattern artis. Frocont tense fms’ of regular’ /dr/"verbe Replacement drills. Variation drille.- Review drill - Use 6: Conversation stimulus. « BRRERROE nite articles Baste sentences - White end Molina look for an apartment. Drills and grammar. Pattern drille...s sc. one Present tense forms of regular /-ér/ verbo... ‘The danonstratives /éste, ése, akél/.. Replacement drills. Variation drills. Review drill - the distribution ot’ /ade/'“'eotde/..- Conversation stimilugs..-+-+-+++s SBERERDOE asic sentences - Molina tells White about his ostgitors! apartment. Drills and gramer. 5 Pattern drills... Present tense forms of regular /fz/‘verbs... ‘The obligatory contractions... Replacement drills. Variation drills... Review aril - Toup-adjective agrecenst... Conversation stimulus, REBRE DOL ‘SPOKEN SPANISH gen 9.2 grat pony gate 9.22 9.23 orak 9:3 to. 10.2 10.22 rot. 10.212 10.213, 10.22 10:83 10.24 10:3 ma une at iat iian2 ule nies nak 3 aa aie aia Wala a2, lai lasic sentences ~ Witte goes to Wolina's apartzent. Drills and grammar...... Pattern drills. ‘the irregular verb /abér/ and regular /-d0/" tors {io the present perfect. construction, Possessives ~ full forms. Replacement drills... Variation drill Review drill - Mjective position, Conversation stimlus. Baste sentences = Yoltna explains vhere be sends bis Lamdry.. Pattern drilleye.-.s. Personal /a/. : Direct elitic yronoune.- : {-to/ forns Tunctioning as modifiers. Replacenent dritte, pomene Variation drill, Review drill - Theae clacs in present tenee forme... Conversation etimlus. : Basic sentences - White interviews a mala. Drills and gramar...... 7 Pattern drille Possessives ~ shortened forms... ‘The negative particle vith verbs. Replacenent drills....2-+++ Yetiation drille...- Review drill - Unemphatte ‘somes say! fron Raghishe Conversation etimilus..» 5 Basic eentences - Yo vater in wtte!s epartsent.. Drills snd grammar, . : Pattern drilie. Subject. pronoune..- ; Prozouns after phrase relators. Components of phrases......++ 3 2 2 21 2b asia 2213 233 " ‘SPOKEN SPANISH Replacement dritie, Variation driils, Reviev drill - sijective agrevmeat in reaoie position... Conversation etimilus. asic sentences - tte and Yolina go to # party. Drills and gramar....... Pattera drills. /— néo/ forse aid’ the ‘preceat progressive contruction... Possessive constructions with /ae/.. — Voninalized possessive constructioas... Question intonation patterns ~ Information questions Replacement drtlie.. Variation driils, Review drill - Placemat of magative particle. Conversation stimilus. Basle sentences - Colonel Harrie taike about hie family's arrival Drtlls and grammars... . Pattern ariile. Present tense forms of the irregular veree /iry” dar, ber he pertphrastic future construction. . Question intonation patterns ~ Yes-n0 questions, Variation arélla,. s+ Review drill - Theme class ia /-46/ "toms of verbs... Conversation stimulus. Basic sentences - re. larrie goes ‘ero custons. Drills end greamar.. 5 Pattern drills. : Tadirect elitic pronouns - one object. sos. Indirect elitie pronouns = two objects ..-. Guestion intonation patterns = Yea questions Replacement, drills. - Variation artiie : Review drill - Posseasive constructions.» Conversation stimuluss «= 088K Lovee eeseeeeeseeeeens $Bbabadang 20000 Ince In 2.8 12.39 rails ais a. a5 BS 33.5, [Link] Beat et BB 13.39 als 36 aba. 7 int wet 1h18 126 abst ais esas 35.1 355 35.5 355. Bab 15.23 1.2t 5.33 15:38 15.39 ALL ara A139 SPOKEN SPANISH 1.1 BASIC SENTENCES. Usefal pases, ENGLISH SPELLING (am Gos) well thanks aod Fm fine, thane, How ae you? {AD TO LISTENING bwendzaaist bwenozdais |stnyért bwenastaréés |stqy6rat bwenaznochés |sényoritat kom + estab estar t astée 4 kongestaystéa dstoyd estard byént araqyast a estybyén [grégyas |yostect un 1 SPANISH SPELLING Bueson dias, Beence den Doenes tarde, sefora. Buenas noches, sei ime sth (oat) vated Chino ens uted? (eae) can Eatoy bien, paca, gy med? 1a UNIT 1 wy Very wel, than hello, bi wha such it How goes i” (3 goes Go go) to yout) goes low ae you getting slong? Pine, thank. with the perminsion Exeate me. Consinly ‘excate (to excane) a Excune ne. muy} miybyen lordgyast oat ke-talt oust ketal! bat Set e-bat komolebat byenlorSgyast ght ai-pérmisdt kémparmisbt dispensét dispénsart dispensémst ‘SPOKEN SPANISH any May bin, grcian hola ett Moat Ove vl? ve Ge) w Bien, gracias, l permiao Con permino. Ciao ne, iapenne (iapennae) Dispénome ‘SPOKEN SPANISH 1) reget (Go eoget 10 fee) ime, Lote, 00 muck You're welcome. thore ie, there are hereto be) Dow ve ita thoaght. (8) © wa (eo wast) to present le-syéntoh séntitt michd + Ldsyentombcnd + astabyént muchas} mochazgrégyast ast nagat dénatat ay} awed ngayteké + kyerd} kerért préséntart préséntarlé+ UN lo siento (eens) imcho Le siento mucho. Bath bie Muchas gracias. ae De asia. hay haber) No hay de us. ‘uiero (quere) peseotar peseotaele unr 1 the (mg) Take to presente Motion toyon. the (ag) 17 Uke to poment Ma. Me the ploanure Glad to weet you quay equal) Same bes achasted Go eachast) tomect, get acqunited, to know tamect yout) ry a ay ay kyero [préséntarlg |alséqy6rm6indt aat kyéro [présintarlg |alaséqyéraaénd1ina} bl-gistdt mGchdgusté + Sowalmentds towait Agwalmenté |gr4gyaet dnkantaas 4 enkantdrt kbndgert kéndgerlat SPOKEN SPANISH a a (icra presentarl al netor Qsieo peseatarle de Molina cl gusto Macho geet. igualnente (gual) Tgoelment, gracias. ‘encantade (gncatar) comecers cuATRO ‘SPOKEN SPANISH UNIT 1 Delighed to meet you (6) dokantado ladkéndgerlat Encattade de conocerla. tomeet you (m.) kendgerlo} conocerlo Glad to weet you 6) méchdgueto laskéndgerlé4 Macho gueto de concerto, Goodbye, aayds 4 Adib asl astat tomar migyandt See you ono. istiminysnat sta ata thn, ee iweg8t ee So long. Astalwegd4 asta luego 110 Notes om the baatc ) /6La 4 K6t81 4 / Hola! sud tal? in a greoing generally sed with « pes aod who occupies on whor you already know mire than caoually, us approtinately equivalent to yours @ /kompermiso + / Con pemiso in med to excuse youself when, for example, you are on an ele 1d need to aguoeze between ater people who rein fant af . in onder to get out; or, when you want to excuse yourself fom a group you are talking with. Ie i not ordinarily interchangeable with /daspénseme 4 / dispéaseme, ‘cinco 1s. unr a ‘SPOKEN SPANISH @) /d1spénseme +/ dtepensene i weed as apology fr mine beach of etiquette, to interapt «conversation tow ‘hing, ee sho some (€) Note thet /aichast/ muchas ‘many’ ie simpy the piel ofa werd /mScho!/ macho ‘nach’ tht you alae met inthe plrane /michogGstot/ macho gust. The /—6/ in the plural par, while the /—8/ beter the /—8/ (8) /ngSydek6!/ No hay de qué is used when the other person the name an /donddiat/ De nada sks you fer some sual fer you have done fr hin; it in about (© Jorkantédo|dekonogér lay Encanto de conocer i se a mas) If you area wom, Treat frm in ws sod you should not learn thi sentence to use yourself. /mSchogiisto | dekonogérlot/ Muclo gusto de conocelo is what you /mschogsto} / acho geet. Ie Spi (ik you re ead of /Lo/ youssy /—Le/, another ms, o elae jut the sheet foem 1.2. DRILLS ON PRONUNCIATION 1.21 Vowel contanta in weakeatensed syllable of thin anit, you ould have been repeatedly coreced fr your promunca men co ~ 2. sbpyort | 3. bwenastaraget ae ae 4. sbayorat a a 1s SEs SPOKEN SPANISH uNT 1 5+ bwanaznochdst 6. gragyast 7. dispensénas 8, michBegragyast 9. présdntarlat to. mblina} 11, Sstamapyand + 12, dstalwaggt tttter es t tie perfectly noeal foe you to have touble with theae vowels, because, as the dats over them indicate, they are all ander weak stress ach vowels do not occur ander weak stress in English in positions where one of helping you to master thse vowels ander weak stress, They in pairs of words such thatthe only difference betneen the membees of cack pir ini the ponusciation of one wekatressed ch apc of words ia called & mininally contrasting pi. Practice cepeaing these alter your iatractor wt yo can make th contrast carly, jotta be does reacting them with you util they do came easly ‘SIETE uw UNIT 1 SPOKEN SPANISH [Link].4 Exercases on minamal vowel contrasts under weak stress /a/ and /e/ an contrast under weak stress seea t seaat pilcht palont spa sap 4 fated fata t iota + ote 4 thnyie + tiny nosis} nests} papitet papitet bochat boch& t gaits) 1adieed tinta t tintat askupat Sskopas chincha $ chanch&} qokets + abketad kortat kortat a1inbra $ alimbrd + sobras $ sobrést frangesds | frangesdst ise 4 basa 4 kantords + kantonge$ mand 4 mind 4 birreta + birrete + mchoh 4 machdh + sényoras + sényorgs + thchar + eden + pastoris + pastorgst tachdh t tBchdnt markadd + ngrkadé 4 panait pana apaode + apoar $ tahdn tanh t portigesds4 ‘cto SPOKEN SPANISH uN 1 /a/ and /4/ an contrast under weak stress appar labar $ panyal + pinyal + patch + pith + masitat misita + naar 4 nigar lateray litera matsa $ mitde$ salere+ sileré + charlar + chirléy + pakete + pikets + pangoht. pingont f8harén$ fiharénd pasands + pisando + m&)yatort may secret /a/ and /o/ an contrast under weak stress ara t aro t kipad kis tit tig kona} kokat gerat serat karat karat pesat pesdt parat pardt pasat paso} china} ching + naiat mais} kantat kantos mesa nosh manta mantd4 maya mayd + sora} sorrdt polat boig + NUEVE, 19 santa + sweord + negra + palnd + pasta + rrem 4 kobrat nyetat indyat kalord asposa$ Jaf and pahar + tarda + eapias + papita + pf santa + dérecha + swogra eisarra + negr 4 maria} palng + sapata } pasts 4 érmand + ‘romp + mimosa + rem + pareha + kobra $ mired } temerkt geresat @yansaa Lakonikat an contrast under weak stress puhdr + danerd 4 tarda $ karakas + stbito 4 barrita + papita + pargitat SPOKEN SPANISH dérechs + sigarnst ngriat gépatet érmang | mimos3 4 parehd $ néreg J témera 4 séresd } yanaad 4 Lakonikd 4 Adnérd} kgorakas } birrita 4 pargaita | buez SPOKEN SPANISH ONCE malagd 4 kanita lanita + malita t Je/ and /a/ pani patont pélént taldnt rand nbsoré 4 /e/ and fof pasa + toma + fama + bing + malags + konita 4 dgnita + mglita + kanyaaé + margyand + paliads+ matagort an contrast under weak stress pang} pitch 4 pileh + thldn t rrinaet miserdt pasaad + parita + pésaaé + pésarén + m&Qyae } panyita + an contrast under weak stress pasd t tong | fund + bing + pepé + tina + kana + pina t kinyads + mirgyand + paliads + motaade | plsaas + pirita + pisada + pisarént aiiyaet pinyitat pepat tit kavat bina + UNIT 1 UNIT 1 1a Lechd 4 trend + eengt tena} kyerd + peyng + kobrd + kanta + Wyong + manda. + kambyd + kompra. + palart néntch + /e/ and tamer b Lagat + achat + f/f dechd. + Lésyon + trang ngsita + dens panitay tenat bated + kyérd pasaait peynd + armita} kobra $ ggrritat kanta + kéntesta + Myers. + t&rnerd + manda + gerrite t kanby3 + konforma + kompré, + akLips& + polar} trébahg $ mintdn + prépésigych + an contrast under weak stress tamer | garrart Aigae 4 Agchéh Aiichate fastint SPOKEN. SPANISH Agsyn + mggita + ponitas bataas 4 pasagst Srmita + oorritat kéntestat aorritst kémforng + deripss + trbbang + prgpéstgydn + gOrrar} Agchdn + fOstint SPOKEN SPANBH TRECE sBkayon 4 pénsyoh 4 ngsita 4 qglite 4 garkats} thrkito + [and /o/ tind 4 figch + Lisa + mira + misyon 4 ‘trinkar + mayer + Ja] and /o/ Lagat + miron + sakgydn + pénsaaé phngysh + tenders mgsitat pacherd + aglites parita $ sirkaadt rrgtinat tOrkits + alae $ an contrast under weak stress tond 4 miraea t fdgch + pikite + lgsaet pisaaat mazar + tirits+ magydn + nites ‘trdnkar | Amite + maQ)yae + tintisind | an contrast under weak stress Liga + mire $ march + pinygh UNIT 1 gas 4 as tinderd 4 plicheré 4 piritat reiting + angart torits 4 nite 4 Bmitd t téntisind | mira pinydn + UNIT 1 La bidyar 4 baMyar 4 pingsh + pingsh pintér } pintér 4 fAsyont fOsyon 4 fighit $ fghir + misitay misita 4 Amite 4 nits 4 mite 4 mglita + dinosd+ tgnosé + tinérd 4 tineré 4 filera + fMlerd + grkitet sirkite + minita + chincheré + nitoss + pityendd + rrinita + mirahés + pintaea rrikita + birlagdr + pirita + Linarés + Jo/ and /v/ an contrast under weak stress tore 4 tind + bowen $ baka + diated alate + tronkar $ tronkér } agnita + dunita 4 Smits + mbnité + pldmere + mggita + rrokita ¢ SPOKEN SPANISH minita + chinchéré + nitosd $ pbayendé + rramita 4 mirahés + pantaaat rrikita + birleadr + purita + Linarés} Gnite 4 minita + plineré 4 mdsita + rrikita + caToRCE SPOKEN SPANSH ow 1 sgtanat gitanal mgtilart mitilart poratét porated Akésaet Skasaet easion of mininal vowel content under weak areas English speaker of course alo dia wih words in this same eisimel way -pt, pet, pot, pot, put, put, for example-bt oly carly ander weak stress, That is, English bas sinilar differences only in syllables that are noticeably louder ta any ofthe Spanish syllables you have been practicing. The underlined vowels inthe following English words ace al be some vowel sound in actual speech, ao mate how they are pled. presadent precedent bottom plot em warden pardon ‘They would not be the same in pani By careful repetition ofthese Spanish words after @ mative peater, and by sbaerving claely the point af diference between each pie, you can beg to hear and, having Beard, to imitate dilerences of type aod feguensy that arg talking strange to an Eaglish apenker's may of In lerning the Basie sestences you were grabably alaocorected fr placing too mich stress on some eyables, too lite stress oe Engl lated inthe “Aide tha have loderatese anda dot /*/ over the vowels tht have softer arene. Re will ‘others. There are ay two levels of srene in Spas ce accent / “Zover call these STRONG STRESS and. WEAK STRESS. as four, as we will discover. These two levels are Listening’ by uiice Pot UNE 1 SPOKEN SPANISH Oe is ‘och of them th right strength. Lets examine these two aspects one a a tine. 0 get the two trons placed 0 ght oyllables. The other i to make ‘The followieg pies of worde differ only inthe placemen® of ste oe, the difference in meaning that reese is considerble, 1.22.1 Exercises on minimal stress contrasts a. Gata *thas! bstat hast 2, inglast groans tnglést *Englash! 