Designation: G 151-09 Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources" ‘hs se ed dere Sd Sot IS: emer netfee in Seo ‘inlay ecu fo ur ofa on ame por er oo GO A Spoink anne og ae ei ee = mage 1. scope 1L1 This practice provides general procedures tobe used ‘when exposing nonmetallic materials in accelerated test de> vices that use laboratory light sources. Detailed information regarding procedures to be used fr specie devices ae found Jn standards desesbing the particular device being used. For cxample, detailed information covering exposures in devices that use open fame carbon ae, enclosed carbon ac, xenon ae and fluorescent UY light source ae found in Practices G 152, 153, and G 154, and G 155 respectively. ome 1 Caen. soos ac al Breet UV expats ere shoo demited m Pacices 2 O76 aad G5 which refed Yee ‘pes upon igus: rts G 82,6 152, and 15 and 133 Be pete bred suas tat epee Patoes G22, 028 snd 1.2 This practice also describes general performance re quirements fr devies used for exposing nonmetallic materials to laboratory light sources. This information is intended Primarily for producers of laborsory accelerated exposure devices 1.3 This pracice provides infonnation on the use and ‘terpctaton of data from accelerated exposure tests. Specie information about methods fr determining the property of 2 nonmetallic material before and after exposure are fos’ in ‘Mandande devrbing the method weed fe messy each prope fey. Information tegarding the reporing of results fom exposure testing of plastic materials is described in Practice bse. ‘Nope Glia G i prove tomate fr asin acy 4a eqn tring of mmetic miss ide G1) provides ‘Bkomaine fr sication of nic fo expr tr ‘Nore 3h amd telly gale 050 092, Pat 1A This standard does not purport to address al ofthe jets concerns, f ony, asocited with is wre. It 18 the responsiblity ofthe user ofthis standard to exablish appro= rite safety and health practices and determine the applicas Dili of regulatory lnlaions prior 10 se. ap ene of AST Coir Ow Wen sere in 97 Lat penn paved 21660 181 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards DIB Practice for Conditoning Pastis for Testing D928 Specification for Environment for Conditioning anc ‘Tesng Paint, Varah, Lacquer, and Related Materials 1D 3570 Practice for Calculating Propesty Retatioa Tade> of Plastics E41 Terminology Relating To Conditioning EXTI Speciication for Atmospheres for Conditioning anc ‘Testing Flexible Barrer Materials E 6H Test Methods for Tesing Inusrial Resistance Ther B91 Practice for Condasting an Intesaboratry Study t ‘terns the Precision of a Test Method E772 Teminology Relating to Solar Energy Conversion E839 Test Methods for Sheathed Thermocouples an Sheathed Thermocouple Mater 623 Practice for Operating, Light-Exposure Apparat (Carbon-Are Type) With and Without Water for Expos ff Nowmstalic Matsa? G26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposute Apparanis (Xenon. Are Type) With and Without Water for Expose of Nonmctalic Material" G'S3 Practice for Operating Light- and Water Expose "Apparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condesation Type) fr Expo sure of Nonmetallic Matai? G113 Teminology Relating to Natura and Artificial ‘Weathering Tess of Nonmetallic Matcials 110 ‘Test Method for Calloration of Nasrow and Brosd- ‘Band Ulravolet Radometere Using a Specuoradiomeser GI Guide for Addressing Vaiabity ia Exposure Testing ‘of Nonmetallic Materials G.147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonme- talc Materials for Natural and Arifical Weathering Tests (G 152 Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Are Light ‘Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials coat ST Eaten Sever ace ery Foren afGly c 151-09 6183 Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Ate Light ‘Apparatus for Exposte of Nonmetallic Mateils 6.158 Practice for Operting Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of Nenmcalic Materials G55 Practice for Operaing Xenon Ac Light Apparatus {for Exposute of Now-Mealie Matsals (6.186 Practice for Selecting snd Characteiing Weathering Reference Materials 6.169 Gide for Application of Base Suatstcal Methods ‘Weathering Tess (G77 Tables for Reference Solar Uhraviolet Spectral Dis: ‘whutous: Hemspherical on 37° Tied Surace 22180 Standard 180 4992, Par T Plastics: Exposure to laboratory Sources General Giance" 1809270 Plates: Isirumenial Determination of Radiant Exposure in Weateing Tests—General Gaidance and Basie Test Method" 23° CIE Document (CHE Publication Number 85: 1989, Techical