3. asd} ‘monetary unat* pésst ‘he weaghed* 4. pers} *bolt! pémét ‘a kand of wane! Ss pakbt tpeak? pike the stung’ 6. balast "bucket paladt ‘1 erappled* 1, bret "ook! Mbrét the freed 8. arat taltert ard the wall dot 9. drat topent aprat ‘there wall bet 1.22.2 Diaceason of mininal tres contests In shat, you ca be eather detically mieundegtood lace the stresses carectly when you speak. This, of cowseyis alas a i English, but ect a obviously tre in view ofthe pester complenty ofthe English stress ayatom. We have in English alo fai mmber of item hich can have the streaeo arranged ia moe than oe way addrdsst or addrdsst Caribbédnt or Caribbéant 16 DIECISEIS ‘SPOKEN SPANISH UNIT 1 Chiléén} or Chilédnd New Orlddne} or Naw Orlednst ih (1tke /€sta—/esté/), we may at way that English does not, bt thi a nt true Since we donot bave as many ice neat minal pits in Eagiah a tore ate ia feat be deceived int thinking tat Spanish anes sirens ‘The other important thing 1 earn in dellng on steens isto stress syllables with the eight amoust of force or strength, I is at this point that the fow steoses of English interfere withthe uo stresses of Spaniah. Lat us frat learn what the four stresses of English ae. Listes youself way his pirase: elevator ~ operator. elevator. syllable loadest? op~ is operator. Mi write «grave accent: ‘Then we can hour that — vat — and —rat— are about equally lod, but softer thas Oy 40 me Slevdtor — Sperdtor DIECISETE, lar oN 1 SPOKEN. SPANISH ‘Tie ayllables tha ae loft over are the weakest, 2 we write: GrBvatSe — SpBrdtde Tn doing thin we bave marked four lavele of arena, which we can labels secondary — Sp - Fete primary - eho tertiary — vat~ rate weak but every Eagliah speaker (naive) mes all owe quite regularly and wnconscioualy ‘Thin copronente great many diferent levee of stron over tne be makes an etervace. allct you Spaniak? If we remember tht Spank only bas TRO strensen, then it seems likely that Nm, how do these four English sre oui gt yor FOUR wid up wh thee toy ih heath ou wl pt touch tent on une slabs, nt eon ot tes. The strong /“/ Tertiary ‘, aad Weak /*/ Weak /*/ eciocH0 SPOKEN SPANISH on 1 Lets lok back now a the bane nemtences and see if aay of the difcstie you had with them canbe raced to this difference between the two language. RIGHT YOUR PROBABLE ERACR 1. kémpérnisot Kapéemist 2. dispensémét dispensém’t préséntarlét préséntarlét laséqyorademolinal LaségyBraddnblinat igalméntl igwalmentet 6. ankantagst aokantaadt Astamagyanat Astémdgyanat ne we conaker thi very impatant post indeed, and because itis « plat which ie rarely drilled elecwerey we have pat together the following lug Hit sranged according &o the nember of eylablen and placement of wren. Until you can aay thee weg only the two stresses tht are naked intend ofthe fow of English you connet expect to go on and leara complex wterances succenallly. Time peat prcticing then, therefore, willbe very well spente 1.228 Exercies on contrasting strns paterae oa +4 rohit kombt Sts kbldet michdt — gustdt kalér! — asteat tanto! —bwendt estoy! aaydst astal —— wegot sénydrt korteet aondet — frasést rragdnt — fimdrt DIECINUEVE 1s UNIT 1 120 Fomd | danys + tengd 4 anyd + target apray bisa} taksi + veld + gerka + fast rrapiad + lastima 4 fosfore syentése denans + nike + barbard + megikd + ayerkdits + sabacd + gentind + aA trabana + sblusde + manyana + séayord difigil molesta dskuché béntana minutds tiketés géntabss + pasar} api | abgix + eyeada + séxbir + SPOKEN SPANISH fabor | perddn 4 bistét tambyén + gerrar } trabah bragycn} anténdér + éspagysit awtdbus + astagych} koragon + saoadr + rragilde + kondger 4 parégway VEINTE SPOKEN SPANSH VEINTIUNO sanyicha 4 Ultiné 4 proksimd + Lead aigimeld + prostéséi6 tombsé16 + traygimeld + beasele + kwontén6i6 + dandémeis + byendaseie + kambyénsis + sakésdié + mmepaselé + subandlas + komasé1d + buskameis + peletés + sébemds + cyegaaat atast telefens + simpatike + degiaase + magnifike $ michisin + prépositd + fanatiks + péndonéne + altingtré + figiress + amerika + milesing+ tantisind + bwenisiné + ow a Bragway + salpaade + kéntéstar + aatet see telegrana trapaharé 4 inmeayata 4 kaswalieds + dbspeaiaas + Linérdgydn + absolute apiliads 4 sdfigyenté + kéminikaet préséntarié + ferrdkarril sénybrita + mantaliags + kdndgyends + Agrikaltdr + aasiante + antonagydn + eenasyaad + enkentrard + pandrana 4 kaminaré + ménégrana 4 andrigde 4 enténdsad 4 amandger 4 kémfindias + fagilitérs heneraligagydnt iddntigikagyont kondgyendbsét agerkanddsat prégydsisindt préséntandélét printrisim6t Enkontranddlat natraligagydnt —rréspénsabilia: préséntagyonést anérikandt Lapbratorydt kémbérsagyonést konséxbstory6t kamiséraat éopéqySligagyont Anstitagyénaliasal dakontémindgydnt imprésyénabiliaged a konstittgyénaliadat rrékapitolagydnt —rréspétabiliadat sipérnatiréliasat kapitaligagyont — irrégulériadat Agwalmentét aktwalnentat Sswalmentél korayaimentat Lat déskapitaligagyont SPOKEN SPANISH antérybriaaat postéryériaaat kristaligagydnt Kéminikagydnt nagydnaliadat Srgiméntagyont a4 ddenatdrsligdgydnt Ampérséndligdgycnt agriktltoriggydnd anbrikinigagyant sbpérbliméntagycnt hénéralmentét téralmentél matéryalmentét elsbnyorkartért vEIVTIDOS SPOKEN SPANISH UNIT 1 sépyorkartér} —stnyorkastré} —Alsényorkastré! —_éspgyalmentél doktorkampss} sagt innbralmentéd alkblornegrét kélorberael adyabyenet Amformalment! ——eLsbnyorbargast 1a ion of costrerting stream patter ‘You probably noticed, im Hitesig to and inating theaeitema, that they acem to he pronouaced faster than Eaglish words of einilar length. Actually they are aot, bt there is big difference in rhythm which mekes it seem that they are. This dference in sythm can be indicated something lke this, using Longe lines to indicate longer eylables and shat lines to indicate shorter eylables English Speater Spanish Speater here do ra think it wil be fomnd? ‘Thos the Spanish way is to make every syllable almont equally long, giving a mackinvgun effect, whereas the Englinh way into make the loader syllables longer. The two laaguages divide wp thei ine diferently 1.28 The intonation aystom of Spiah Uptothis post we have discussed two errs sterces: UNSTRESSED VOWELS and SYLLABLE STRESS. The third problem which occas from the very beginning and willbe with you tomar your Spaiol fora very long tine ys were corectd ft in Iersing the basic UN 1 SPOKEN SPANISH. Middle pitch: one space above the vowel igh pitch: two apaces above the vowel Alt ence Took like thie: These are analogons to steps in « munca! ocala: Inadaiion to these various lavela of ptch there may be a alight rine /‘t / ora aligh fall / 4 / afer the lat pitch, ort may remain level / 1/ 1m Now let tm oturn tothe banieaestence nd eee what you were corected on RIGHT YOUR PROBABLE ERROR 1. bwandedybs lsdgyée $ bwendzdyas |sényor + 2. bwenastardés |stny6ra 4 bwenastarées |seqyorat 3. bwenaznochés [sdqyée‘ta 4 wenazngches Jsonyoriea + 4. komgestaystée + Kongestaystéa 5. miybyen laréqyde + mmaybyon lorseyas t 6. kono 1epst kémoleed + 1. komoné 4 konong + SPOKEN SPANISH owt 8. muchazgrégyas + gragyas + 9. dénaga + densaa t to. ngayaeké + ngayaaké + 11. Agwalmenté |grdgyas + Agwalmenté lardgyas + 12. Saydet atyos t 18. dstindnyand ¢ astindgyana t 14. Astdlnegd dstaawegs t 1s will be evidem to you that al of the mitaken patterns of the rght-nod colima above are atrbutble to some very common pattern that auch ateraaces have in Enplinh. A few of the common sot-Spasi interforence pater that Eng ethene: 4. Godd morning [Bill t 5. Good bye t 2. Fane | thanks t 6. Good bye t 3. How are you + 7. Many thanks + 4. How are you + VEINTICINCO 1.25 ONE 1 The only way to get thoee (and other) Eagioh ptterms out of your way in talking Spann is by the corest reat ‘20 often that they astonatcaly replace the English oves when they are L241 Bhercises en contrasting intonation paterne aa 1a 15. bengaké | klarokestt sonlastrés $ Oyéogenabydn + noLokrés + nomgimpérta + byénémanyéna + Oyegemarss 4 akisebéy1a + komgesté + dondostét komolebé | kyéne(s)sén + keépésd 4 kwandetyésa + SPOKEN SPANISH of Spaniah patterns spponed to. The following exrcive in directed toward th Group 4 All of a ‘fallang’ pattern SPOKEN SPANSH 18. kwantdimesta + 47. kekonénés + 18, dédéndesén 4 19, pardsondebén + 20. pérkesefus + 21. porkwantotyéaps | 22. akwantgesténbs + te Yaseda t 2. kyérekafe t 3, binokonistéat 4. kbayeronyat 5 tyenguniapig t 6. sébakonmigo t 1. Legistémaria t 8. Léyégldyarya t 9. tyenanptre t to. lépasolaleche t owt 1 Group 2 All of a ‘rising* pattern _ tar Lae ae aes 1 a a Be 6 n 8. o to. ae 12. trahdsukarre t légustasutrabano t gragyas |sényér + miybyén larégyas + silségyérs + nolsényérsta + ngay |6nbre + bengd maria + no |méchSzorégyas 4 nbbyeng |enténgés + silpaps $ nolmams + adyos [sényérés + Astamanyana |séayérés + SPOKEN SPANISH Group 2 AlL endang an a low level pattern — |. vemstiocio SPOKEN SPANISH unr 2 2.1 BASIC SENTENCES. Usefa pleases. ENGLISH SPELLING ‘AD TO LISTENING SPANISH SPELLING sind, forward sablentes adelante Come oni. ren {Adelante syentés séntard seat (seta) syentasés séntarsét sitmne (aemaree) syentésd} Sitatese. tyendt tender} tose (ene) Unt nth (en) al-lapigh cl pz De you have pent? tyénginapig + Tien un lie? (have (to have) tengds tener} tengo (teres) No, doo’ ndfnotéagd + No, no tengo. ye sit “ No 2a snather the tine te the favor please Aga, plea. the pardon {you) ay (Go s0y) Excue me, wha id you sy?) sive Go ge) wom sitsiténgdt rrépital rrépital rrépétirt trégigkal traadgitt trégugkat Sevan péradnt otrat Libegt Strabeyt port el-fandet por-fabdrt porfabért l-péradnt digah aagit kone ggusteat det dat et SPOKEN SPANISH Sis a tengo. repita epi) Repita. teaduzca (reduce) ‘Traduace. aver pe el fave po fever Otea ves, par fevers pera dice (decie) eran. :Céno dice uated? 8 (tae) SPOKEN SPANISH the pew ive me the pose ine to pase, to band) the book Pana me the book: Js Gobe) a's tha? the ashtray ‘Thin i an aalray, waste (0 wast) tomy (i) moons ‘THES, Licplimat domeap Lémt pasét pisdrt pasénét él-Lbrét pasomedlfbrot Ssh set es0t Kesbs6t estat Bl-génigerds} esta [ésingénigerdt kyerdh kérerd dégart kyéréwtagart 1a plane Dée la plane. pase (pasar) plseme lliteo Pheene like. hoes [Link] mn conisore, ‘were (quer) die ‘ere deci UNE 2 Ie means askay says tell is anid (Go aay) the table ® You say mete the Bogie the chic How do you aay sill in Bngliak? Yow ty cher, 24 kekyeredegar |genigérdt kyoredegiz|eshtréyt sd-aiget dagirt gat el-espanyslt komosedige |teybtl [engspaqy61t lasmésal staige Inesit e1-ingiést issittyal komosaeige |sallyg [&ninglést s6éaqe[chehr} déneet Lprtnbanagst andrikanat SPOKEN SPANISH 2Qak quiere deci cencero? siete deciearhroy. ne ice deci) lexpatol {Cima ae dice table en eapatol? a meee, Se dice mesa. el inglés Ia tlle bn doe sila on ingen? Se dice chai, Abnde Ia enbajada cuaTRo SPOKEN SPANISH Where's the American Embaaey? the baton there the let ‘There tothe lft. the right Thee to the right. There srngit ahead. take, camy (Go take) tke we the comer (of tows) ‘Take ux downtown, se Gabe) ico dondesté |1génbsha¢amerakénat a1-banydt dondesta lglbagydt ant a lprigkyeraat ai [Slaigkyereat Lantéréchat ai [alaaérechat ai [agéiantéd cyebat oysnart Ciyenendst sl-géntrot yedends lalgéntrot astant astart UNIT 2 gDibade cot la Bnbajeda Americana? tbat Dinde enh el hs a iguiente AMG la ingierda, 1a derecha Aki la derocha. Ak adelaste. Hee (evar) lvenoe centre Libvenen al centro, ntin (oma) unt 2 the (ap) her‘ the books? tke me the betel “ake ie othe hotel. (i) goer down to go dows) (i gore dows (ogo dows) Going up or down? © how mich How mach in? om Snot we east thee trast fow kwatrot five gankdd léet Gondeés tan |16z14brbst Qyebemet a1etelt Qyedeme |alotélt subel stbitrt ot banat banat sibgonsnad kwantol kwant gest SPOKEN SPANISH lee {Dido enti lw iron? ever thee Libvene al tel. ube (bie) ja (baer) Sabo obaja? colate iCakato on? ix seyst ~~ seven syetel siete sieht Senet ocho ine webs aueve tea yet diez SEIS SPOKEN SPANISH leven twelve thincen foureon ongat once dogat doce troget seece katong oatace 2.10 Notes onthe basic netencen (1) Tnatend of oni th eatice phe “What did yo (2) Nate tat here, and in the ether phrases above and below which alao have the frm /se—dt get /_ inthe @) More literally, “Does i he eleva Just an we may ay only hat?” “somone” actually saying the word in nt given ater, the word ays itelf, which makes this which i ranlated Eeginh aa “ia wai or ‘you aay’. The Spa vill be examined in detail in Unit 24, unr 2 fiftece keangah vison dygiseyst remy beynt 8h wei memy-one Eynt {ind} veiainne The Spanish speaker fequestly wees only the frat wend /k 6mot /+ traction impersonal, and construction used ia the reflexive constvstion, which go po does i go down?” 27 UNIT 2 22 SPOKEN SPANISH DRILLS ON PRONUNCIATION nthe fist w om ayatem, andthe cenultng rhythmic effect. the inte below how ie worda which sound familiar, iy of the wer Bere youn connect ‘YOUR PROBABLE ERROR FAMILIAR ENGLISH ENGLISH SPELLING ‘PRONUNCIATION Ofiginat Afiginal afist — ofist tice ddktded daktort daktart doctor dpertiniasad apartoniased Apartuwnatiyt opportunity kéngresdt kangresd} kangrést coagrome komeérengyat kamferengyat kanférénst conference trépikait trapikalt trdpakeht tropes! atomikat Atamikat atamikt soni éndurast Andurtst hdndurést Hoaderas kémbérsagyont kambérsagyont kanvérsey%int coavereation ospieait Aspitet haspitall oot kontratot kantratot kantratktt coueact, posiblét pasibiét paskbil} possible ocuo SPOKEN SPANISH bénbaraeot prontot proks4mat fosforo} koste blankat kansst pastt klasét gragyast Lastimi} espagyont absblutod From the bSmbiraes} prantot praksimst for64 kastot blankal kansést pasél klesét graqytst Lastina} éspdnyolt Abedlutes bambardmint + prantéw Spraksimith fasférést kaety = kobty blak kanekzt pats rigs} grat lasts spenigt bssidwtt ‘example it ie no doubt clear tht musy words which Look easy, because they seem very much like fact the most mislening because of their similarity. If you are alert tothe pnuibilty af this eer, however, unr 2 bonbandnort owe homphoroas ase ast Spanish sbvolate lsh word, {na relatvaly easy one t0 29 uNtT 2 SPOKEN SPANISH 2.22 Voiced stop consonanta 22a /6/ in Spa ‘The problem tat arses from /2\/ i that it has two vaeetoe of peo lation which are, trom the poist of view of Engliah speakers, actualy different sounds; but fom the plat of view of Spanish speakers, they are one and the same aosnd cither the same as another ori ins Bat are taught 10 ignore the di ference between [] and [4], Englinh apenkers ae taaght to reapect that difference bet ignore others (auch ae the pull of wrth comes after the /p/of pill bt does nat came ater the /p/ of spi. Hom cam there be auch a diference in pont of view? A sound iy one would th thin in an iatance where the ‘common seme From iafancy speakers of Spi viompoit does act hold. ‘The eymbol Cd) repronente the initial sowed of English dem, do, die, dare, et the back side of the upper teeth when this sound is peodaced is Spanish, whereas ia English but the tip ofthe tng actly touches chen somewhat further back, ‘The aymbol [4] represents ther, mother, other father, ee, the final veites with h the intial sound of thin thick, else, othe mi book, and it baw a0 connection with /4/. soaed of English then, thee the, the, that, there, et, a the middle souol of cad of lathe, bathe. However, it maat be dntngs undef ether, tel, o tbe Final nouad of Bath caraly from the other sound sf the wo /4/ sounds are below. aaaot agondet deaot andaact evaded séldaast anaesét tildaast qwartadst dbzdényagst karaaast dbzdtcnaast 210 pez. SPOKEN SPANISH uN 2 ‘You wll of coure noice that both kinds of / d / a reasons clear and consistent though i some ar bere, and wonder how you can tll which variety to expect. The re is ight variations may occu: pause |/n/| /1/| /4/ | /t/| vowets | /y/ | /w/| other consonants [4] appears after| x x]xjx |x [a] appears after x x |x x ‘The real importance of producing the sight variety of /d/- atthe right time becomes evident wp examiarion ofthe contests below, where the ane of [A] instead of [4] inte lot-band coloma will cause the word to be misinterpreted as being the one righehend olan 22211 Rxereiseon /d / and / x / between vowels nat orat pigat pirat toast torbt eget lorét kagat karat koaat kor6t seat serat madd mrdt moadt ord} aaah ara magat —mirbt unt 2 ‘SPOKEN SPANISH 2222 /b/ iwSpanish ‘The problem of /b/_ is sinilarto rat of /4/. Thote ace wo vation which are the same from the Spaiah point of view but scicealy diferent fron the English poit of vow. ‘The symbol [1b] represents the intl sound of English words like Bee Bl, buy, Borow, the mile sound in baby, tabby, ebby, he fina sound ia tb, Hay rab, flab ‘The symbol [b] represents a sound which doce act exit in English, I is produced by bringing the lps closet alii te to oe 2 ha tha aes hg then nih lg eg Th an a nda. The easiost way to leer to jeoduce it to start out sa though to make 8 vod so thatthe resulting aud in vlke fn character Qu emember that inno ae) athe, bat ee ike abou, but nt allow the lps to touch Examples of [1b] sed [b>] follow: bebért silbabat pibirt salbabat abort enerbabat abosat expapat gimbanat expbqabat kambyabat axponad SPOKEN SPANISH UNIT 2 11] 7] A7 J vowers] y | pause Ub] appears after} x x |x] x] x (b] appears after ‘Tomake« mistake inthe production of /b/ ix not as serious as withthe /2/, but errs can lead to misunderstanding, Mrs important, thee is 29» aoued in Spanish, eventhough it i ved like Hovana in ataaly the [1b] sound. 