Report— Solar Spectal Inadiance® 3. Terminology 3.1 Definions—The definitions given in Teinelogies E41, E772, and G 113 are applicable this peacce 4. Signitcance and Use 4.1 Significance: 4.1.1 When conducting exposures in devices tht use labo- rarery light sources, sis umportant to consider how well the acceleiated est conditions will epreduce property changes and faulre modes serie with end-uce envionments for the materials being tested. In aditon, tis essential to consider the effets of vanablity in bo the accelerated test ae eutdoor Exposes won seting up sxpomire experiments and when interpreting the rule fom accelerated exposure tet “4.12 No Ibaratry exposuse test canbe specified a atl simulation of ecial tee conditons in outdoor exvaonmest Resulls obained from these laborstery accelerated exposes can be considered as represemative of acral use exposues tonly when the degree of rank corelation has been established for the specie materials being tested and when the ‘ype of degradation i the same. The relative dara of materi actual use conditions canbe very efferent in eierea locations because of difrences in UV radauoa, time af wemess, relative hunidiy, tempera, pollutants, and other factor: Therefore, even if resis From specific exposuse test cone ducted according to this practice are found tbe useful for comparing the relative durability of materials exposed in 2 parucular exterior environment, it cannot be assumed tat they el be useful for determining relative durability ofthe same materials fora citerent environment. sapien uc Keg i) Vr i US el Coe (on Mon actos ony eben 3 {ia oe ph ey wing en LLEES Ran ye homes ge Serres ag cee Sse Fans er eee ofr pers ht meme See ne ccs oe ahha ye a ge nae er ee ole mY as Sot oe tata gSatanes ae Ce ns iesloes ree ean toe nee ad ie slams ovata dunn, tae, Soe gta nis peg a eee Soda cata A SUI Sean mhesteree eb RS SaaS AS To cess oe Rage soe S2SSe vob ier sie of sen tty dae be oi PLES tory light sources and exteior exposures. More specific infor mation on how each factor may aller tbiity ranking of materia is given im Appendix XI “U1AL1 Difetences inthe spect disuibution beween he Jnboratry light soutce and solar radiation 4.14.2 Light intensities higher than those experienced im sctal use conditions. {U1A.3 Test coadiions where specimens ave exposed coe ‘imaoay to light when aca use conditions provide alternate ese of ight and ask “14.4 Specimen temperatures higher than thors in actual conditions. 43145 Exposure conditions that produce unrealistic tem- petit differences between light and dark colored specimens, ‘S146 Exposure conditions that do aot have any tempers ture cycling or that produce temperature cycling, or themal shock, or both that not representative of wee condoms ‘147 Uneaisically high or low levels of moisture {C148 Absence of biological agents or polls. 42 Use of Accelerated Test with Laboratory Light Sources: 421 Resuls fom acceletated exposuc tess condacied according this standard ae best ved o compare the relative ‘performance of materials. common application s conducting 23 test to establish thatthe level of quality of different batches docs not vary fon sontol material with now perfomance, (Comparisons beteen mateils are best made when they are tested atthe sme time in the same exposure device, Rests “eee outa pine el fae etGh oss can te expesed by comparing the exposure tine ot ratast cxposire necessary to change a characte prope ome ‘posed ve “42.11 Reproducibility of et results Between lbortaris tas ben shown f be good when the aby of ati evaluated in eas of perfomance ranking compared ohet rinensls of ts ont therfore, expoare of sar tantra of known perermance (x conto the same tne 33 the tt merase sengly recommen “122 in sone apptcaion, searing cefeence matrals ace ued to cnablh consistency of the opeaing condone i 1.25 Reference matrins, for example, bike wool tet fai, abo maybe tse forthe purpose Of ming exposes Income cates a efeence materi exposed a the sare dine 2 ent mal and he exporue ie contd unl here ea defined change in prety of te tfeeace mati The test tater hen is crlutedTn some cases, direst fre test tanteral are-compared to those forthe reference at. These re nape tes of efeeace otras wen they arco sesive expose esse a rode fae i the {estmaterl or when the reference materi sey sent amexposie sss that has rer ite effecton he estat ‘New. $ Definition for conto an efeence mai a ae prise to weathering ep we er is Temiogy O11 ‘Now Ocfnaice (Se dense poets Ser slang aol char scrsngwouering ence mates wad each cematency of ‘peting soe in Ibatry tele et. ‘Nor? Rane om selasod espe nts sould cl be wed vo eal a pusll approval of ais afer a stele tine of ‘roosters! set af candns wen te vale ‘Spon nd epry meneent roca babe ease et ‘Sisal pus past one on Bee 5, Requirements for Laboratory Exposure Devices 5.1 Ligh Source: SLL The exposure device shall provide fr placement of specimens and any designated sensing devcee in postions ‘hich provide uniform inadiance by the light sauce Nove Stn ome eves, ver indviolitsurces ae ed simultcenaly, tec otic the tr ligt sewer ee to mbit fn! bp ace: Peg 5.1.2 Manufacturers of exposure devices shall assure that the itodance at any location in the area used for specimen exposures is at last 70 % of the maximum inradiance mea> sured inthis aca. Procedures for measuring irradiance wnfer- rity are found in Annex Al ‘Nore Dang thd n expe devices an be ated serra ans sucha epost which can eel 0 tb ‘pdt system sod ctanber wale Inwdlane elon scan be toed by the Ope ahd nanber of specimens beg expe, The Snadinoewnfraty os ated bythe mauler Yad fo new Troan tof na te Sin of igh a Wate Ep ‘sunt at” Sprint oe ete Buy Ta (rnc stra, ASTI SF Te AST "ls Wane, "Chin Ral Ms NST, cotee MD “et me 5.1.3 Parodie repositioning ofthe specimens during expo- se is not necessary ifthe ieadiance at postions fates rm the point of maximo imadiance is at least 90% of the ‘maximum measured inadianee. S114 Hf radiance at any poston in the aree used for specimen exposure is between 70 and 90% ofthe maximum ‘diance, specimens shall be periodically zepestoned 10 ede vaialiy in radiant expose. The repositioning shed Ue shal be agseed upon by all interested partes. Appendix 32 ‘lescribes some possible specimen placement sd repositioning plans and frequencies, S.L5 Replace lamps and filters according to the schedule recommended by the device manufacturer, Follow the appara ts manafacaers instuctions for lamp and Hier placement and for pr-aging of lamps oilers, or bot ‘$1.6 ASTM G77 describes 4 sandard solar ultaviolt spectrum that canbe used as «base for comparing Iboratory ‘sccelerated light sources with sunlight The smespheic con figons used is this standard solar specu were selected to tmanimize the faction of short wavelength solar utavile ‘adiation, ore 11_Prevous vesons of his smd wed slr secu fond in CTE Pacaioa 81988, Tales s de beach foe enparig Ht cues uso in bey wed exosue ‘slr tson Appnse 30 prove spanner ‘ene sd sar specs of ASTM G77 an Tae of CE 88, 5.1641 Direct radiation fiom xenon bumers, open fame catbon sc, nd Some oesent lamps contin esrb Sous of or wavengh zal on a rec ‘Shr ralaon, Wi proper een ef ters forse ght ‘Sure mth o he Sor watlnph ight can elimina Tweve th any Ses sal bt Sac, ant {hss wavelength Oss thn 00am) san pean Shespecalduetanon of heed igi soue-Plesent [UV kane can ested to have spect eupenespont Ing tos poral staant vege of ar ian Te hon are when spre Hite, oars toe pees! power lsuieuon ot isa good smanon of {heace aeadaton toghot he UVa ie ei S15 nmin whch copies ihe epee cotin in 190 970 nye edo nse aco {he scat matin Ey and Oe aan expose or ‘Sect expovare: Hone specimen sce S17 It wel te racer sal te mod 9 att smcles th sam inatnee she specinen ace leant stun win he pesnen plats shal be carted for ‘Madina specimen dtnce S72 The acne Sal be alate in he enision scan of he gh sue wean shal be tava to ‘Slogaed nasal Sundar body. Cabra ef mato ot TMondband ubavoLtrailonetet wsng # specrrdomcer Sullbe confused acuing w Medd 6 130 The alien ‘Sal ecard ng souce wi he sae secaQh 151-09 power diseibuion asthe one thatthe radiometer will be used {O meseue, In addon, he radiometer stall lao be alfred sing the same test chamber geomeary chat i lamp > specimen plane distance and enienttion) for which it wll be ‘ted. Calibration shal be checked according to the radiation ‘messurng instrument manufacturer's instructions. fall cali- bration of he radiometer shall be sondacted at least encores ‘More frequeat calibrations are recommended, [Link] When measured, the iadiance in the wavelength ange egroed upon by all interested parace shall be reported, Some appara provide for measuring radiance in speciic ‘wavelength range for example, 30000 or 300-800 nm o in 2 nurow bandpass centered atund a single Wavelength for example, 340 nn 52 Tenperane 521 Thesusface temperature of exposed materia depends on te ambient temperature, the amount of radiation sbserbed, the emissivity of the specimen, the thermal conduction witha ‘he specinen, and the eat wansmision betwen specizn and ‘ir or specimen holder, Since