3c writing system. The Spanish aound which Americana mey hear a» ia a 2203 /g/i Sisk ‘The problem of /g/ is similar co that of /d/ and. /by/, There are two varit view bot noticeably diffrent from the English poiat of view shih ar the name from the Spaniah pint of ‘The symbol (g)) reperest the intial sound of English words like go, get, gt, gues, the middle 20 in ago, again, the final sound int, tg tog. ‘The synbol [9]. eepresents part ofthe tongue up tonards the rot ofthe mouth ax though to make « [gut without allowing the tongue to toch, pave through with a alight rcton nine, war like sugar. I in produced by reining the Back at the ais fee to TRECE 213 UNIT 2 Aificult to deity when you ae 24 ‘he with /d/ and /D/'s the diotibution of C9] and £9) follow: galad} gagst grégoryot gagerat agringaedt Agangrénarsét he two varieties of /9/ is faiey el SPOKEN SPANISH estegalgdt Sigasat Ligdrgantat Lagorgat ézgrégorydt szgagerat nd connate: pause | C9) |/1/ | /4/| /1/ voweis| y|w | other consonants [a] appears after x [te [ «lx (91 appears after ‘Tomake a minake inthe production of /G/ in not seriou, bt valess you lees to produce the LQ] variety you mill find that i toa Spunah apeaLer. So fr the purpoce of con prben {2 is worth the woable to mantr i. caToRcE SPOKEN SPANISH unr 2 2.29 Vibrate / 2 / and / oe / in Eventhough we write th (//-sounde do aot even vagecly cesemble the /T /—aoundn that accer in mone varieties of Eaglish. Any atm o transfer oo is with the letter r. the studeot should take special sot of the very important fact that these agliah / £ / over into Span wil osu in wer flue to produce #watinfacary imitation ofthe Spanish sound. You hve akeady (2.22.1) gone though a session of dil the variety of /d /- ‘hat appears between vonelontasts like [t646 1] [t626]J. Now itis necessary to distinguish thin single /F / (he one vehich io 40 ml English 1 or dor di in words like Bety,catage, ltace, er, wader, waiter, chute, shudder) ftom the double / 12 /. The / 12/in a rapid il ofthe tngue-ip, and it an woualy be learsed nly by carefal imitation. ‘The following dill to help you bear and learn to reproduce the difference between the two kinds of / x /. 228 Evorcine on / 1 / and /22/ between vowele pordt perré} kart} karrdt part parrat barat barrat kordt korrot gored gorret yerdt yerndt fordt forrdt fyerdt fyerrdt amarat amarrat 2s UNIT 2 SPOKEN SPANISH Not only isthe Spanish /x/ Aitlcon in anatation wil conan like the English words tr day. It yo woeustatioe. ‘The following ll will allow you to geactice /z/_ in ll combinations with other consonants. 2.28.2 Excercise on /x/ before and after contents prontey kwazp dh grandad anargbt primdt toxpal fridt marftlt trdst kartat frasel pergzit tratsl pwertat farsa krvaot gorkat inset kréot parkél arhéntinat brasil} arbolt strhyo} bromit kurbad dbrezt eramat tiraed arnat drogt owaraat byerndst gragyist —— girgantal ornbl 216 Dwecisess SPOKEN SPANISH unr 2 Whenever // occurs atthe very end ofan atorence (not the end ofa word, bt the ead jt before pase, and eepecilly sehen tha final stressed syllable, it basa diferent pronunciation fom what is heard elsewhere. It i more like /xz/, but the vocal corde do not vibrate daring it. The elfect is almost like combining // with /¢/ except tht the tongue-tip remains up athe ond. This sound can be practiced by imitai lable ie Lo /, sthe ond ofan verance 2.233 Exereine on Spa sényort agukart alart nakart metért Stert kansdrt kangort rrébélbért rrépolbért partixt martirt fapset bolibart da that ae nnilar in Spsish and English have bees derstanding in an attenpt In the proceding pages the gross diferencen in the proosaciation of jacussed. Thee are the differences which if unmastered will caune grt dicey thei mastery in therefore of the utmost importance toa student. However, there ate other pronunciation ‘thos impair the communication efficiescy. The following line of similar sounding words pronounced by Spasih speaker and an English considered the oame vowele. Note eepe- thea he pronunciation of what mig speaker eopectively wi fall thatthe English vowela _oality fom the beginning tothe eed ofthe vowel, wheres tobe more prolonged, more deava out, ani eapeally ace tat they do not ptem to mai the Spasish vowel does. DiecIsiETE aur unt 2 2m 2m. ama 28 Vowel nslei in Spanish English /ey/ end Spniah /o/ Bagliak /ow/ and Spanish /o/ yee not 1st yot sot SPOKEN SPANISH SPOKEN SPANISH 2.243 Eaginh /ay/ snd Spanah /2/ 2044 English /om/ and Spanish /u/ DIEcINUEVE, ant tu sit putt Kit bit UNIT 2 uN 2 SPOKEN SPANISH Generally if you are inating a native or nesr-tiveprometciation at fall normal collouialepeed, eee of the type illnrated above og are not likely tobe obtrnive. Probably the most importaat detail to vemenber isto say words which rntain quality to chuage in the course of producing them. For /u/ end /0/y thie means rounding the lpe during the production ofthe pe consonant fae the vowel hat the lips are properly rounded in anticipation of the rounding requ 225 Lateral ~/1/ in Spaninh (/1/ in English in sound that in produced by ruining the tp ofthe tongue wp to toch the root ofthe mouth in auch a way ‘hat the alr cola is forced to pens eround either side ofits thin way of producing nound in called lateral (Le. ‘ade") articulation InSpaninhythe /1/ is acteclly a laterallyeeleased [4], and i hae avery different sound from the English /2/, you wll try to follow by manipulating your own tanger, «teckaical description wil be helpful: pede & (1) ae inthe ward did. Notice that 1 make the that the ai 08 flow and Alowaward, keep the tip locked ints C4]. postion atthe end ofthe word did but release the the word dle, but without Lowering the back pat ofthe teagee aa you we Spanish /1/. La], yourelease the whole ip ofthe tanger out acre the tp of t. Now inatead of rlensing the eatiretongae trough one side an though you wore going ta aay indie. If you have followed these instructions, you ate producing Compare the following pita which are approximately alike excep forthe /1/-sovnds and try to initate the diference. 225.1 ees on Spink /1/ foot fat ett aut coal Kou set ete tall eat tool tout a at 2.20 vEINTE SPOKEN SPANISH uN 2 226 Voicelene stops 2261 /p/ in Spasink In was mentioned earlier that in Eapiah there are at lust two conepicuouly different kinds of paounds: the p f pin, pill, which nthe pula air called aspiration, andthe p of spi, spill, which ha no aspiration ‘The Spanish /p/ in alwayn prodaced without animation. One way for an American to «before Spaninh word that begin wth /p/ in onlerto taser tthe mastery of i ie by thinking of gliah pattern of peodaciag anaapiated p alters The following lint will give yous basin foe comparing the pound inthe two languages and learning to repradace the difereace. 2.26.11 Exercine on Spanish /p/ pace peg! eeu perdt paw, pant cS part re port pose pont pith plant \VERTTTUNO 22 UNIT 2 SPOKEN SPANISH 2262 /t/ iaSpaniah The /t/ problem ie like the /p/ peblom: in English ti anpirated, in Spaninh iin sot. a adi ‘hat i mare fornrd in the mowth to produce «Spanish /'t/: it lierlly touches the buck side ofthe uppe teeth, which i does wot do in Elis 2.26.21 Exercine on Spaniah /t/ tea tit ten tent to tast taboo tabu 2.363 /k/ inSpaniah you have mastered /p/ and /t/+ // will be « Leceze since it involve agua the as 226.31 Faercie on Spanish /k/ bile kilet Kay ket call kau com kant cafe karet ‘SPOKEN SPANISH 2.27 Voloslees apirante A /s/ 9 Spnnh Spanish bas an [5] and e [2], but wl Spaniah words are sever distinguished solely by the di ‘of words in Spanish which bave party ‘2271 Exercine on the distribution of the variate of /6/ bzbogdt rrigart expeltat ant} mizntt hogsart abzatnyart dizgustst dereat erael (ez dd) oa ofthe diatibtion of the vacate of /s/ my ny Ly EF]. Anywhere elec, [8] scours, excep bel semivonels /y/ and /u/ wbere both L's) = Engliah they are connidered ax variants of « rove L5-Z) anne the Enplioh worde sequences of souada. sound, /5/ «That into ‘and “seal”. Note the esposet rraskard espeltat askbt mascot biskaet dastényirt diskursdt destél (dg estt) estat lable position before voiced consonant, namely [by dy Gy C2] occur depending on ust 2 SPOKEN SPANISH whether the syllable begias withthe // withthe aemivowel. Since therein no choice onthe part ofthe speaker-only one othe other ound alt, /s/- occur in any given situation, but ast buthsbey are no in contrat ad bel iy one bas But in some dinlects andotylen of speaking Spanish, anther variety of [8] occurs. Note these pronunciations of some Caribbean ‘nnd South American amtects, By micha"grésya™t bwenaPnoche! komgeMtay"tet kgoraé™h ‘The / s/n not deopped emizely in these dialects, Actually there are some rather complex diferences in distribution from one 7 that Chileans ‘eat their's, and Colombians the fects Thus, for example, since the Chileans use the CP] variety of /s/ i the CP]. variety oly in thoneeyllale final Such detail are ot pertinent tothe development of your prom Ainect to anether, 2 that Ageatineane may I eaythe Argentinean eat ther 2, sod 20 on, withost ay of thene aterectypes reac all eyllablefinal occurencensthy are accused of eating their's by Argeatineana wh able which be ciation, since in any case you should imitate your ieatractr'spronuaciat dows the syllabl cumences that ae fo with» comsona med by ‘Bat you may hear other verietien some day, andi ie well to derstand the ptteas they follow. Remember that in no di 2 VEINTICUATRO SPOKEN SPANISH Pf ee ach are the ward listed below. 222.18 Typical enone trom English / 2 /—infoeace on Spanish / 8 / ‘VEnmicnco conRECT kansaed Amflwengat béndqwelst aksaméntst rrigdnt dibieydnt prépositet présigentés présentéd préséntért préséntagyonést bisitart séntérrosat rrésSlindat YOUR PROBABLE ERROR kanzast inflwenzat binzwolst dgzanénést rrdzdnt aibizydnt propozitss prézigentét prézentéd prézentért prézéntagyonést bizitart sntarrozat srézblindad in groups of wards in which the / / will bother you more tha elsewhere, Becnone the words sound f [FAMILIAR ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION kenzast Inf ldwenz8t venkedwelst éozaina! riyzint davitint prapézisint prezkdint! priyzent} prezant! prézinteysint vizitt saints rowzét réwz8Lind’t UNI 2 ENGLISH SPELLING Kessss falta Venezvela division reeest revest resentation Santa Roes Rocalinds unt 2 SPOKEN SPANISH 2.2714 American Spnish /'§ / and Castilian /¢/ 4a CantilianSpaioh, a dilect med in some ewan of Spas, but having prestige tatu that far outmeigh it geoprap the sounds /& / and /§ / ae diferent. The /8 /ia pronounced with the tong tip rained toward the top ofthe mouth, like avery light lap in noticeable. The / § / in pronounced something like the th ofthe English word thin. Than words like the following, hich wr lie in ter dala ce tinged a Costin Sena kasat kagat Last Lagét ist at masdt maga pesést pages loss} = Logat késcr} ogee passt —pagdt poss} poget asat agit "This diatinction can be ignored by anyone who expecta to ane Spanish amoag aposkers of Ancican Spanish dialect. 2272 /h/ inSpaniah ‘Anthercoascnat tht mas an American accent inthe /h/. The following Kits of similar nounding worda pronounced by ax English speaker and lantate the difference between English A and Spninh /1/ « ah spear wil 2.27.21 Bxerciae 0 Spanish /h/ bate hirat ora horért betly nalet honee harat heceenew huzoaaot 236 VEINTISESS SPOKEN SPANISH unt 2 Hilde hiiaat jute huntad oo anat Moca mohikat 221.22 Diacaasion of Spanieh /h/ lxed and low in your mouth, a When you prodsce hin English you tongue i at you merely bvathe easily acron it before begiaaiag the vowel that follows. Far e Spanish /h/ the tongue must be te that wore ition none in created whoa air forced past. It in expecially dificult fr reseed yllable ae in /méhako! déneme/ ete. Though always stronger th ction none depending on the area ofthe Spaniah apeing world. Listen caret ier inthe mouth, near the roo bat nt toocking Engliah apeater to produce Spanish /h/ aglish A Spanish imitate wiat you hear Between vowela and afer P/ caccies more of le tothe beat of your silty. 228 Nanala and palatala 221 /n/ inSpesinh Spanish /0/ differs from Englioh nin that it ie ually produced agniot the back of the uppee teeth iaatead of on the gum ride ‘above the teeth. Ta thin renpect iti emilee o Spanish /t/ and /d/. The carect anteulatonot /1/in aot to difficlt for Eagiah sapeskers, but there area couple of combinations of /n/ plas another consonnst that create psblome. 2.2811 The cluster /nt/ in Spanish quntiey kantaadat ‘Toate tantet leat lentel VEINTISIETE oar unr 2 SPOKEN SPANISH canto kantol antiastot ‘Tantlae tantalet pantet ja huntat Santa Ménicn santé-monikat ‘The clove yoking of tin English in words like the ones aboy pecially when not prosounced slowly and is exgreasios i does not happes inthe ronencation of Spanish /t/, where the /1)/ Io elealy resonate sve belere the /¢/ begins. 2.282 /ay/end /Y/in Spanish Speakers from practically all dileet area can, when they try, make a diference between forma with /Qy/ and those with /ny/ i seema, however, tht thi difference iv unimpertan from the pout of view of ta Hinited atefuleen, since the distinction ix equeatly obecered at ‘rma stcrance speed. Iti womencat lke the diferace between medial Wand dé alter atten in words like shutter and shudder: the dilfeence heey and we we ty 10 but we anuly do not, Inthe hierarchy of importance ofthe varios detail of learning Spanih ponun lon thie in one ofthe lat, 2.28.21 English /nay/ , /ny/ aod Spanish /qy/, /ny/ 2 2 a 4 — Granydt tranydt lineal Alinyat Alinyal monyéd matrimonydt 28 venxtiocio SPOKEN SPANISH usr 2 Aatoio otonydt antonyét linet Labinyat Lapinyal, minydt minyd$ on &-nonyt denonybt iopanie espanyat ispanyat Hispaniola espanyolat Aspanyolat ae &skanyot Askanyat ‘conual anyét haranyét pinyon} opinycht ‘The English end Spanish poauacintions of /n/ aad /y/ together (colon sod ©) do not sound alike largely becense the ryllable divinon in after the /1n/, bet in Spaniah it i Before the /n/ Columa 3 really hardly needs to be give 2 would be uncomfortable if we filed cet Indicate thatthe contrast cam be, and sonetines io, me 2203 /ly/s /My/nand /y/ in Spanish 2.2881 English /Liy/, /1y/ aud Spanish /Ly/, /Dy/, amd /y/ Balearic daha balyat batyat bayat polio evi polydt pooyet poyst tian stallion alyast atyast ayast ‘VEINTINUEVE. unr 3 SPOKEN SPANISH sallable Aneta analys) — amayat maya leo collier eyed etyat oust aementy selind olysst yah ayer ion silion alydnt mittydnd nyt alien sila a1yed eyes Quinton seimtillion ellyot fioydt ‘The poceding list are not 9 mach fr ill fr illntraton ofan inprtast and widengrend dialect iference, Todt the inpartet dialect dffeeace, he 11] ofthe fen in clue fou in placed in parsthein,/Dy/» since i drop in ‘excep in cone prs of Castile in Spin, in wplasd Colon, Econo, Bolivie, Prague, the minimal ference between /Ly/ and /Dy/ he simile frm in column 3 nthe /ny/ =/qy/ dintincton. Fer all the eh the [yl] variant of /y/ described below. ish Aialecta few other arena. In mont ofthese dilecta 4) can be made, but bas the sane Linted uefa the similar forms of columns 4 and § are not dntingeiahed; both have 2.284 /y/ iaSpaniah /¥/ ‘4s oro variant which ar obvious to th English er bacause they ae like two entirely neprete sound in Engh thene variate with Ly] forthe one that inthe y's of ye, yey buy, Buy, yaks ter and with 4]. f0 the one that varew all he way fo Ly] t (2) ain jadge, In the English words belon iter ofthe two words on exch lin beian with sound that i equally likely to ocew fn the Spanioh ome ofthe righ sbnd slam. 22841 English y and j ond Spanish Cy] at Jeon yesdt yellow jello yelot 230 ‘TREINTA ‘SPOKEN SPANISH unr 2 yh ew vat yoo Joe got es inks gost! years yerndt aber