ite not prartica to anita te surface temperate of sdivial tet specimens,» specified Dlackspancl sensor is wed to meat and sono temperate ‘within the test charter ei swongly recommended tha te black pare! temperature sensor be mounted on a suppert within ‘he specimen exposure area so that it receives the same radiation and cooling conditions as a flat test panel surface Shing the same suport. The Slack panel leo say be located at {fixed distance posion different fom te tet specimens and ‘alibrated for temperatre inthe specimen expose ates. This 12 nt commended, however, because black panels mounted ata txed poston away trom the specimens may not indicate temperatuce representative ofthe text specimens, even if they sre calibrated to record temperature at positions within the specimen expose we, doe wo iflences i ight ist 52.2 Exposure devices shall use ether an uninsulted blak panel (commonly refered o a5 lack panel thermomete) ot Eh insulted black panel (commonly tefered to a black ‘Mandard thermore) as black pane! sensor, Requietnents for ach type are found in Annex AZ. 523 The temperate indicated by the uninsulted Mack- panel or insulated thermometer depends on the irradiance of {he Iabortory ight source and he temperstre and speed of ir moving in the test chamber. Uninslated black-panel temper {tres generally comespond to those fr dark coatings on metal ‘Danel. Insulated black panel themometer temperatses gen- rally correspond to thoes forthe exposed sirfce of dare ‘samples with poor thermal const. At conditions sed in typical exposure tests, the temperature indicated by an inso- Iated bisck patel thermometer wll be 312°C higher than an ‘insulated black pane thermometer. The response time for ferperatre changes i slighly slower for insulted back panel ‘hermometes compated 1 uninsulated black pane! termor 523.1 At low imadinnce, the diffrence between the tem= petaure indicated by an uninsulated Bac panel or insulated Diack panel and the teal specimen may be Small. When Hit onree that emit vey lite infared radiation ate ed, there gncrally will be very small difference in temperatures ind- ‘ited by the two pes of black panels or Between ight and dark colored specimens. [Norg12—There cane rns in caper ya ‘yp fbn pe haar, depend on te sei gn of be ‘Srrce gtd by lent mamactres, Wak bog cmd (wis Stout 6190 10st wo cheese ilar ores ‘be teat pes of epee sesing devices nd betwee eng ‘ae sensing devs of he sane pe 5.24 Tamer wm evaluate the range of surface trmperattes of the exposed specimens, the use of an uniasulsted or Insulated white panel thermometer is recommended, in 2a tion tothe uninstlated back panel or insulated black pane ‘Memmometer. In some cases, emperase of ether the unis- lated or insulated white panel thermometer may be used © specif exposuie conditions. The unimsulated or insulted ‘shite panel shall be constructed in the same way as the conesponding uninslaed or insulted Back pane thermom- ‘ter, except forse of a Whit coating with a good resistance © ‘zing. The refectance ofthe white combing between 450 and {500 am shall be atleast 60% and atleast 30% between 800 and 1500 a, 5.25 When requested, supplies of insulted or uninsuated ‘black or wite panels shall provide certification that the Back ‘or white costing meets the reflactancerequtements given in this racice 5.26 Exposure devices that consol temperate of a blak. or white temperature sensor sall be able to maintain facts tions atthe contol pont as specified in Annex 3. 5.27 Mauufacauess of exposure devices shall assure tht the temperature of a black or white panel temperature sensor placed anywhere within the specimen expose sea shall be ‘eithin = 3°C ofthe st point temperate for set pits up © 70°C an within = 4°C for setpoint teraeratres above 70°C. 5.28 The test sept shall indicate whether an insulated of ‘insulated black or white panel was used. If either type of black o¢ white panel thermometer is not poskioed in the specimen expesuie aca, the exact position used shall be Sescibed inthe test reper. ‘529 If chamber ar temperate is measud, the temperse ‘te seasng element shall be shielded from the Light sousce and ‘water spay, Exposure devies, which consol temperature of ‘chamber air shall be able to mainuin temperature of chatber ‘ar ritin = °C of the setpoint temperate ‘$2.10 Caliate thermocouples according to instructions provided by the device mannfacuser IF no instctions axe [provided by the device manufac, sheathed thermocouples Shall be calibrated according to Method E 839, and resistance ‘Memoneters used es the