yavat ye iy gel Tn Spaniah then are varia of the name sound. It often pusslon an Englinh speaker to bear both varianta because be does not aw which one to imate. Actanlly both Spanish variants mey be ased by a single apether. The significant difference ia English isto Aoager iticant, and you mast lear to igaare Nall /y/ 's stverance initial, Anatber way of ying this tht Spanish Cy} wil apna at he endo word er efoce a alter consonate witha « vor ety ch ike he English. In ther pontions the Spniah /y/ varion roma CY']y to sounds Eagl Wot asthe = inacare or the jf judge. An you have probably noticed, we hve tanncibed thin later vistas [Jy to distngsinh i omonnced like Baglin fa Spaniah can be peononnced bth waya: only thane which are ayllable inital, and eapecillythone which are speakers woald ine foom the Cy] which x 229 Conclesion ‘There ae, be it adnited, ater diffcaton in the pros he haolling of jonceare = that in, the way word ron together inthe text (without spaces separa ike /ou/, /txw/, /yw/ ete. These we ae incised to leave tothe conection of the rossocition of complete pleases a they alls which will kelp the etadent leare the contrasts decribed inthe foregoing material, , ciation of Spa 1 which have been pointed out bere. One ia sequence. We call attention 1o this bythe way in which we tranecribe words). Anather ia the problem of pronouncing various unfamiliar consoanat sequences ot onthe assumption tat they are lee impertaat, bt because there ar the stedest bas learned ees described, bein wall on hin way toward accurate pronunciation of Spink and shonld nd Ut mastery ofthe terancer comes mach sani than it otherwise woul TTREINTA Y UNO 21 UNIT 2 SPOKEN SPANISH 22° DRILLS AND GRAMMAR 2a Patern dil 2311 Some domonnratives A. Presestation a pater ILLUSTRATIONS 1 kesés8t 2eb en exo? 2 este lésingénigerdt ato 00 wn cenicero. What's thie? 3 kesgstdt Qk on esto? ne Gnat ws Thats « cai 4 sep ldsfndsatyad (0) The “posestation of pattera" in devie that willbe aaed bere cha the illaptzative forms thet make up the pattern. Iwill uelly coast of thee parts! isp ‘The illusions are group of setences, some of which have pe [New aeatencea canbe ideatified by the appearance of au English ranlaton edt fill ot the patern of te peat Being died and {eam tobe drilled ae enderlined e ialicized, the lft band colume, These “struct filler” aeatoncer co be memorized jast as basic nentences, In these sentences the i an araogement ofthe forms tobe died tht shows the relatiooshpe betweea these forme, These rel ‘char forthe benoit of those who can grasp the eelationshipe mare ensily when they are ‘The notes, when they occur, ae designed to very billy explain the extapoltion. Aullerdiaconrion of the patiers in yronened alter the d ‘and cezelation with other gram plata cam be found inthe appendix. jn accion B, emitled ‘discanaion of pater Father explanation 22 ‘TREINTA ¥ DOS SPOKEN SPANISH un 2 ‘Tha + daprondnst ave bean Tranalate thi. © tragigkaés tot —— — Sea real EXTRAPOLATION ésto this és0 that ores (4. Baglin thin” and ‘that o ([ésto/ wa /650/ Spanish subsequent eesponse drills we made up of four groupe of questions which are designed to elicit asawer that require the ane of the ramsar poise previounly illntrated, but atthe nape tne t0 inne answers that ae completely aatwral in their most feobablecootexts, The four groupe are: (I) choice qustions, which sormally requite fll seatence replies. (2) Information questions, the sumer to which we listed and iiven sotto voce just befere the questions, These wil also normaly require fll eatence replica. @) Ye "The cerect annwer in listed and can be given sotto voce just before the questions. These ton wil armally require fall @) Yeorno questions tote answered ‘ys". ‘hens will normaly requis feat /2{4/ a partial sentence reply. “ve forthe kindof anne be sald give inthe presence cr abaece of ote aace prompting before the quston imonstion ening with » /4/ or /4/ «The frat tnd second groups end with /4/ onl requ suewere wh {roup cn ad suggested sotto woce by the iar in ropa The thd tad fou rope ead wih, 747, tnd roa rection which is given serio voce bythe insruter ingroup thzee aad /8£4 with o without addtional elaboatin, sally sentence, ingroup fou sheer se chomen by the 7n64/ witha he form of «partial ‘The studemt should not need to lok at the materiale to do tia drill rally, ‘TREINTA Y TRES 2.33 Medel Problem: 1 bsestgespényolt ginglést [elgentrét] 2 kesés6t Consyetad} 3 ésestgunwedet 4 dsesquntrest Model Anevas 1 @sot 6stspanyoit 2 @sot bsblgentrot 3 éstot nolésinsyetel 4 estot sitéaintrést SPOKEN SPANISH patel» inglee? (Leese) 2 {Qed on ono? 1 {Eao? Es copatel. 2 [Eoo? Ee el centro. 1 [Eato? Noy on wn asta, 4 (Bate? Si, on wm ten. ‘TREINTA ¥ CUATRO SPOKEN SPANISH 4 ésestgunlapigtgunaplémat 2 ésestgunasityatgunamésat Condiprot) 3 keséstot [ongénigerd}] 4 keatest Conlapigh] 5 ésesgunaplunat [angpiimat] 6 asestgunlapigt 17 asesgunotelt 8 asestgungenigerot 9 bsesgunasidyat unr 2 ésot Gssindplimst estot ésiinamesst @sot ésiinlibrot éstot éeingénigerdt éstot nétéstinlépigt ésat_ndtésiindplimat ésot sitésindtelt ot sit ésingéntgerdt éstot sitésinasioyat io) (os cesicers) (on lpia) (oon pms) TTREINTA Y CINCO Eno? Eo ua libeo, Eno? Si, on an hotel. GEao? Si, (Ente? Si, oe une ill, 235 unr 2 2aLie 2236 ‘Teasalation ditt 1h 2 Thin iat Spanish, 3 How’ sing? 4 Rha’ tha? 5 Wha’ 17 Too’ wast that wail © Tanta later 9 cept thie very much. 10 This ie going very well, 11 The young lady wants thin bsg lezbwéndt ésto Ingesespany6lt ketal [baésot kesésdt koséstat esgezmtichdt nokyergesa lSstdmaqyandt kyérgéso [twég6t syentomuchg |éstot @stoba Imaybyént Lasénydrita lkyeréotst ‘SPOKEN SPANISH Eas 0 bens, Esto noes eapatl- Qe tal va ena? Oe on ons? Qed os esto? Eo ce mucho ier eno legos Siento mucho esto ato ve muy bies. La aetorita quite ent ‘The stleat should cover the Spaniah anawers while doing thin dill cally TTREINTA Y SEIS ‘SPOKEN SPANISIL UNI 2 o B. Discussion of pattern ed to refer to Basically, /650/ abject which in relatively nearer the person being addesned than it ie to the prson speaking, wheress /65tO/ roles toan object eelatively earer to the perton speek. Roxghly, then, they correspond tothe English trerds thar aad his, ut in Spanioh the eadiag /—0/ 0 these two words indicates that the speaker docs act know what the Spaz word Ter the objec is (as when aeking the question "What thin?) o thatthe speaker is answering a question in which /&5t0/ we /€30/ in ued, o tha the speaker i referring tom situation or set of circumstances instead of to an object(ae in /6s gesbuénot/ Otherwine the speaker would choose these forme wth ober ceding, which willbe gresested in Unit 7. subsequent discussions of pattern are not designed for use inthe classroom, They ate explanation» of the structural patterns ofthe dia forthe arestation of stents who foc! that auch explantions are Lelpfl to thei efferts to master the language Cla ig the Inguage zl leaving pramarexplnetions largely fr home stody special ranma so ‘TREINTA Y SIETE 2ar SPOKEN SPANISH unr 3 3.1 BASIC SENTENCES, White's erival i Swlendia, John White, am Americas arriving forthe fis tine i Srlandiay 4 country south ofthe United States, bas been met at the aizprt and ca through cantons to hin btel by American friends. They leave him atthe hotel, more be check in tthe deak and then ia accompanied {orbs room by the pater carrying bie bags. He aries ENGLISH SPELLING ‘AD TO LISTENING SPANISH. SPELLING toyou ae be (pleases in pleasing (please) gistal gistart om (gute) 10 you in pleasing Leoistat ther alswartdt el ewane the room? Légustgelkwartot to me is pleasing mé-gustat me gta Fhe z Wiue ‘Yoo, s1|mégus tat Si, me guna, (ou) wat (eo wast) kyérat kerést ‘ere (guere) the al-dowat slags) ice mineral sine ode water aqwe-mineréit ages niece No a utr Porter a Do you wast soda water? hie Yer. sey bring up o go up) o being i wp tome Being tp toe later {you need (to need) anything, something cle saything eae 32 kyérgusted |aqvamineralt subat sopirt at subamb 134 despudst sit stbaméé |4sspuést négésital négasitart algot mast Algo-mast négésitaloonast gorkat gerka-aet aks SPOKEN SPANISIE oso 2Oine sted gue ube (abie) secesita (oecesitar) coren de SPOKEN SPANISH hie Yeu be Americen Embassy te the Colenbae (On Colunbus avenue. that © there ie that 8 necenaary to take the taxi 1s necessary to take Fhe ‘Thank, Hete you are. Porter ‘Thank you very much, at, the elevator sit éstalgembaha¢amerikanal gerkaggakit Lenbst agrabéniaat ko1snt nét astalendst anlabéniaa |aekolént kel yest tonite él-taksit ayketomarintékedt gragyast Skityéndt machazgrSqyas Iséqyér al-as(gansdrd ont 3 Phe Si. gBott la Bmbajede Amerie lejos da events Colin Mose No. Fath lejos. En la avenida de Colda, we ay gue sleet Hay ge tomar wm taxi Phite Gracian. Aga Moro Muchas gracias 9 Lesceneer 33 unr 3 bahgenolas(9 ensort Are you going dows a sora same mazmdt sigh sow Aoranmizmbt ight now. sit Adrangzmdt the boxy the camhir's donk Lakanat haces the chins donk? dondastalakénat os prinéc! prinerbt the flow si-pisdt the entrance lgréntragst Pater - RoR RAR (On he fet Horo he ihe ‘nd lprimerpisg|4la¢érecha l¢elgentréaat (te Rit gots dows onthe leatr and wpto the ouein’ window.) (you) can beable) pueaa poaerd to change, exchange kambydet to change for me kambyérnét shore hoon miomo Fhe Si, ahora mi a cole aDibnde cath In caja? ines (primers) lino Ta el pier pi de la oad canbier cunbiamne Yeas How many? ows a what the change, exchange Cashier Te bills in check? ‘hie Whine Thia ravelar's check. cerco. nds} ei-doiart ‘Gndz—wolarést pwede [kambyarme [Gnbz¢olarest sit kwantést sokombt al-kenbybt dydyl Akomogsta |glkémbyS} al-bidyetdl Lbe-binyetést al-chekdt dab ityetes |genchéKet estat byanerot estecheke [byahérdt Fhe Puede canbiaeme wnoe dSlarea? Cajero ‘Sk {Calaton? ebm cambio Phe Diez. A cbmo oath el cambio? sl billete toe billets el cheque Cajero GE billets 0. chaque? Whine Este cheque wiajoro, as How do you want i? the coin the change (i) cont coat) ow mock docs a taxi to the ‘Americas Embassy cont? the pono the pono a6 fn bill and two in change. SPOKEN SPANISH antongest cntonce Caer ‘cinco por uno, entonces. Aginkoporting |enténgést 16h be komolokyéret Coo vies? Lé-mbneaat a moneda Pe el Fhe Schgembinyetest idosennonéaat ‘Oke on billie y don on meets. kwestad kbstart cvesta (conten) kwantokwést guntaks [Algémbshagamerakénst al-pésdt el peso 1ds-pesést los pesos mendst monce SPOKEN SPANISH UNIT 3 Cashier Cajero ‘Two peses mote ct les. dospés6z |ndsbméndst Dos pesos ms 0 menos. fee poet vo the information La-informagyont a iformaciba Fhe oa A Fhe ‘Thanks fr the ifrmation. grdqyas [porlginfomagycnt Gracias yr I neemacié, 3.10 Notes othe basic sentence (0) As cam be seen by comparing the literal traneltion in the build-p with he fre tan ny literal way to equate the English idea of “liking” something witha word dows, Hater, one ba to say thatthe ebject which he Tikes in “leasing” to him. Thus ‘like it? becomes“ (2) Agee mineral, which Kterally mean “ioerl at ‘The terms aoed for puriied dishing water difer fom one aren to another. Sometines such water is that distributes ity auch ax “Agua iti’ in Ecoader, oc 'Agan Chagultama” in Peru. At other tine fone should be certain that e Finds oat what to ask fa, since the public water supply is a well, (@) The forms /me/ and /La/ inthe wtterance /stibamela/ are called elite pronouns, ot, fo aor, jut clitic They will, be discussed in dea begining with Unit 10. (0) tah wrt /96TKO/ eu! ong we born nto an re ala The aglch wr, functions in both capacition, ‘Tht in i English we can aay “He didas even get nea” or ‘le did't even get near the hone.” ‘The Spanish west nea) 4tKa/. we et examples ou /gEEA/ pas YAO)", er sy new ©) Ths tof several English expressions. The claneat i Ite aeceneary tout, but the man feguem in "Youve go tone "You bive tout or “Ya gota." all thee of which the you doc nt ef to you ometing He “Oaesboud "One ot inthe aecond. oo in expecially wneul to bear in mind. Its the equiv SIETE 37 aa aaa DRILLS AND GRAMMAR Pastrn dil Gender of singular nouns and aljct Presentation of pattern ILbusreaTioNs 1. pasengedsbrol 2, deme Laplénat a. tyéngintipigt Do you tave a pen? 4, tyongungplunat 5. muchogst6t (i) has eo bave) tyéndt téngrt 6. tyenemachaguat 1. éstechékebyahérdt 8, dondesta |1génbahadameraksnst SPOKEN SPANISH Phoone el lida, Die le plana, {Tiene wn pi? Tone ana plana? Wacko gusto, tiene (ees) Tiene mucha agua? Bote cheque viaje. Dinde ent la Embojoda Americana? EXTRAPOLATION Tascaline Feminine anicle” nous | article noun Defiste | e1 lfbro | la mésa | te Indefinite] un foro | una mésa_ | ata" SPOKEN SPANISH uN 3 Gender frme of adjectives ores All Sp by. Spanioh articles, like many ater Spanish adjectives, have di The 1b noua be divided imo two groupe, o abelanses, called “aaculine’ and ‘feminine’. smscoine and feminine forme. iow form of adjectives appears only with masculine noun, the feminine form with feminine nowse. 4. Many Spanish adjectives have gender marking endings (Zatinct mascsline and feminine ferme /mmicho — mGicha/ ); ethers, [minerilythove ening in /—o/ or in a comonent /mimerl, trés, sy&te/,y ete) do act have diferent ending ‘len wed with mascline or feminine noenee M111 Substtion dill — item eubatittion Model Problem AID TO LISTENING SPANISH. SPELLING estgeaunlépigt —_senigértt Model Answer: Gotgogingenigérdt Esto en un conicero. (1) This and eubsequnetsubetittion dill are denigoed to elicit frm the student sigh variations on given aetesces. These variations concern the atactral relationships wthi the grammar ola beg diledy such asthe agreement between articles end nouns inthe preaeat dil. ‘The model problem aad anower are given aly this once. All subeequeatsubatttion dln are to be caried out i the seme way. ‘The stent should act need to Took atthe materials to do thi drill oally. Bath the Aide to Listening andthe Spanish Spelling ce gives ‘ome ated a9 UNIT 3 SPOKEN SPANISH 1 ésgesinapiémst otelt esgesunotélt pityetel esgesumbstyeres nésat Ssgesunanésat Afbrét Ssgesunitbrat 2 bsestgunabeniaat nonédat asestgunanonedat kwartot dsestgunkuartot sityat asestgunasidyat pésot asestgunoesat 310 ez SPOKEN SPANISH 3 dondesta|1aksnst senyért sepyoritat enbansaat as(ensért 4 opfgyds lpdelaplénat genigerst sneomagyéal aépigt engi UNIT a dondesta[glsenyéed dondesta|1asenyors tat dondasta |1gembansaat dondesté|glas( ensért oraqyas porelgenigér8t graqyas lporlgintormagyént oregyas lporemhépigt gragyas [porelcneket 3 :Dénde ents Ia caja? =? 4 Gracias por le plana Gracias por el conicero. Gracias por Ia iformacin Gracias por el lai Grecion por ol chee an 5 blgstaglégwal seny6rat mésat entrsaat téksit 6 dondesté [1aséqyoramerakénat sényor__4 sényérita 4 ote1_ moneda, 4 SPOKEN SPANISH digstalasényérét Aigstalamésat Aigstalgentréeat Algstagitéksit dondesta |glségyoramerakéndt dondesta |Laséayéritamerikénat dondesta |glotelamerakéndt dondesta |1améneeameraksnat 5 AM ens el ago, entrada. (6 Dende en Ia sede americana? aaa SPOKEN SPANISH 7 Bigsta/lamizmasitiyat genigérdt pldnat seqyort senyérat & bigsta |glotrochexat entréaat téksit mésat Lsprdt UNIT 3 Aigsta [glmizmogenagér6t igsta [Lénizmaplémat Algsta |gimizmosegyért aigsta [Lanizmasegyérat Augst [gotrgentraast Aigsta |glotrotaksit Aigsta [potranésat Bigsta [glotrolsprot 7 Abie a miona olla, plane. 