sensing element for back of white ‘piel thermometers shall be ealbrated according to Method EO, Unless eerwise specified, devices used to measure temperature sball be calibrated af lent anmully” Wherever possible, calrasons shoald be waceable to 2 nationally ‘recognized stndacds agency. ‘33 Humidity and Wer! 553.1 The presence of moisure may have a significa effect fon exposure tests. Any apparatus operated according to this Stender, which arempts to simolate the effects of meistare,Grow shall have means for providing moisture to specimens using fone or more of the following methods: humifestion of chamber sir, formation of condensstion, water spas, oF im rmetsion. The type and rate of mateial degradation can be Met signiicanly bythe method used wo proride mostue ‘$3.2 The putty ofthe water used for specimen weting i very imporant. Without proper treatment to remove cations, nis, organics, and parculaly siica, exposed specimens Will develop spots or stains tht do. not occur in extenor rpowies Ue otherwie specified, water sed for specimen ‘nenng shall have a mucin of 1 ppm solids anda masionu 18 02 ppm silica. If the water sed for specimen wetting Shove 1 ppm solide, the solide and sen levels must be Tepored, Recirculation of water used fr specimen weting i not recommended and f done the eirlned water ehll meet the specified purity requirements Nox 13Disiton, oF + combion of dla ad ere mon can cnet rice mater hh zed py 45.33 If specimens ae found to have deposits or stuns after exposus, the Wer panty mast be checked to detemnine sft meets the pony fequremenss descrited in 53.2. On some occasions, exposed specimens can be contaminated by deposi fiom bacteria than can grow in the pued water used for specimen weting. I bacterial comtamuation is detected, he fuze system used for specimen weting shall be fusbed with {'chlornaing soluon, such as sodium hypochlorite and ‘boroushlysiased ei io resuming exposure. 53.4 although it does not always conelate with slice content, i recommended that the cont of the water used for specimen weting be monitored continuously and that, exposures be stopped whenever the conductiviy is above $ Sem. ‘635 All components ofthe specimen wetting unit shall be fabvicated from stainless steel, plastic, oc otbet material that oes not contaminate the water If plastic mterals are wed, ‘hey shall not Jock low molecular weight UV absorbing ‘component ita the wate. 5346 In devices where humidity within the test chamber is conuclle, sensors used 1 determine hunsty shal be placed ‘within the test chamber air ow and shielded fom dest ‘adition and water spray. When humidity is convolled, the ‘measured relative humidity shall be within © 54 of the set point hum '53.61 Calibrate the sensors used to determine amity accent © the device manufacturer's instuctons 3.7 Any device intended to intodace meting of speci- mons, for example, by spay or umersion, shall have means to ‘rogram intervals wih and without weting [Nox 14 The scent no ancy cepted etd er are since de clon comsntany of specimen 4 Other Apparare Requiremenss—Alkhough verous ap- params designs are used in practice, each apparams shall Inclade the following 4.1 Any device intended to rove Hight and dark ecles shall have means to program intervals with oF without light ‘The sme of each light an dark eye stall be conlled to within = 10% ofthe shortest cycle ie used, Is preferable to use cycle timere thar are accurate and reproducible as possible. Optionally, means te provide arecord ofthe length af Tig ae dark eyeles may be provides, 542 To full the requements of particular test proce- hse, the apparatus leo may nes opeovde mens tose ‘oc record dhe following opefational parame‘ers. 54.21 Line voltage; 54.22 Lamp voltage and where appropiate, lamp water $4 Lamp cunt, 5424 Temperate of uninslated cr insulated black or hte panel eonomete; S428 Test chamber ai temperate: 54.26 Test chamber relative humid, S427 Water spay cyles; 5428 Iaadiance or radiant exposure, or both, over a specified spectral region; and, 5429 Duration of expesie (adiaton time and tol, if atten. 5.4.3 Follow the recommendations ofthe device manifac- twrer regarding calibration of devices used t record cach operational parameter. 