8 AK eth ol cto cheque. de eo. AML ent ol minmo cenicor AR cath le mia plume, Ai ent AMG enh a tra Abb enh lotro taxi. ARS cad ln tra mens. AG enh el tre iro. aa UNIT 3 9 tyéng |dnapiimabwéndb —___pig__t sitya lr. 4 + + to tengo ltreztiazmést starter —____pinyetert nochoz__t eOlarez_t SPOKEN SPANISH ‘tyéng Itinapagbwéndt tyeng |Ondsadyabwéndt tyéng lanLibrobwéndt tyéng lanamesabwéndt tengo |trestareezmist tengo |trezbityeteznsst téngo |trezndchezmést tengo |trezeolareznést 9 Tiene uot plums buena, 10 Tengo wes dias més. tarde. billetes a ‘Tene wn lpiz bueno. ‘iene on lbro buenos ‘Tene una mesa uso. Teago tes tardes nfs Tengo tes billetes mie. Tengo tres nachos mi ‘Tengo es dolres mis. cxToRCE, ‘SPOKEN SPANISH 11 tyéne [ginkondchezmést iar. + tardez__+ pityeter__t adlarez__t BALA Reaponse dill abrechat galaigkyéraat 1 dstalgentracg | 2 kyergunlapigtgunap1émat 3 kyergunlibrot gunchékét unr 3 tyéne |ginkoaiazmést tyene | ginkotardozmést tyene [ginkobiOyetermést tyene [ginkosolarezmést astslacdrechat kyérginaplamat kyérgGncheka} 11 Tiene cinco noches me, tae uncer ‘iene cinco dian ma. ‘Tien cinco tardee mie, ‘Tene cinco blleten mls ‘Tene cinco délares mie. ath a la derec sero ane Quiero as cheque. 31s UNT 3 Conélkwarto] Léndigentrd] (Caphina] LénBigentrd] (ondapigl 4 tydnginbinyseet ginandnéeat 5 alayunser nyort gunasenyérat 6 dondestalasioyat 7 dondgayunotelt 8 LegustpeOlapagt 9 Sstalasenyors [aémbLinakit to tyéngunaplumat 11 LdgGstgeageneest 12 estalasenyorakit 13 ayunamésait SPOKEN SPANISH ‘téngginambnea’t fytnasényorat astagnelkusrtdt Syinatel énelgentrot nGb mégtstalaplimat adh asta lgnblgentrot adl téngginlaplgt sit mégGstamichot sit sigstéktt sit sisyt a6 {en el como) 4 5 (eneteeare) 6 1 (le plane) 8 (eneleenue) 9 (oo lied 10 n 2 nt {Tiene un billets o soa moneda? {AMS bay en sober o une wedera? Dinde enti la sila? ‘Dine bay bel? Le gumta ol lips? [Bd le neters de Molin aga? {Tiene wan plna? ct Le gusta el ce (Eat ln aebore {Hay use esa abi? Tengo una maseda Hay uaa sehers Ents onl canto vz botel en el ceatro No, me gett Ie pluna No, emt en el centro No, tengo we ip Si, me gutta mucho Sis of etd ace Si, at ny. DipcIseis SPOKEN SPANISH 32113 Translation dill 1. Tha’ 2. Noy this isnot a bill. 5. Do you have the check or sot? 6. The telle’s window isto the lft 1. The Embassy i nt far from bre eet young lady. 9, Do you like Columbus Avense? 10, The bathe isto the ig. 11, Tavs room inthe betel 12, Do you want a pose 13, Do you need ayes? 14, More's there = chair? 15, Is the hotel dowatowa? DECSIETE Segeaiinanongaat not ésténges [dmbioystad Laséydritg |estagnlgambahgaat kyergunasity at tyénelchekgtonst Lakahg lestalgigkyéreat Lgdnbshaca InogstaLends [agarss kyéropresentarlg|ginaséqyéritat énieakelént Lacst | blbagyg lestalaeeréchat ebnagunkndreg lend1oeent yeegindspigt bghoSegunsp inst abndgy lindsstyst astaglotel |endlgentrot unr 3 Exo 0s une monede No, esto a0 exam billets La seria ents en In “aja, ua? Quire Tie ol cheque o 0? Laon eth ln iguied La ombajada no ent loon de COvieropescsarle a ena sober. cL qumta In Avenida Colin? El bat enh ts dereca, Tenge os ero on l hetl Oster wn lis? Necena wae plana? Dinde bay on ill? Fath el bate ene UN 3 ‘SPOKEN SPANISH B Discusion of ptters thre ina large clan of ware t whic the abel nam canbe applid. Anau cn be ented bythe fact hat dings add it change to reference fram oe 10 mor tha os (on expaned a Unit § nly the oe tn tEelonge to oso Slee, elledneseline ad fii Ries som con chnege fr ni, tts ely oo eee the she sich fakes so See fet cage, The ers avcalie and emi ae convesion Out mre inva aay tage torereneatgrameatcleategres ed are sei thal Sums h welt edo tcy hedge denaeyy el-Afbro, el-genagéroy ol-espany6ly la-eilya, la-enbahéda, el-bigyo, elqéntro, el-St6l, cl-kugrte, el“dons, Lerabenida, el-thker, eivas(Qens6ry lakéha, ‘elzpisoy leventréda, el-chéke, el-délar, ol-kénbyo, ei-bityéte, la-monéda, Le-amformagyn/. The atl sesocinted ving tw snd other adjectives which change fr gender, ma led gender agreement, ad the tesocisted eject ee ferme in cede to agree with nouns from either stbcla There are to wubclanses of adjectives ~thoee which show a gender change, and thane for which diatint gender frma are oly poteatial- certain citcunstasces the later subclas con show a change (nee Unit 39 fora dlacuaaion of diminttives) bit erally they bave the sume endings fr masculine x feminioeagrecmest. Uscall the forme which change heve afl /0/ fog maaculine noi /—a/ fat feminine ferme, thoogh sometines the masculine form may ed inw consonant, o/espagy6l—espagy61a, nglés—anglésa/whes thoe are ured ae adjec Ober ances like finer, séys5 SySte/ whic en ie /—e/ consonaut do set change, ‘Thus: mGicho-gésto ‘nGcha~amformagy6n ménos-gisto ménos~anformagyén Seg Shatin wl few it: fos Ssaranas king chbke-byahts0/« Sone alter the cle /olyLa//sse: snags paeens flgrabentoan Gos-pesos) sae, Reon op ae "ining njetvens Sone ine, hte ay aon precede nes bandas btsp ba sae DiEcIocHo SPOKEN SPANISH UNIT 3 3.22 Replaceneat drill” Motel Problem ‘tyéngdnlapigt plunat kyére. ! Mode! Anawee tyéngbnaplunat kyérgondplomat Model Problens Tiene wn ip? i una? ime? Model Answer {Tiene ona place? {ier won pana? (0) This and suloequent ceplacenent dis are designe as fast moving exbutttionsype dil on nelected basic sentences, with the substitutions accuving in diferewt pars ofthe sentence, each being # singe change plus any obligatory assorted change) ofthe semeace immediately preceding The studeot whould mot seed to Look atthe naterials ill eal DIECINLEVE, a9 SPOKEN SPANISH A komogstaystedt Lasenyérat komogsta |lasenyérat sényért konogsta [glsenyért donde, 4 dondesta |gsenyért segyorstat dondesta [Lasenyorstat komo, 4 komogsta [lasenyorstat glsényorhwéytt komogsta |glsényorhwaytt donde 4 dondesta Iglstqyoxhwayt} A {Cnn ents eted? la a ster? Cio ents a ats 24 aster? Como onbel seta? 2 (Dini? Dine end el net? 4a ssteia? Did ont In storia? 5 Cine > Ci en nto? 6: 1S. ite? {Cin easel SMe? 1 (Donde , ‘Donde enbelS. Whe? verre, SPOKEN SPANISH kyérgusted [dgvamaneralt Algomast Sl senyérhwayt |__t nagesita, + Usted, + algot 1 digg puéndzeiast unr 3 kyergusted |algonast kyerelsegyorhwayt lalgomast ndghsitgelsegyorhwayt lalgomast nbgésitgusted lalgomast nagesitgusted lalgot aiggusted |algot digguetee |bwéndzsiast eQasiee ated algo mia? 2Qaiene ol Se. Rie algo ma? iNecesitn el Se, White algo mie? eNevenien uated algo wx? eNecesita uote Dice vated algo? Dice usted "buenee dina? unr 3 SPOKEN SPANISH © nbgbeseg léasénist + is_t ndgbsity kindnsst 2 tying yong kinonast 2 eet tyane [tdenast 4 hyare + keyed ladzmast 5 nvnast yore laSencnsst yt Sya3encnsst 1 et ylercensnost © Necenite algo mie? Necenita uno mba? Tine uno mia? iene dow min? eQuere do mia? Quiere dow mene? {Hay doe menos? aaa VEINTIDOS SPOKEN SPANISH uN D asta [Lgembshatamerakana |gérkAagakit a glotel 1 dcté [glotelanerakano|gérkaagakit 2 Anglés, t dsth | plotolingles lsérksagakit 3 shez, + ast3|plotelingles |Léhdzagakit 4 agaat asta lglotelingles |Léndzagaat 5 ___lgenbahsea t deta lLgembana¢ginglesal16hozagait 6 espanyora + 45th |Lgembana¢gespanyola [1éndzagait 7 otel____t sts Iglotelespagyol |éndzagait 1D {Baté le Babojeda Americana ceca de aqui? GB td ol Hotel Anes Eat ol Hotel Inglés cerea de aqui? 0 concn dean GE nto Hotel Inglés lejos de ag? GB ntd el Hoel Inglés lajon de — GE td la Embajada ogee lejos de abi? Expatole 2 Ent la Embajada Expat lnjon de ahi? 7 ¢—ellael____ {Eto Hoel Expadol leon de ahs? VEINTITRES 323 E dondastalakénat 1 event 2 senyérat 3 kono, 4 ‘ istéat s pugnt 6 donde, 4 1 Agentrsaat ‘SPOKEN SPANISH dondestaglotélt dondestalasenyérst komogstalasenyérst kémogstaysteat KomogstahwéSnt dondes tahwénd dondestalgentraaat EB WDinde eotdlecaje? er 2% ee? 3 Com, 2 4 sted? 52 6 aDénde 2 1 a entrada? Dinde ent ol boel? Dido en la Cima ent la aehera? seen? Gime ents ated? 2Ciomo eat Juan? eDinde coud Joan? Dinte VEINTICUATRO SPOKEN SPANISH kono lokyérat aege nagesttad donde, 4 kénke, 4 kyéred donde, 4 tyénat UNIT a komoloat got komoLoneges stat dondelonegesstad kénkeloneges{tad kénkelokyéred dondelonyérad dondarotyénas vemnricinco {én lo quiere? Atlee? a Dinde Con ge ’ 2 Doe 2 26m Io dice? iC lo necesita? Dade lo ne Con qu Lo necesita? 2Con qué lo quite? Dinde lo quiere? Dine lo tiene? 3.8 UN 3 322° Variaton citle © A demelaplénat 1 Give me the book. 2 Pass me the pe 2 Give us the book 4 Give us that 5 Take m dowstown, 6 Take ne dovatoms, 7 Take me tothe heel (0) This and subsequent variate selected banc nentencen Thea 328 ull cover the Spas anaes ene gordt pasamelan init dénoscoitorod dénosésdt yebenosalgéntrdt Cysbengalgéntrot Qyebemgalovélt a ls comsint of tresnltions of sentence simi hile doing thie ell rally. SPOKEN SPANISH Dene el lite, Péseme Is plana. Dénoe ol iro. Dénoe exo Liévenoe al coat, Liven al cote Lléveme al batt ‘Venmisess ‘SPOKEN SPANISH B légustgelkwartot o you ike the Book? 2 Do you ike the hotel? 3 Do you like the Embenny? like the svense? ike (he) Spaniah? {6 Do you like he) English? 1 Do you like (he) Mina Molina? © nd} dstaiéndst 1 No, ane 2 No, tothe ig 2 No, et the a 4 No, t's up ahead. venTsETE. Legustgepiibrot Lagustgelotelt Légustalgenbahacat Lagustalabenisat Légustgelespanyolt Lagustgelinglest Lagustalasegyoritamolinat not astagérkat ndt bstalageréchat adh astalgigkyéraat ndt astaaeléntal ae gua ol euate? Le gute ol libea? ele guste el hotel? Le guna In enbajnda? La gata la venida? La gota ol eapatel? Le quota ol ingle? le gusta In seria Molina? td jon. No, end cores. No enh a In devecha. No ens «ln ingierd, [Noy cat adelante, sar 328 Yeu, ita atthe entraice. Yea ts be Yes, Ws there, ayketomar [intaksit Ie it aecennary to take 4 room? Is necenaary to take the ‘levi? 1 i nocenary to take anything the? necessary to say that? ln i secensary to traslate that? In it sncennary to cash a check? In it secensary to have sit estalgentréaat sit eotaest sit astast Syketomar [onkwartot Syketonar lelas(@ensort Syketomar |algomast aykedogir lost aykotraaugixlesot aykekambyar luncheket ayketener |chekexbyahorost SPOKEN SPANISH Si, enh ele entrada, Si, owt, Si ens a Bly gue tomar we taxi? lay que tomar en cunts? Alay que tomar algo me? lay que deci eno? lay que weaduce es Hay que cambiar wn chaque? lay que tener cheques vinjree? VEINTIOCHO SPOKEN SPANISH E _ pwese [kanbyarng lestechoket 1 Canyou beck thi bill ome? puede [kambysrg lestebidyotet 2 Can you change oe dollar pwéae |kambyarmg landolart foe ne? 3 Can you change the pen forme? puede Ikambyarme |Laplinat 4 Can you take me tothe batcl? puede Dyebarmg |alotelt puede [presentarng lalseqyormolinat tome? 6 Can you tale tbat? pusae laegizmg lesot 1 Can you repeat tht for me? pwede [zrepetizng lesot F kwantokwestguntaks; |S gémbsha¢anerakénat kwantokwes tguntaks3 [&lgémbshaet 2 How mach does kwantokuéstguntaks, [alételt wel cont? \VEINTINUEVE, UNIT 3 2Poede cambame eate cheque? aPoede cambiarme eatebllete? ePovde cambanme un diac? Puede cambiarwe la plana? ePonde levarme al hotel? Poede prosestarme Puede decieme eso? {Puede repetioe eno? ‘Arericane? 1 la Embajede 3.29 UNIT 3 15 How much doce taxi Columbus Avenue cont 4 How much does a tax dowatown cont? '5 How mack dee the book con? 6 How mack doe the room cont? 1 How mach does i cou? kwantokwest guntaks, |&labéni¢akolént koran tokwes tgunt aks [Algentrot kwantokwes tget)Librot kwantokwestgelkwsrto} kwantokwestad ‘SPOKEN SPANISH Coban eventa wn taxi a a {Cikato cuenta un tet al centro? iCudate cveota el libeo? Condit even courte? iCadate cute? SPOKEN SPANISH unr 3 32° CONVERSATION sTiMULUS wanearive 1 1 Me he et he Caen Glsbqyorhwayt [sta lgndldtelkolénl El Se. White enté en el Hotel Colén. 8 fe ba coo tere tyénghniondetg |8t Tie on como ah 8. He likes bie room. Légusta [elkwértéed Le puma el cart. (2) This and subsequent convert vecsaton. They ate divided ato one, two, ee moe combinations of maratives. and dialogs ‘The narrative patina teanelation dill of weae ences in’ seqacace contest, whichnetsthe stage forthe dialog following. The dialog is elicited lem the partipaote by the teacher, acting as ‘\jeomptr far layers who have bot learned thet lines very well Me tlle each what he shosld way (atl suck tine ax the lines we memerized), Inking sare tat the participants adérens each otber, talk sotraly and measiapfally, ad ally understand what they are s4ying The studeat should cover the Spanish answers while doing the naratives cally. He abou no need to look atthe materiala todo the Alialge eal. The following expressions are secensary forthe prompting or die ofthe dialogs. Tell bin ha. eioale Ike. Digale gue. [Answer him (hat). kéntestele [ké. Contéstele que ak hin préguntele |si. Poepintele Tell bis again (th. rrépitale [kes Repitae que... ‘TREINTA Y UNO aa UNIT 3 5 He needs to change « twenty dollar Bll. 6 The cashier's dak into the rei Jone, digee hoenon din” « Te tebe Sa, comtéstele“buenoe dias? Se, Wie y regintele wile busta el evar. Joan, contéatele que si, que le fata mucho, y que gracias Sees rogintle ai necesita algo. uns, digale gue ai, que Ud. quiere ‘cambiar a illte de veinte do. laces. Pregaatele que nde eaté caja, 332 nbgesitalgsy négésitakanbyar| sMyete aabeynteaélarést Lakangbsedddearéensh puatoc 1 buenoreads [sqyorstat bwenozeaés [sgy6rhusytt Légustgelkwartot sit mégustaméchd |ordgvast nbgesitalgot sil kyerokambyar [dnbsOyéte | adbaynteeélarést dondestalaksnat SPOKEN. SPANISH Necesita cambiar ua billete de ‘eine délares. Le cajeeoté a a dros. Joan: Buenos Sra. Buenos dias, Se. Rite Le goote el cute? Tous: Si, me goat mucho, gra Sci: (Necenta ales? Juan: Si, quiero cembiar ws billete de vente dSlares. ;Dbade ntl ln caja? TTREINTA ¥ Dos SPOKEN SPANISH Sen. dignle que entd abt, «le derecha Joan, digale que muchas gracia. 1 He gooe there. 2 The eae of exchange ia three to one 4 And how docs be wast i? 5 He wants two tention and TTREINTA ¥ TRES dstat |alacerechat michazgréqyast NARRATIVE 2 batt Blkanbygesta | atresporéndt kyérokambyar [beyntea6larést ikémoldkyéret kyére |ezaebeynte [idozaeay eg! Seas Fate a donee. Jona: Muchas gracias. Vaabs. El cambio on ates pr Quiete cambiar velate délares Y gebmo lo quiere? Cuiare dow de veins y dow de dies, 3.8 aa Jono, digale al eajer que diapentey pegntele que ‘como ents cambio, Cajero,coméstele que estén tees por oo, Jian, pregtele i puede cambiarle ‘nt billote. Cajro, pegstele que de cudatoce Juan, contéstele que ex de welts dears, Cajero, digale que con mucho isto, y regantele que cima fo quiere uaa, digale gue dn de veinte 1 do de dea, pot fave aero, coméatele que cémo no, ‘go aga ie putoc 2 dispénsél komo |gstaglkémby6t éstétrespordndt puddekanbyarnestebidyetet dbkuantgést Gzaébeyntedblarést kénmichogdst6t komoloky6rét dézdabeyntat iaozacayés [por fabsrt kémon6t Bkityénb} SPOKEN SPANISH (Cas Eat a ton por en. Joan: {Puede canbiarne ents willte? aj 2De entaro Juan: Ea de vote délares. aj: Con mucho get ier? Come Juan: Dow de veime y don de diss, por fever, Cas Como no, aga tene. ‘TREINTA ¥ CUATRO SPOKEN SPANISH 1H pons tothe American Enmbesty ina tax, 2 The Enbessy iat fr 13's on Columbus Avenue. 4 The taxi conta ow Chofer, gale que perdi, que ‘ome dee Jaan, repitale que a Ia Enbajada Sy peniatele i eat Chofer,coméstele que no mucho, oe cat en ln Avenida Colds TTREINTA Y CINCO arearive 9 bélgémbahSddméritkang lentékeit Lpénbshadandgstaléhtst ‘asta |gnbabenidakol6nt 4 1take’ [kuésta [4dzboyntiginkdt bistoc 3 Qyobeng |algémbshadamerakénat pérddnt komodiget astamuyléhoz [agakat nongehd} bstdgnitoenicaksiénd a Enbajada Americenn on La Bnbajuda noont leon. Joan: Lléveme la Embajada Nee Ct: Ponda, gebne die? Jana: A a Embajada Anericane, Bath my lejos de agai? as unr 336 le que don veatcineo. Juan, digele que aut tiene, que pacias. Chofer, gale que graciaa «1. ovantgést dozbayntiginkdt akityéné! gragyast grogyaagustee [saqyért SPOKEN SPANISH Juan: Calatoo0? Chet: Dos veinticines. Joan: Aqui tiene, gracias. Chet: Gracie a uted, str. ‘TREINTA Y SEIS ‘SPOKEN SPANISH 41 BASIC SENTENCES, White meets Motion tthe Embassy, Me. ite a [ENGLISH SPELLING ) ove to oe) toyou owe Phite How much dol one you? (hey ae (tobe) the chasowe Driver owe peso. (chey told, sid (tell to ay) DD tome (hey) told they would be (tobe) Fhive [A the betel they told me id be two, 1 the Eebacey by taxi aod pay the deve. AID TO LISTENING débdt débért Leténst kwantoleaéoot sont séet e1-cho feet sonkwatropésés} dihertnt dégirt mé-diherént séritnt sévt bnb16tel |nddineron [kb sériandést unr 4 [SPANISH SPELLING debo (eben) le dobo White Coke le debe? (ner) sl choter Chofer de taxi Son contre pes Aijeron ecie) we dieron seria Ger) Fhive En el hotel me dijeron que ‘eran don, a on + SPOKEN SPANISH © gle Go ged ays aaeh dey a) to you give ™ aenadyt ledoy a L-prépinat 1a propina Tr give you tee, One fr tip. Léaoytrés} Gnodeprop inal Le doy tro. Une de opin. ‘good, OK bwends boone Tas drer One OK. Thank you, sr bwendb gragyas |stnyér} (We. hte enters the Embassy Introced to one ofthe young les goes tothe Administrative Office, He ‘employees with whom be is going tbe ass Administration officer be ee Oficial atninisvatve Me. Molina, this is Me. White. sényormolinat esteselsenyorhwéyt} ‘Setior Molina, éste es el sefior whe her goes tho go) pat art ae) to work tzabanget teabajne nésotrést sonctros He ngs to work with batrabanar |kbG)nbsétrdst Va a eabaar con sono. so much tantel eae setae hin ond goriét ate 2 os SPOKEN SPANBH Molina Tr very glad to bnow you, Be. White. Frise ‘The plesure's mine. when Molina How long have you been here? esterday Fhe Since yesterday. ow, Bow gone it the Moire How wan the wip? ‘TRES tantogusto |tekonogérlé |séqyérhwéytt mot Blgustgezmsot dezast kowanddt dbzaekwandg lestakss ayeet dézagayert tal ketant ai-pyanat ketalelbyénat Molina “Tanto guste de conacer io White Bl guato oa mio. donde ccmndo Molina {Dende cufade eat agai? oe viaje? 4a UNIT 4 SPOKEN SPANISH excellent axs(Qerented setete White P Encl ska(elented "Incl. @1-mopimyentot el moviniemto Lacsékgydnt In enccifa kenstlaet coneular 1 these much activity inthe ay Imachomobanyentg [énLasékgy6n |kénsUlarakit lay mecho movinieao en la wee- conouer ection bre? lon cour ee?™ neat kasi ast always syemprat siempre (ne) are tobe) astambst astael estamos (tae) busy (te occupy) bkopadést skopart cupados (ocupat) Sit k&sSsyemprestamoz ImyokupSaést ey bey. (you) apeak to apeak) ablat ablart he Pera. Do'you speak Eaglih, Mr Molina? abl guste@ingles |sény6rmdlinat 4a Molina Si. Cant aiempee exten moy ‘cupados. abla (habla) Fhite {Ulabla usted indo, sober Molina? cuatro SPOKEN SPANISH (1) epeak to epeakd lite ile Moire Yes. Tepeake litle, but (ou) must, ough (ut cog) to pectice Bat you ought to practice you: Spanish, the perpooe by the way (yor) pronounce {te pronounce) (Gor) learned (to lees) (6) By the way. ‘You spenk it and pronounce i ‘ery walle here did you learnt? cinco, able} ablart pokdt ‘orpokst Si apiginp6Kbt perdt devel dabart praktikart pérgts tea |¢ebepraktikar [elespanyolt Bl-proposites aeprbpositet pronungy8t préningyairt apréndyot apréndert aprépositet gablg [114prénungya |muybyén} dondelgaprendys+ UN « ‘able (hablar) poco Molina i, bblo un poco. debe (eben) practicar 11 popteite 1 popisito ronuncin (eon) saprends (aprender) A popésito ‘Lo bla y lo pronascia mey Bice eDiade lo apend unt 6 the scoot he loging tongs choo of languages the sate ited toate) the United Stat Whe ‘Av language school inthe Statens the hing 07 toy) Molina ‘cher thing. Dost call me Me Moline. ny (nine) the sae My name ia Joe a the mine Whe (Oh. Allright. Mine fs Joba. 4s Agreskwelad LéLéngwit dskwelante-Léngwas} al-tsteadt aniadt onitt Lbs-tetSads-tniadst anfingdskwéladdlengwas [énldsbstadosinfatst Likosat digit dégirt no-me-aigat Otrakésat nomeaiga |seqyormolinst mit midt a1-nombré} minonbreshosé+ a ai-nist & miybyént bimigastwént SPOKEN SPANISH 1a enceela 1a Lengo cscvela de logan st eatade (a) lew Exadon idan Fhe En une excala de lenges on lan Estados Uniden. a coon igs (doce) some don Molina (tre con, Noe digs enter Molina, - tte) lentes Mi nombee on Jonds a hue ‘Ab, may bien. El mio on Juan, ‘SPOKEN SPANISH UNE 4 4.10 Netes on the basic sentences (@) /aah6r0n/ ijron i «Past Liem form o uly iegela tye which wll not be dilled in detail etl Unit 23. (2) Notice that inthe English waualtion the word /K@/ “that” ia left untranslated, eventhough we can also say “They told me that 1d be two? This omission in Enainh ie ery common, but it never happens in Spanish. While there wil e ills ov thi mater later in this texts it wold be well fr the student fix in his miod here au now te fact tht the verb. /S@GSx/ “to aay, tovel” almayseequees /ke/ “Aha” alter it if thore bn sosther verb being intradaced by 2 (2) Notice that the word /16/ te i “Go) you" in the comet ofthe complete sterance. Forzal uige ia contexts that mean “you! is ‘ctully the sume as a howe that ean ‘hin, her". The sentence /Leddy trSet/ le day res can be tanalated either “Tl give yo tvs’, “Til give him tees, or “Tl give her ties", and ony the context will istngsiah which raalation is appropiate (4) Oee ofthe very comon anes ofthe definite article in Spanish where i in never ned in Eaglih i in talking about person whose sane is cted with /sonyox) w /senyor {ta/ w /seqy6ra/: "The Mee Mite’, “Th le Suit’ te (5) The fm /10/ oi pps beri he Keel eaig “h sex ete) sory aes th few Je Ten Spin Fe Deonogéshe) cancers anell ad Peonogerl0/conecerta, Nev {teach can ey pot ow wich fm be teal wee (7 0» sed ter inh tirence ere Spin od La Aveo i pet ony scart lea cle fen tin Sve ite oie erect ema Pe tetera bat efersng tothe person being eddeased (hatin "yon" — on who plans to go £0 Spain should pectic saying bes to point et thi difference thoughout this book, woh oem /10/ is ed tx Latin America Taman being where /10/ would (© /aprendy6/ aprends x wregalar Pst I tence form which wil be drilled i Unit 17 (1) The form /44G2/diga ix» commend form which wil be dled, along wth thes of the type, in Unit 27. Ax it can be uned wih te meaning ‘all. the present sentence, UNIT 4 42 sa saa a DRILLS AND GRAMMAR Paern dlls Number in nouns and adjective Presentation of pattern ILLUSTRATIONS and me the books. 1 pasemelozLibedst (ive we the pra 2 domelasplimas! 3 pwede |kimbyarme |indzdolarest Give me seme pee. 4 dengunasplinae! 5 bwenoz@aas |séqy6rt 6 buenaznochés |sdpyéritat 1 machazgrégyas |séqyért SPOKEN SPANISH Phosme Loe libros. Deine las planas ePacde canbineme anos dileee? Déne anas plunas Buenos das, setee. Buenas noches,seberita. Machas gracias, sede. ‘SPOKEN SPANISH EXTRAPOLATION ‘Nouns and adjectives iogulae pla vowel vowel 8 Partially irogulae patterns ofeticles Definite aticlee |__se et a A »| un ungs =| a Jos tf] una unas s| de las ‘Spanish now, like Engi 'b, Spanih adjectives, anlihe mont English adjectives, alae bave differeat forma inthe pla NUEVE nores une, have dfferest forme ia the ple. unr 4 4“ unr 4 A2LAL Sebattnin dil -nanber abetiteion Model Problem: ‘aki [Syandtelbwéndt Model Anewer: aki [6yinbsbtelezbuéndst 1 téngginaplumgeks()eléntel 2 tyénélmizmolibrot 3. kyergelotroaélart SPOKEN SPANISH ténggindsplimascks(@eléntést tyénélézmizmoziibrost kyerolosotrozaélarést Model Peele: Aqui hay hate boone, Model Anemer: ‘Aqui hay enon hoteles buen, 1 Tengo wan plums excelent 2 Tose siamo lite, stro lar. (Q) Nanber asbattetion ingulr nouns (and way annocate 410 orate chao between singular and poral fama. Ta the pres jective) vo plral and plarel nouns (vith 57 anvociated adjec ‘Tengo unas plamas excelesten. iene los miamos libros. (ero Ton otro ‘lll these forma are nouns ies) tm ‘SPOKEN SPANISH 4 téngginchekebyanérds 5 ablo[kénlaséybritgespagy618s 6 nbpdsitgunanesabwéndt 7 abla [kéndlmizmgamerakénd} UNIT « téngginéschekezbyanérbst ab1o [kbn1A(s) séyéritasespanyélast nbpesitgunazmesazbuénast abla lkén1dzmizmosamerikéndst ‘Tenge excel Hable coo las sorta eopatolas. Neces ons meres buenas. Habla cou lee mismon americence on UNIT 4 4.2112 Reaponse drill 1 kyérépokagwat omichat 2 Sblgustea Ikonélmizmosegyortokonstrot 3 tyéng lotraplumatolamszmat 4 Sb1gustéa Imichgespany6lt opbkot 5 tyénglotroziibrost olozm{zmést Léndigentrot] 6 dondesta lLasényoritgespany61at Cénlinesat] 7 dondesta |1aménedamerakénat SPOKEN SPANISH kyéropokat 4610 [koné1mazmo} téngotrat SbLapokot tengo |1ozmizmbst Lastayéri tgespanyolg léstdgn élgentrét Lanén6éamérikang lestagnianésit 1 Quiere paca agus © mucha? 2 Hlabla Ud, con el miame seer 0 con ro? 8 (Tiene orn plume ol 4 labla voted mucho eapatol o poco? 5 {Tiene otros leo 0 lon mines? (ene centro) 6 Déade eaté In netoritaexpatola? mesa) 7 gDéade eaté le moneda americana? 42 sire poe Hable con l wie, Tengo ore. Hable poco Tengo los miamos. La sedorta espatola est en el centro. [La moneda americana exten la mes Doce, SPOKEN SPANISH Cait] 8 [kénda) sdqyords!) 9 Calmizmbt) [pokst] 10 a rey 13 14 15 dondesta [gl ibrobwéndt Seagistén hémist9stgyoroeingtase tyongistet lotrolabrot Seagustoeimichgespanystt Sylesendasténczbmends[akst tyénétiya Imichazmonedas [ambrikanast ay ImGchomobimyénty lenlasékeyén kénsolart négésitg lindschékézbysherost unr « aL ibrobweng lestaest nGt abo IkénLa(e) stayorasinglésist agt agt ténggbimizndt apopoKdt si} Symuchdst sit tyénémuchast sit bymichat sit ndgésatgdndst ‘TRECE (elie) 10 (poco) tt 2 2 “ 6 Dinde ots el libro bueno? {Hlablawoed con lee sedores ingles? {iene sate otro lites? ‘Habla uated macho enpaol? lay muchos hoteles beenoeagal? {Tiene ella machas mosedas americanus? ‘lay mucho movimieato ea la secciba conga? Necesta unos cheques winjeron? Noy hablo con las sedorasinglena. Noy tengo ol mismo No bablo poco. Sis hay suchas. Si iene machan, St hay much Si, necesito 4a un 4 SPOKEN SPANISH 1 There aay goad ‘AkL4y Imichaseskwelazbwéndst Aga hay muchas excuelae 2 There's an excellent lay longeskwelgeks@eléntél sched ee cele 3 Labware syémprgablo |kbn Lizmzma(s)seqyérast Siempre hablo con ‘he sane pe 4 Can you change sone puedekambyarmg |indzménedasamerikanast Peede canbinrme unas Anercen coe fr wa? oven smorcanas? 5 Thaves’t got the other notengo |lésotrozdolarés |aérat No tengo los otros délares dalle now 6 Uhave very few bila, ‘tén96 Imuypokozbidyétess Teago ney pocos billets 7 Hand me another pencil. pasemg|otrol4pigt Péseme otro lapiz. 1 Give me the ather checks dome |1daotroschékest Dime toe otros cheques 9 tatays ave gd tie. —_syémpretyIpxbpinazbwénast Stop oy ain ou caTonce SPOKEN SPANISH UNIT 6 0 Dincsion of pattern Bath Eaglish abd Spanish use the concept of munber, which dataguishes one (oingslar from mare than one (pla). English nu ‘epolarly edd am ending fr ploral forme, eth endings ofthe words “eats, dogg, hasog the particular ending that appears depending oo ‘what coved the sngslar form enda with. La Spanish th plrsl ending elno depends onthe lant sound of the vingalar form thoogh with «tif- words ending witha vowel add /—S/, with «consonant, /—e5/ as /mésa — mésas_ otél—otéles/. Aaj English do oot urully chage inform when modifying plral nouns: ‘the boy - the boys, good book - god books. However cle 3 tive) can appear oly with sngslar noun: "a boy bat “some boys, und the devon ‘nratives (another special Kind of adjective, often weed when posting) genuinely change when modifying plral nouns: “this boy = these oye, ‘Hat boak = those books ‘moat all Spi vot eet equivalent lini ther application, definitely or indefinitely) are lightly iegular. The nen this section with iegolar elements sndelined adjectives change fore for singular and pra he name nay noo do; tha in add /5/ if the word ends one, the! in English, weed before nouns to ten re charted inthe presentation of patern that bogen for presentation of the. uN « ‘SPOKEN SPANISH 4.21.2 The regular verb /estSr/ A. Presesttion of patter ILLUSTRATIONS 1 dstoybyénlorSgyast 1 vot B Pm in the battroom. 2 yogstoy lane lbsgydt Yo estoy on el baso. you fam.) tt « (920) ae tobe) astéel deeded ona) How ar you? 3 Kkongastastat esti 82 4 Kkongastaystéat a exté ted? be at a How in be? 5 komgas ta6lt Cn este 2 he eat lla How in whe? 6 komges tagoyat 1 késisyemprestamoz Imiyokupsebst ‘you) ace (ph. (eo be) éstant éstart 4s SPOKEN SPANISH yout How ate you all? they én.) How ar they? DIECISIETE unt 6 astéadst = @ kongestanustédést {Cio estén eatedea? Soydst ellos 9 komgestandiydst {lms estéa ella? EXTRAPOLATION * 2 ae pecen estoy esténos 2nd praca eons extés 2d peroma fonel esté estén Sed person ores Spaninh verbs change to aaree with their subject for singular and plea, foe fist person (D, second person (Jou), aed thied perros (he or saything else), Second pes i frher dition for familie ot fra Second perso foral and third perso tke the sare vee farm inthe singular prnoe tke the same form inthe plural UNIT 4 SPOKEN SPANISH 4.21.21 Sohatition dilla- somber eubatition Mel Problem: éstamosenelotelt Model Anewer: astoyenelotélt 4 éstanatt astant 2 éstanozbyént astoybyént Eatoy bien ae iEciocHo ‘SPOKEN SPANISH unm « ‘astébyen [Akt 3. astémbyen [akst 4 ésta [ynlgeskwé1at ‘stan [enlgeskw6lat 5 éstoylenlgembahsaat stands lenlgenbansaat 6 nogstabyén [ast nogstambyén [st 1 stands lenelgéntrdt botoyenalgéntedd atk bien as Baud bien ae. DIECINUEVE Entd on Ia escuela oy on la Embajada, Nowoté bien ahi Entamon enol conto. Eatan on Ia esceela Estamos on la Enbajade Nooatén bie Entoy en el cent Person -nunber subatitaton Model Problen: antonyg lestagnolgéntrt ustedes, 4 adel Answer: bs tanonalgéntrdt 1 yogstéy |moybyénskst SPOKEN SPANISI 420 alsqya, 4 ast lmaybyénskst nds6trés, 4 astémbz |moybyénakst Alsgyagantényg__} éstén |moybyénak tt astés, 4 ést6 |miybyénakst Node! Prolen Antone exté eno cent Uneden Model Aner Fetdn en el centro, 1 Yo estoy nay bien sas, Alicia Nosotros Alieiny Usted Enid aay bien ag. Entamoe may bien aq stim muy bien age Ent wey bin eu vere SPOKEN SPANBH 2 pablglestagnigembahsaat yo antonyg, 4 Loséqyore: 4 Lasénydrita, 4 2 anigyayué lstdaSaanstocent yo, 4 states, 4 elpantonyy 4 aya, 4 unr ¢ astoyenigenbansaat dstagnigembahadat astanen] gembahsaat estagnigembansaat estoyenelotelt dsténeneiotént astanenelotélt astagnelotélt veINTIUNO 2 Pablo enh en la Embajada. y. Anton Lin eetore, La seborita 83 Alicia y yo estanos en el butel Estoy en la Embajada Enh on la Embajale, Eatin en la Enbsjeda. Enubon la Embsjada an UNIT 4 421.22 Response dill estalasenyorg |énalotelt SPOKEN SPANISH 1 genlgenbahsaat astégnigénbshagat 2 estanlozbityates lakitgagt bsténbkst 3 Sstanustedes |énlgaskwelat genolotélt dstémdsanlgaskwel’t 4 bstin10(@) seqyores [akst ésténdnalgentedd genelgéntrdt Coyént] 5 komgestaystéad és t6ybyen| grégyast Censlgentrd$] 6 dondastaglotelt dstagndlgentrdt 7 kongestanustéatst bstémbzbyén lordgyast 1 a a sede on el bel oon la Es ath on lambada, 2 Eat low billets agto ahi? Eatin ag 5 gEnti Uda. es In encnlaoenel hte? Estamos on a cscila 4 Bat low sebocen aqui oon Eatin eno esto (ie) 5 {Camo etd ented? Eatoy bie, Gracie (om leer) 6 cDinde ext l hel? Baek enol cones (ies) 7 Cio ens eneden? Estamos bien, Gracias veunipos: SPOKEN SPANISH Cgerkat] [énglgentres] Cénigémbahagat] 10 8 dstalgendsheta |ehozselgentrot 9 Sstanlols) senyores [akat dstaysted lenbiotelt 44 Sstansdyaz Ibyénaxit 12 Sstanustedes |akipatost 13 dstaysted lokopadot estégerkat Ssténbnélgentrot astbyenl gémbanadal asténmuybyént Sit estémbzmuy [dkopacdst sit estoymuy [okipsaot (Gcorca) 8 {Est la Embajde lejoe del contro? (on el como) 9 gEatb lo sebores aqui? (en le Exbujada) 10 jEaté uated en el hotel? ML Bouin el au? 12 (Eatin eatedes ocupadon? 13 Baus wated ocupad? No, eth eres. No, estén No, estoy en la Enbajada, costo. Si, estoy my ccupado, 423 UNIT 4 421.25 Tranelation dill 1 The books are onthe table, 2 We're ina hotel «long may ‘rom bere 13 How ace you? 4 Are you ouey? 5 The elevator isto the let. 6 Where’ the i? 1 Columbus Avenue is very sear 8 They're very busy. 9 Goad evening. How are you? rr LézLibros lestanenlanésat astamos [éndndtel |Lehoztgak st komgestaystéat dstaystéa [okopadot b1as(@ énsor [estalgagkyéreat dondésta |1akéhat Labandakdlon [ast émuygerké [desks yds |ésténmiyokupsesst buenaznochés! komgestaystéad SPOKEN SPANISH Loe libros estén en ba meee Eatamon ete Injon de ag Uno ead ated? Bat eted ocepade? El ascensor ent a le inquierde Dlade enh ta nie? La Avenida Colds exte may coroa te Flog estés may ocupades. Bu nockes, {Cmo eaté uated? VEINTICUATRO SPOKEN SPANISH unr 4 B, Discussion of patter ‘The following discussion aeeds the pie clarification of two concepts: ‘verb — a word identified in English bythe eadiage it can occur with, ax: work, works, worked, workigg, o some interes meditation, 4: “sing, sings, sans, sing, singing.” Spanish verbs ave similarly identifies by comparable Hough more numerous an complex) ‘dings aed changes,” Verbs io English eocureneey ss the catogries of pernon,aanber, and case, The flloning chart ita at person u Gos and m= ith ant you 2nd person you (ou and be) (ou ane Bal) he they she (Ge aod she) Tees i Gill and be) (the book) | the Books) veuticico ont 6 ‘SPOKEN SPANISH ion to English verbs. Mont verbs in English our ingle farms: “Ubit be hitey I dig be dpa, Tis ~ be minsea". In Span there are sally five(1)walely used frmsywhich accompany and agree with diferent pronoun abject, showing perros and number distinctions. The following chat isves examples of thene ferme, with the vetd os =8I/. 6 estéy | nosétros estémos +6 estés vstéd ustédes 41 ests | Ayes estén aya yas sntinction Between seco person sings familiar an second person sng formal farms ln Spain, tno perocas arasig each eer ml select ooe a two subject ewes, Lee /Ust6G/ s=//-Automatcally the accompanying vee will the apes ending depending og which jeopous bas been selected. They te acreare “Hew se your” canbe umnalated ether ae /KEDQ-OStEYotEdL/ we PRCNgES Eso EON “This stetion ives» ptr fpereol estos Fariernorey it implies that the spoaher mart select one st farm othe shor when divecing enter inivdul dealing chee {ersonal elaioshipn Far the soe of bevy, he distinction volved fave bees ered formal / Ss C84 /and fomiiar/ £67 andi peveal may fCeeepod tothe enage of ‘Str ‘Mister ed fat names Eglin However the Spi and English sung fo at coelate on hired pet ent adi Spanish tere ie for gation fom ermal tail in which bot the election ni/ust dor /CO/ on the ane ote eat mest lar ates play an impart part Thus a econ Me Joan Mol there are the following possibilities {Climo eathtedy wee Molina? Climo est sted, Jans? {Glin eat ested Molina? {tno nthe Juan (1) Two other form exiets /Los6tros/ in ther dialet areas: and /bOS/,5 2nd person Ia Bath /oos6tr05/ end /96s/ require separate and distinct 426 VEINTISEIS ase in parts of Spain, though considered archaic ‘some areas in place of er alongide £5, the more common frm. valet verb forme See Appendix. SPOKEN SPANISH uN 4 1k doesnot follow that in hia enawer to recting, Me. Molin is automatically going to une the some aot of forma selected by the fet xpeakar. Fer the statun of personal relationshipa between two individalo depends on euch factrs as thei difeeace in age pried of maual acquaintance, ok, and fan relationhip. There are Aterences which ee of thumb which can guide the stdout in hia selection of usted a i forma. Rater “develop an he adjone to the coltwal pattern of the individuala Spanish verbo, unlike English (except inthe cave of commands), can appear with no accompanying pronoun or noun subject with m0 lone of meaning content, it, they conten thei pronominal reference. Indeed they moat frequently Zo appear a se present for special emphasis oe contest ot ualve (an in peooble with Sd person arma) the context dons not al Ths the fllowiogteaaltioncorelations are seually erect [estéy/ tem 16 est6y/ Jestés/ youwe [6 ostés/ Jests/ —labadatyounrey | /61 ests/ Jestémos/ we we /nosbtros estémos/ Jestén/ — theylyouare (/Byos estén/ The verb /eSt81/ as conan iepnaition inte pattern, namely the enon f /—y/_ tothe Cat prt single farm ad the occurence af ate othe eaiogs ofall sage sad secod tied praca paral oma. fhe’ inegulaitica will become mae view by conan wb th eguae pen nbich wll Le pesented i Unk 6, SPOKEN SPANISH an sénkwatropésdst senyoritas! sonkwatrosenyoritast a re bsunasenyorital senyért esinsenyért Scho. 4 séndchosenyérést ablarast sénochod6larest dbv6, ! débochoaslarést tén96, 4 téngochods1arést A Som conto peso, , sesorta. Son eto nortan, 2 ae a ane stort 3 sete. Ea sede. 4 ache Son ocho senor 5 diaes Son ocho dares. 6 De Debo acho dala 17 Tengo. ‘Tengo ocho dares. 42 venriocHo ‘SPOKEN SPANISH B dézaékwandg|estakst 1 bsté 4 2 estamos__} 3 Skupsasst 4 bras. + 5 anibsbstadosiniadst ‘ estoy. 4 1 esta UNI 4 Sstakwandg lestakit Astékwandg lestamosaktt Astakwandg lestamosokupSabst dézadkwandg |estamosokupsadst dézadkwandg lestamos |Enldséstatosuniadst 62abkwandg lastiy lénldséstadosin{adst dézaékwandg lesta |gnldsbstadosiinsadst 1 cobndo ent aqui? Vesna ean 3 oan Queue —— Quen ‘lo Que tena : ue dere —— ue ones SPOKEN SPANISH unr 6 _ Retasdin lstéads [séqyérast 1 waded ast ldyort 1 akong liste lsnybct 4 aay sta lednyért : coaigg liste [séqyért t sara 1 1 kéngostanistéads lséqyérést konges taystée [séqydritat 6 stgyarst dogndestist6e [soqydritat © denes ted, eters? D —yokyerglinsanyichtohaméad 4 poo tomate 3 sopa. 4 6 5 yee: 4 6 nésotror, 4 1 negara SPOKEN SPANISH sikyérg apokdeananod sckyrglinpskoeetonbtét 4dkyorg indsopagatonstat vokyérollasSpaestonktat scoysbs lisspaaetonstbl ndsotroz oyébamoz |1asopadetomstel Youre and de jt Nemo eames ope de emt Nase teramae apd lps, SPOKEN SPANISH £ basabibirlenelotelt 1 —______estésosiniaost basabibir lenlosestadosinitost 2 ‘trabahar. 1 basatrabahar lenlosestagosunadost 3 désean ’ Gésdantrabahar lenlosestagosinigost 4 embanagat déséantrebahar lenlgonbahagat 8 kyere___ kyeretrabahar lenlgenbehagat ‘ almorgar. 1 kyérgaleorqar lenlgenbahadat 7 pédemos ot pbeémosalnoryarlonlgonbahacat Yee ela Dean ajar Ie Enaden Ua Devan ajar on be Ebaea? sare aaa ota abe? {Ase ln oe ada? ‘Peden aleve a Ean venerrnes nigh pyenscbuskar lunapartanéntés — kyero otelt at pédenox—__t ——, eokontrar__t apartangnedst nat not sit kyerobuskar lunapartanéntot kyerabuskarunotéld kyerobuskarelotélt pédenorbuskarelotélt pbaenozbuskarelotélt pécemoseqkontrarelotélt pécemosenkontrar |105 apartanéntést No, plement hat 5 pdeme atca hal i, paloma aco bate ‘plone ncn Io pana, SPOKEN SPANISH A imi |traygane [sopaselegéabrést 1 ig erin 2 Bing mea cle 4 Beng ne a bee 5 Che a ome) ma eh 6 Give me ome) mr hope 1nd weave. B aybmpastel [demanganatkézmiytméné+ 2 Tan's wach aggre inv vr ge Ani Jtrcyobapinesacht ni [eraysing lmpssté1dining sot Ant [esiysng ingéneblnaeotonstét ink [urdysiopinigcabéqit fi labninsts6p8t ink lednendsensiétist An [pisdoginaning nb ayanbing lanerikanotkézauybuéndt ayongoskwola [aelengwastkézmuybuénat ost 6 A a phe soe masa, ee Heys conde nga gu ot my os om 6 Thee sane aprtnet,bt 1 Ther sue pa onthe dks trayaalparalozaést 1 Beng eng othe hn oo 2 Bring vegetable Syinsogyorakitkéngeblgespagy61t Ayinésapartanentéstpérénésén lauytwéndst Syonasplunas léndléskritorydt pérénoson imuybuénsst trayoa Isopateleginbrést ‘treyga lnashamént pasemelsquat ene Imazbindt SPOKEN. SPAN side go oy been “hag psd een SPOKEN SPANISH 16 ine we the il D keleparege [sindstratamornetot Sens (oe aps 2 at do you ay (mers Spih? 2 a eyo ym i 4 ac do yoy lw tae he 6 Ma de yo ny lw go 17 Mn yo ay i we et anh on? E tyenozeragént Joeth venisi-r: démedakwént at Abisonestacineél kel paroge ls,ablanoezepaqyélt kel pindye edpatkttkasacepanyélt keldpsrdqa ledténdndbénst éddodrdye[nttdndnds615ei9 onset kélopardye loipiedSearaléntst Kodapbe04é litindenayénit keleparege lsgalmbrynosadrat tyondzreagon|hic6l owt 6 Di a cosa. Avaome eta. 10a paver Oat epee toma vis? a epee a tome scene? ol Le ps panes sels? AGet le pee van at Out unr 6 2 You at rig Jour 5 Phe. (6 Charl ad May evry apy. F mogdt Lskwentit The chesk 2 doepht Te pee 1 Ganlneat Com ae on ndtyénderrayé inbe6h tyenarragént eogderagént énogénbred karlosimaria [tyénénmuchémbrét “Osteaes [tyénénmichinbrét Séqysritht Lbkwontat stoyor! eolaprét hosel aDlapigh nogst Sldeérechit oqo} agwamineralt sényord! Slaiqkyeraat séqyordst deéLantet SPOKEN SPANISH Notte ratty Jo, “Tonge bete. ares y Mca ines mace ane. (Moral La emma, [Sette Le eae, [Setar EL es, ee Et pis Meet Ate aac ‘Mort Ags miner. [Sete A engine, (Seta Adtae SPOKEN SPANISH 624 Ravin itl — The he eine ale wi an es agate te letnyéenb Lindh ev ia? singosts iphséqyorast nat ee ingastaystée lobgySrttnbyth Me i Mh git [Léndqydritabwéyth 1 An, i Mn it sinybend Lindt kagéets [Lasanyorstaimsytt an iH as a? sinyérttiebLindt Kénposts [asogyorstatméyt |S Ms, Molina, how's Ms, White? ‘séqyérénd Lindt Kéegestalasegyorahmsytt Séqydrandlindt éstelasegyorahwayt |bkit ségydritinéling! éstalasonyoritahwayt lakit 1 in se bn? stgybenbtingt bstogtsonySehwayt kit 9 Me Malina, where's Me. Mit from? séqySrmbLinkh déeondes |a1séqyorhsytt 10 Matin, hn’ Ms We an? séqyB tab inkl beGndar ésdnyérita tndyeh Wea nly veloped hey wil wos by ela leh veneriueve ‘Sr Mtn et a aie Me? ‘Se Mtn, et a Sr Mite aga Serta ota, nt eet White et Se Man, ent eS. he ag? Seite Molin de ade I ste The will evi ad carl satire one vil renee wll 12 We linn Mite an) Ameren? 15 Mie Maing i Mae Mie a) 1B ees tla sd nk aa a able, 5 Mts ale sag oho ee aed, dbeSodeshet6s lobqyériné inst iadsdgysranwayet [Link] SapiséqySzhwoyt linérikanst ségySritimblindt ézlaseqyoritabmayt | amérikanat hagearire 1 séniasongét hoseghwan [tomanuinanésat kyoremberolnenss hosckyereprobar [Las chiletareayéreot ‘tanbyonbakoner lingénsélasareleginbrést tyéndadchémbrot 2 Meant hin? Teper ‘Tne mocks hates seat SPOKEN SPANISH oxo, dg “bree die ln st Sond amine ue hfe Treinrs gov hae tbo chase Mou coudsele qu cata my been, Joa, cmttele «Jat gu “Move se anebich de nin oes oe dig alata at) ge gu e ‘TREINTA YUKO hwam [bakoner [insanwaichéch aman kd Abchoggitonstsl bed hed hySraninc goats ‘bwénérdads Iséqy6rés! déscanberelmenut Si lporfau6rd kongestén [Léscholetaz seqerebt éstinmuybwénst kéLeparegé [hwén |siprébandsésot 0 [téngbouchsnbré: dt yokyergunsangich ladkwalkyerkésat éLopbndge lis Sngichtéhindn | Kénichigpatonétsl usr 6 eee cor on Terabe tata Mone: Eat ney brn ees {Qe epee, Ja i mee otange mee Laine Siig Manes ot le nce wn asic de Tete oa ecage y ome? on vw 6 ta tu cress or ee Inds digests ue «Ui 1 Joe ae he anh ty make 5 Sods Je, ca 1 Joes Aastivydnt ginigésteqatnbyén[pbrtinsrh niiotral kendbsehOletast suena hun idgietindcngeLetngteht setmybwéinst LiechtLéedneéyenrg féstdnbenaetonbyént noedhyengIoteanaan eat Atwantiaby tot bse |kyérétratérahwan dotGs Iwandg de tdbyént ‘A Jas ete mac ol sen. au may bee. Lae canned cord nde nae tai Ian dee geet bin ‘TREIeTA Dos SPOKEN SPANISH ek, ptt «Jango ad at “es andy bees Protarle2 St ee gota cht. ead cutan oreta my bee Tashias Pegs a gnats ore Sans dae gu Ure gure 958 ads gale go ot go Ue eid, Tere entre gr gute pee Je digale qu nl ban gre. 1 Jo ede a apron 1 gpng oak fr oe. REReTA Y THES putoc 2 ketalelséogich Ihménd mégustamichd$ éstémiytnéndt Alaschaletist ketéit AstéonivomtndsIambyént hyerg Serigoenonat krésckesit j0stestanbyent shlyStinbyéolpérokslepissee| sindstratamoreetst astebyent sitdkyerest nanrarive 3 wan Inégésitgunapartanéntdd babuskardndt ns {Qe ae annie, Je? Inne Ne gute mache cl maybe, "fen hase? Jess Ene oy bent abide {Osse arecerer Jans Grego of 2 etd tanh? Js Si, osama, Pera Jee Ea Mat nat queen Jem een opens Yeshew en, 23 de ping ep Joba iad ae, 1 Bats caper trina apt hhosé [bSySedrahwan Ipénkéntraréndt béir [kénel [méqyandt porlamigyana Insgstsrdkipaea [pbrs porlatarte inét hwankyergir lalastrést Ahwan [Léguste l816tel [dondestéd pérgdzmarLaréte [Libireninapartanéntod uwoc 3 hésdt négésito fbaskarunapartanéntél kyoresauseaznet konon6} yotepuesgayuar [kbnmichogéstot ‘tu basgestar lokopaeomapyanat Adan et etl donde ae oe nd ane vr osm epatann, ‘aaa eas mee car sep ‘ne iOatre peare? ts Ch ayo pods ey con Ines {Tans at cede mana? ‘rmewra ycuaTHO SPOKEN SPANISH ns etnele qego bem, Jed ge gra don 0 Jon gale ga as we epee bien pérldndpySnsetlpbnbosebnie Liz porlatareel akgorat alareos [galastrestsitépiréget Alastrér Inepareqebyént nbtéqustgelotel [dondest Si pérépyénso [kérmacbaraté | bibtréningprtinéntoh Jus Jets ute 6 Pa mata ay eo plane ie Navn gt tel Zod na? Sete penn gr enn arate SPOKEN SPANISH 7.1 BASIC SENTENCES. White and Moline look fr an apainette Jobo Whi walking oer tM ENGLISH SPELLING Mona "This in my car. old rhe a arg) uantty the advertisement AID TO LISTENING elmawtst steam suet byehot ézpyeno |perobuénbt al-peryoaikdt bamosaber lelpery6aikdt Larkantiadat kerkantiaéat al-aningydt Molina leave the restaurant: onthe way ot they pick wpa aewepaper to check on apartment leads. ‘They ate SPANISH. SPELLING Notina viejo Ea viejo pore bueno. el peribiicn ‘Vamos « ver el price, 1a canidad ‘uf cantidad Lanuncio a uN 7 SPOKEN SPANISH Phe ‘What a busch of ade! ke [kantiaaagantngydst dbmasyagst demasiado dbmisyaghst domindoe perked poe qué (we) aoe (to nee) bembst bert vemon (vee) the fiend al-anigdt lanigo the agency Agrthéngyat a agen Wotina ‘Too my. hy don't ne «tind of mine who bar ae (ema) opency?) abnamigomio Ikétyengunahéngyat démasyatbst porkenodenos | (They goto the rental agency at Molina saggvated. After the introduction of Whi and eubr formalin, they inguite abot apartment.) alkilart sail OLségyér [4eséaleilar [tndpértinentsd 12 os SPOKEN SPANSH pbr-aorat solst désdkopaast désdktpart portora |solotengoa6z |assdktpsaest the buildiag bl-seitigysd the fel, the country a1-kampot Lingenalgentrot ens leaifigyo |aelkSmpdt without sind the pce eens e1-mwcieb the famines Lbe—eweb lest hue sinmablest Uaristed? : : Amwéblaaé} amwéblart eine oi) faa 8 B ‘er tunished. fb Sew Land the month alongs} es uN 7 por abore slo Aesocupado(lesccuper) desocupados. ledificio el campo Uso on ol conto, en o eificio "Dal Campa sl munble to mueblew Phive ‘Sin machen? simueblado (amusblar) Agente ‘No, amueblad. cles UNIT 7 pee moath Fhe unde so hundred te ince the light the gue Agent Two bended not inlading lectricty, mater, orga, Phite And where's the other? thet the outains big eat Agen That ones inthe teh and its bigger. cy al-ne'st kwantgalmést ayentot ddsG@yentdst Anklwied Larhigh nit “oat dds(@yentos |sininklwar|1ug| agwa |nagés+ Adondestag otrét esat Lasmatweras} grandat Ssesta lgnlasstworast yozmazgréndél SPOKEN SPANISH Phe ‘Cadato al nea? doscionton incluie aber li ur, age SPOKEN SPANISH UNIT 7 né-kénbyendt kémbénitrt ime conviene (convene) Fhe - 200 P White think the fet asta me beter, kréo [kémékémbyenenas [81primerét Gero que me convene mks ol primero. one 8? pédemozberlot Peden velo? the key Ladyanet la llave clea, of cone klard} cme Agent e are Agente ‘Yrs of coure, Here's the hey. silkiérot akityenelatyaet Si claret aa ioe le lave. TO Notes onthe baie aeatences (0) The /a/ which apears in /bémosqunam{go/ benas a an amigo isnot tobe traslted “to! cf the sever eter posible forthe trmaton of 37 «it ealy incon tnt the ditect object ofthe verb i personalize, tht iy either i prvon oe ‘Bough of ov person. It wil be taken opin detail in Unt 1 ©) The Sp sphich in caglated with an English word “ursitre’y [r8b107 can be translated only in a roundabout way by ‘a? directly preceding «nase pout, Father discussion and whe erco 1s UNIT 7 72 DRILLS AND GRAMMAR Ta Patten lle 721A Present tense form of regular /—6x/ verbs ILLUSTRATIONS 2 ‘Ace learning Spanish? 3 Aprendesespanyolt 4 kénes lanalzrestorent 5 Gsteakome maypoKbt Usted come muy pocor ow moch does he owe you? 6 kwantoleaébét {Cvhato le debe? Te are leasing ot. 7 Spréndemozméchot Aprendenos macho. 16 ses SPOKEN SPANISH How mack dew oe you? They ogeter. Do they believe that? UNE 7 8 kwantolegebémdst Cabs le debemos? 9 eMyoskomenhtntdst Ellen comen juntons 10 krégnetyosesot Green ellos exo? EXTRAPOLATION *- at 1 - ~énos 2 fen es 2.3 = en ores hee {St/ web endings av he thong /2/_ coming, [bx/ verb eninge tae the theme /e; 1b. The endings are otherwise identical a uN 7 ‘SPOKEN SPANISH 221A Sebati dla ember abatoion 1 Aprendoespagy61t Spréndemosespany614 2 komémospastélt komopastélt 3 dépbbeyntepéstst aépambeyntepésdst 4 Kéménmichop6strét K6mbmiichopéstrét 5 débamosiimp kot debgimpsxdt 6 Aprendeinglés! Aprendeninglésd 7 kxgokesit krgemoskesit 1 Arendomonexpatol 2 Como pastel. 3 Debeveiate pone. Deben vente pesos. 4 Comen mace pote, etre 5 Debemon wn poo 6 Aprende ng! Aprenden ings. 7 Giro que Crcemon qe ais 18 eco SPOKEN SPANISH 1 wskomeattyst aligya__+ Komgathy $4 eoyos__+ émenatly st Antonygiyo__+ komemosaty £4 asted, + komgay.£} 2 Spréndémbzmuchgatt v6, } Apréndbmachgatt 1 Yo come ali ici, Come alt Ell, Come Aussie y yo————- Conenee a ‘ated Come al 2 Aprendomon mucho aie te ‘Apeendo mucho ht NUEVE 19 Asteaes, 1 aligva 4 wan, + 3 antonyosebenalotént nésotroz 4 pablo. ‘ Aligygikarmen___+ yo SPOKEN SPANISH Apréndénmichgast Apréndémuchgatt apréndémuchgat+ debenosenelotélt debenelotélt débeneneiotélt débgenalotélt 18 Antone debe on el hotel Newstrse Peblo_. Alicia y Carmen Ye, m0 Dabo en el hetl. pez SPOKEN SPANISH TALI Response delle Conbagentrot] [éspSnyo1) 1 kongustéa |enalgentrot genélapartaméntdt 2. aprendeniisteaes lespanyoltginglést 3 debendtyozmichgt opskot 4 dondekémeniastéaesd 5 kegprendg ostéaakst [ayagiseyspéstst] 6 kwantoteréld kémgéndlgentrds Spréndéndstspinydlt débbapokst kémemosenelgéntrdt Aprendgespagy61+ debe layégiseyspésbst (en elcome) (copatod (06 peace) 4 :Diade comen 5 {Qot aprende uted 6 {Cuba debe &1? ma ur 7 [1Bgunbrést 7 komelya [hanont Céldpartamentd!] 8 kongusted lenelrrestorant Cmachot] 9 apréndendtyos Ipokgakit 10 komenjistedez [michgensalagat 11 Sprendelespagyolt SPOKEN SPANBH ngt kémélégumbrést not kéngéndlapartamentdt nét Spréndénmichd$ sit kémémbzmuchgensalsaat sit Spréndaspanyolt Aleguntes) 7 :Come ella jamb? (el eparamento) 8 {Come arted en el resorts? (Goucho) 9 :Apenden elon poco aqui? 10 {Cowen unteden mache eataladn? 11 Aprende 6 eapatol? m2 No, come legunbres, [Noy con ea el epatamente, Ne aprenden macho, Si, comeman machaentalads, Sh, apende eopatol. SPOKEN SPANISH TALI Teaslation dil 2 2 We Learn Lt here. He ont len of park chops. 4 They ome 21 ponon. 5 Lowe the whale (al the) 10 What do you believe? 11 Dawe be eat lotnce? ybsyempre [kéndp6stré+ Glk6mé Imichas |choletaztegéret apréndénormuchy lass &tyaz [46bim [bayntzumpésés ySa6bd [toaalakwéntat dondekoméyat Aprépositdt dondekomgustéad ety0s [spréndén |miybyént nodkrgembs [6584 kekreg lustéat komel [1échugat unr 7 ‘Yo slam com poste. El come muchas chulotes de tarde, Apresdamon mache age. Ellas deben 22 poe Yo debo toda la caoate. No reeme eno aot cree Ua? Come Bl lechoge? ua ur 7 SPOKEN SPANISH B, Discussion of patora As the exraplation above shons th pes fc /—x/_ theme cles regalar verb vs st /~8x/ vette. The ony trace ine sgnunce hoe /F" nme he mand cao npc los he same places tere the theme /=a~/ appears in Pdi ver Fr Sess pteras ae ential fr /—6x/ and /—62/ wth. Song avons occurs oe he sem alleen except py where the ‘en aylable of tin evn receives the aang ate. T2L2 The demoantatives /6ste, 650, ak6l/ AL Presentation of pattern ILLUSTRATIONS 1 gstechékebyahérdt ote cheque viajto, 2 gstasopg lds téowendt 3 astolsson |misdwtdst 4 mégustan lestaGsiMyast Me poten eras sil 5 aselestagnlasafwerdst Eve enh on las afveras ‘That lady ip American, 6 Ssasenyorg [ésamérikandt Baa sebora on americans, dat noe ieee) 7 ngkyérg lasczmmébLbsh No girs ese mab m4 cATORCE ‘SPOKEN SPANISH uN 7 ‘Thue lee we Anress, «$8509 soqyoras [séndadrikindst that ver there (mn) akent my car over theres 9 akelezmpswtdt Agaél on that over thee (fem) akenyat gee ‘That lady there 6 Americ to aketyasenyore [deimérikandt Aqualia setors os americans, ike the cam over here, 44, mB gustén [BkétySsswtdst Me gestan aquelloe auton. ‘Those tables ver there are A as lastandesokupaaast Aguelas menus ath doce ont. des, EXTRAPOLATION == mye near hin (away fom [os oe a * fl = éste éstos bse és08 akél ak@yos: 1 | ésta éstas | fsa ésas | akédya akédyas 1b. Spanish has one set of forme mhichcoresponds to English "hi", tmo that corespoed to ounce, UN 7 P.2L21 Subotieton lle 1 Laméog léstacesoxipsaat bot 4 658, + akéOys__ 2 tubwstgiabwindt ésté_ oS és Ferm anbetitetion ‘SPOKEN SPANISH Estimesg ldstatesokupSaat Gsimesg ldstatesokupéaat Akéyamesg [Sstagesckupsast Gstokwartg lezbwénd+ Gsdkwarty lezbwéndt 2 El cauto on beens. Ente . Bae. 16 Ente mons cath denocupad on mows cath dosocopada. Aqsa mena ent dosacopada, Ente cunt Ee coat ex boo DIECIsEIS SPOKEN SPANISH ak61, 2. Ldsépirtamentos sonbarstost éstés, 656s, kaQYSS, uN 7 Sk6lkwartg lezbwéndt éstdsdptrtanentos |sombarétost ésdsapartamentos [sonbardtost akétyésapartamentos lsombarstbst DIECISIETE, Aguel Lor apananenton Exton 7 Eso, : Aquellos____ ato aprtamenton son barton. oe apertamentor soe baraton. Agulloe apartaneatos aos bas uM 7 Nanbe 1 traygamese [genigér6} genigérést} 2 desegix lgesanéngyat ahéngyast 3 akeyés lddifigvos Isongréndést edifigyg sxbetition SPOKEN SPANISH traygamesos |gonigérést désogir Igesasahéngyast akcleaifigyg lezaréndat 1 Tekigane ene cenicer. 2 Deseo ie « eon ageneian 3 Aguel cificoe non gunies. edict, . 78 Deaeo it «come agencian, DrECIOCHO SPOKEN SPANISH éstosbskritonvos |sombarétést ___fskritorys, 4 bamosaber |esospervédikést ryt éstamesa Ingezgrandét —_résaz, + AkeOlyasenyora lesespanyélat senyoras, 4 Ssteskritoryg lezbarsted bamosaber leseperyéaikst éstazmesaz Inosongréndést akedya(9 senyoras [scnespapy6las} DIECINUEVE, 4 Baton escritrig nom barat. 5 Vamon s ver soe persdics. pontdice 6 Fata mesa no os grande. 1 Aquellasetora om expat ow 7 1 kyérépréséntarlg lacsaseqvérst senyért 2 ésdsépartémentos |sombwéndst bskwelas, ‘ 3 demgakeyorLibrost plénast ‘SPOKEN SPANISH Them oxbatt kyérépréséntarlg lacseseqyért ésAséskwelas [sonbwéndst démgakedyaspiénést 1 Quero prenentarle a os setora 2 Boos gpetanewos aoe bueno ecu 3 Dime aquellos bios lamas 10 Quiero presentrle a exe ser. san eaceela son buen. Deine aguelia plana YEINTE SPOKEN SPANISH 4 pasomeselépist plémad 5 akelawtg léstagesokupsadt nese. 4 6 éstasdkgyon lezoréndet __batfieve 4 7 Skedyanes léstacesokupsaat askritéryg 4 unt 7 pasenesaplénst aketyands, [ésteaesokupsaat bsteaifigyg lezaréndét Ake Loskri t6ryg lestaaesokupsadt 4 Pheeme coe lipis, lama, 5 Aquslanto oath desocupado, mesq____ 6 Eat seccidn ce grande. ti 7 Aquolla mesa ent desocepade VEINTIUNO Plaeme ess plana, Aqua meen eat desocupade, Ente edifcio es rande, Aquel excrterio ent denocepado, UNIT 7 SPOKEN SPANISH 121.22 Reapoase ill”? 1 kyerestelapigtgestaplimat Ssblapigt 2 kyerestozlapigestgestasplémast 6s8splumast 1 cOsiere eat pix o cata plana? Ee lie 2 {Quier eter lipicen 6 eaten plana? eae planes, (1) The implicit npaial reference ofthe demonstra Both ate and the atdent should indepeadeatly wee 75 € ftom both can be moot ffecticely resented by the use of gestures o indicate positon ms ovar themselves aed /&5e/ Tor items neur euch other w away 128 vEINTIDOS SPOKEN SPANISH unt 7 Céstdzliprost] 3 kekyerg lastéat ésb21ibrost [éstasplumist] 4 kekyeré1t ésasplumast Césety 5 Légustg lestelibrot Ssen6s estat Césdst 6 kyerg lester Libros asoznét estost Cesist] 1 kyerg lestasplinast esaznbt estast Cesat] 8 Légustalestaplumat esandt estat (estos tibos) 8 {O08 quiere U4? aoe leon (estes plumes) 4 {Qué quiere 61? eas ples. Gan) 5 Ae gute ost ea? eno, date (Goon) 6 {Qsiere enn litron? Enon no, don Céams) 7 {Qulere extas panna? ans 0, dae 8 Le gana esta plana? B ‘VEINTITRES, 728 unt 7 9 bxbweng|eselibrot 10 bzbwengléstelibrot a1 dzbweng lestaplumat 12 Bzbweng |esaplimat 13. s6mbwends lesozlibrost ‘SPOKEN SPANISH Estat sft damiybuéndt eset sit dzmiybwéndt Gsat sit ezmaybwénat éstat sil ézmuybaénat Gstost sit sénmiybuéndst 9 {Ex bueno exe leo? 10 {Ba buene est libro? 11 (Es buen eats plone? 12 ZB buena ena plama? 1 800 beenor exon iron? 7 Bate? Si, on may buen Esa? Sion muy buena, Enea? Si, 08 uy buen. Ene? 5 may buen VewricuaTRO SPOKEN SPANISH 72128 Translation dill ‘Thin anlad i very god. 2 The (over ther) gentlemen speak English 13 That ror tothe let. 4 That's my room over there. 5 Can we ace thote pisces of thentwe? 6 Had me thove keys. 1 That (over thre) young lady is Ame £8 This building in lrg. 9 In this section we are very beey 10 Do you need there books? 11 That’ Mes, Molina VEINTICINCO Gstgénsdladg |éstémaybwénat SkedyO(9 senyores [ablaninglést ésdkwartgalaagkyéraat akelezmakwartot potenozber lesozmecblest pasemesaztly4bést Akedyasenyors ta lesamerakénat ésteaifigyg lezoréndat anfistasdkgyén [éstémbzmuyokupsadst nbgtsitgpstoanibrost sq lbzLaséqyoramolinat uN 7 ata enealada oath muy bueas. /Aqullon seteres bablan inglés. Aqui ex mi cant. ePedamon ver oe mucbles? Plaene onas laves. a Ente efifcio on grande, Ea eta seccib eatamoe muy ccupedon. eNeconit enn bron? Ean oa ln seGora Molina. 135 ont 7 ‘SPOKEN SPANISH BL Disconsion of pattern Derensteatives are wards which designate or point out. usually intern of spatial areagemest, but sometimes interme of tine relation, ‘They ae especial Kind f “Tinitiny” adjectiver which alnays precede the noune they modify. Besides the ferns listed inthe presentation ebow Aemonstativesieriule definite articles, which bave been aepartely prevented became of special fanetios that they hve. ‘The English demonstrative provide relatively rare exam English a well ax Spanish bas words tht ca be classed as demonatratves ple of molifier furrn which change in English for number eelerence, asthe fllowing chart shows: eae fa as | ts thet | hee those ven, however, have a atin apace o mare The spatial comcast in English demensratives is a teoacay pattern: svar and aot near, The Spanigh desonste attern sear ne, near you (a shot may olf and near hum ora long way off) Thus /ak61/ implies mere three way emote intime, ‘Thi even distinction, coupled with three dstnet gender for, ives Spanish an iaventry of 13 fares, compared to tn English, ts fellows 5 a ni a hie thee that those ” bste éstos 6se, akél 808, akéllyos ‘ ésta éstas 653, akélya ésas, akélyas a ésto 6504( akétyo) 1% VEINTISEIS ‘SPOKEN SPANISH UNIT 7 Noe thatthe pattern of the Spanish ferme devintes frm the armal patters of Spanish modifiers in oe important respect. The regu pera ' -a ~es semen ag nthe og fae wt ebings we /=e/ (/éste, 656/) ree (/aK6)/). Aan shich ne 8 Neer nn ee et ede Thane Peto) “es 606) ve pene leap titans Za lliye/s teh cvcciag se beqrae tee eon Fae " ‘The demonstrates cam occur at modifiers (adjectives modifying nossa) a sues ae illustrated a the following sentence: inalized forms (Lehing tbe place of nouns). Bath /Sstalivro|esmisbaréto lkeéset/ Tis bok in cheaper thn hat one” Note that in Bali the singular forms are not readily nominalis 20 that “one” ceplaces the noun. edi. conventions have established the yacice of marking ¢ written accent onthe stessed vowel in masca ‘xcept when the Inter i printed mith upper eae type- ‘The nese form almost always occ nominlize, since there are no nesternouas they Spel omiatioed VEINTISIETE a1 uN 7 1.22 Replacement drille A Sstoampéntat 1 akel, 4 2 gerbégat 3 ésa. 4 ‘ Lapigt 5 mésat 6 la 4 7 ésas, 4 SPOKEN SPANISH Beatgempwest skioy goenigard6ast Sogozaigarn6it sceniiéeta! Ssgezminésat Sogértanésat ésa(9 sonlazmésist AD Ene 1.8 Aguél es mi aus. Ag ea os mi corvena. se 08 mi pie. venrtocHo SPOKEN SPANISH B élsényérhwayt [déséalkilar |unapartaméntot 1 boskar, 4 2 __ségy6ra, —__! 3 mwbiést 4 per. 5 az, 6 kyéré 7 10s, 4 UNIT 7 a Leegyérhwayt [ddséabackar lUnapartaméntét Laséqyérahwayt [déséabiskar lunapartanéntol Lasényérahwayt [déséaboskar |unozmuéblést Laséqyérahwayt [déséaber lunoznwéblast Lasényérahwayt |dés6aber |mazmwéblést Lasényérahwayt Ikyéréber Imazmuéblést 10(9) sty 6réshnayt |kyérémbér Imazmuéblést B Elseter Mite desea alqu buscar \VEINTINUEVE. te, El setoe hie ds Le setora Mhite des La wedora ite den buscar apartanente Ducar un apartamesto 08 musble. La setora Mite La etre White ver anon mocbles ove ver és maces. La setora White quiere ver més machen. Loe wederes White quieren ver més muchles 129 © idondestagiétrot 1 mésat 2 gsa_t 3 sityal 4 wt 5 senyérast © kong, 4 4 el__ SPOKEN SPANISH Adéndestalanésat Agondes tagsamésat Adondestagsass(yat Adondestalasi@yat Adondestanlat@ segyérést Akomges tanlate) seny6rast ikonges taglsenyért 130 CGY dlnde eth el aro? iv 2a Oe Te aes AY Sade ent a aa? AY dle ooth ene meee? AY Ande oat 6 ena sll? 2Y Aide est lai 2Y donde estén lar senorae? 2Y chime enti ln neoran? AY como sth el sence? TREITA SPOKEN SPANISH unt 7 D_— kred [kémékémbyénémas |elprimérdt 1 6trot kreo [kénékonbyénémas |e16tr+ 2 mucho + kreo [kémékdnbyénémicho e16tré+ 3 oGsta 4 kre lkémégdstimichg elétrot oe kres [kélegtistamichg le16trot 5 poke, 4 eres [kéLégGstapokg|elétrot 6 kres, 4 krég Ikélégtistapokg lel 6trot 1 trad kreg [kelégdstapoko |1a6trat 1D Creo que ne convene mis el primero 1 iro Ceo que me convene ms el to 2 mech Creo gus me conviene macho el to, a asia Ceo que me gusta mucho el ato +. Creo que le ante macho ol tr. 5 poco Creo que le gusta poco el ato 6 Cree Cree que le gute poco el tro 7 sare ee gut le gusta poco lao. ‘TREINTA Y UNO ra uN 7 132 £ peaénozberlot 1 ___biskartot 2 kyere, t 3 Strabegt oie tl 5 fespmest 6 penar ePodemon verlo? 1 buscar? 2 (Quiere — 8 ¢ en er? +o eo despots? 7 Osieree, SPOKEN SPANISH pbeomozbuskarlot ebuskarlot kyo: kyere [buskarlg|otrabegt kyergir|otrabegt kyereir despwest kyarebenir |¢espwest kyerembenir |aespwest (Podoman burctla? eQviee buscarle? 20 200i 2Qvine ir denpute? 1 bascarle ota vex? Quine venir deapuée? Quiten venir despots? ‘TREINTA Y DOS SPOKEN SPANSH F sit akityene [1atyaned 1 Laz, 4 sit 2 pimyétest sit 3 al si ‘ sm + sit 5 monéaat sit unr 7 akityene [LaztySbest Akityené [Lorbidystast Altyéne |Lozbinyétasd Altyeng lumbity état Bityéng lunamonéaay altyéng lesazmonéaast Bityéng [esechékat F ‘TREINTA Y TRES Si, Si, ag tiene low bile gu tiene la lave. Si, abt tege Lae billeten Shy ab ioe obi Sty ab iene wna monede 133 unt 7 12 138 A Variation dite ézbyeho [pérobwendt 1's old but inexpensive 1's old but excellent 1's big but inexpeanve ‘Theyte old lt inexpensive, 5 They ood and inexpensive 6 They're big aod good 1 They're inexpensive and god bamosaber|alperyéaikot 1 Let's goace th apart 2 Le so. th building, eabysho logrdvarstot axbycho pérgdks(gblentss azgrande ipbroparatot atest sémbyenos jogrdb sbmbuenosaderstos! séngrandesabyénést sbmbaratosibwénds} bamosaber!elapartaméntét bamosaber |eLeaifigySt SPOKEN SPANISH Ea vinjes pr iejo, per barato. Es viejo, peo exceleate. Bs grande, pevobarato. Son visjoe, pero baraton. Son boencey barton om andes y buenos Son baraton y breton. ver el peridice. Venoe aver el apartamesto Vanes a ver l edifici ‘TREINTA Y CUATRO SPOKEN SPANISH 4 Let's go gt aequniated withthe ‘owatown section. bamosaber |Loskwértbst bamosakonoger lelgéntrat bamosakomer |enelrrestornt banosatrabahar |aérat bamosabuskar [unapartanéntet © porkencbenos |pinamigonss+ 1 Why don't we woe Joveph? 2 Why don't we eat in the cestaurast? 3 Why don't we eat later? 4. Mhy doo we go dowe ia the slevatee? '5 My don't we apesk Spaniak? 'TREINTA Y CINCO pérkenabemos |ahosé+ pbrkenckomends [enelrrestorént pbrkenokomemoz |aespwést pérkencbahamos [enelas(@ens6rt pérkengablams lespany6lt ont 7 ‘Vom a tabajer ahora. Vamos « buscar un apartament, {Per qué no vemon a amigo aie? Por qué no vemon a Jd? Pe gon common ene ePee qué no comemos dezputs? {Pee qut to bajamon on Ger qué no hablano capa? 135 UN 7 SPOKEN SPANISH 6 My dat wk fer ane porkéndbiskénds [Strpapartanéntb) —jPacqs w became eee eoeer 7 Why don't we reat another pérkengalkilanos lotrgeif

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