6, Test Specimens 651. Form and Preparation 6.11 The dimensions of he test spesimeas aonmally ae those specified inthe appropriate test method fer the property ‘oe prperis to be measured afer exposure. When the Bevo of speciic typeof utile isto be detennined, the article sell Should be exposed whenever possibe 16:12 For some tess, specimens to be exposed may be cut ‘roma ager shet or prt thats tome by extrusion injection rolding, or other provers, The exact sae and dimensions of the specimens 10 be exposed will be determined by the specific test rocedate ase fr measirement ofthe property of interest. "The procedures wed to machine of cit iva test speck zens from lager sheet or par may affect the results ofthe property measurement and the apparent durability. Therefore the method used fr specimen peparson sal be agreed upon by the interested pares and should he telated closely tothe method normally used to process the material in typical aplication 6.13 Unless otherwise speciied or required, 60 not cat individual est specimens for property measurement from larger specimens thar have been exposed. The effects a0 ‘uting ce machining operation may have oa the propeties of Individual test specimens usually are much lugee when the est specimens are cut from a large pice after exposure. This is Specially tue for matevals thar entitle on exposure 6413.1 When test specimens are cut from an exposed shect cor larger par, they shouldbe taken fom an afea thai at east 20 mm fiom the Gstwe holding the muted or fom the exposed specimen edges. n po cscurastances shall any mate {ial fom the exposed face be removed during the test peciznen reparation, 6:14 When comparing mates in an exposure test, use test specimens that are similar mensions an exposed sre. 62 Number of Test Specimens:Qh csi {621 The mmr of test specimens for cach tet condition cx exposie period shal be that specified inthe spyropeate et rehod for the propery or properties to be messed after "E22 Unless oterwise specified or requiced, use at last shee replicate specimens where proper are mead wing rondesrctive tests and sx repicae specimens where pope ies are measured Wing dese tests ‘62.3 When material properties ae measued using dst: five ts, 2 sepa set oF specimens Is ened for eh Sryonte period. When desinctve fae ee wd, the al Auber of test specimens sequred wil be deveined by he "omer of expe pesads tae and whether expose le ‘ecimens ar ested atthe sae one ar exposed specimen. “62.4 Con sterile wih known daily should be included with each expose test I i recommended that nto] mates known to hve eltively poor and soe Ghurtybe ued. Control materials ae aed forthe papone Of companing te performance of the tex malt tthe otros Before nboatry to laboratory compersons remade Seis necessary to establish spread upon contol materials. The umber of specimens of the conte mst should be the ‘Sine a tht ed fo et mre ‘63 Storage and Conditioning: {63.1 Condiioning and Handling of tet contol, ference snd le specimens sal be according to Practice G 147. “6.22 Its specimens ge coor oachined foes leper pisces, ey shouldbe condoned afr machining according {o Pracce D618, © Specifications D392, E11. fn some ‘Sroumstance, it may be necessty to precondition ihe sheets orto cing or mining to facta specimen preparation. The properties of some rns are very sensitive to moire content and the dustin of conditioning may need wo be longer than those specified in these standards, paricully where specimens have teen exposed to climatic extemes. 7. General Procedare “1 Mack cach specimen that willbe exposed with 2 unique \sentfying number i accordance with Practice G 147 “HLA Do not toock the srface of exposed specimens oF optical components with bue skin because cls that ae Aeposted may act as UV absorbers or contain cntainants which accelerate degradation. “12 Specific condivons and procedures forthe expose test depend on the type of device used and the mate beng tered. For open fame carbonate, enclosed carbon, foe rescent UV, and xenonate exposures, thse can be found in Practices G 152, G53, G83, and GISS and im other tenders, which reference these practices, “IL. For ec expen ort specie oe pints for impor tant parameters such as radiance temperae, and hum fue week. Typical, thee parameters ave meneed and coe trolled at single poston within the chaes, During noma tperton, thee iv an allowable departure ofthe mented ‘ale from te set point Anes AS provides detailed informa ‘don shout the mani allowable deparre ofthe meareed ‘ale fom the Set poi. "7.2.2. Asinge pont measurement does not mean conitons Uhroughout the cabinet are the same Tt does not mean two ests um in similar cabinets wil prodece the same resus. Cabinss {hat contol tempera by the black panel wil no produce the me test ar eabnet thar contol by hr aera. 1713 Select mated) propesies that exhibit a signiteant change during the exposure period in oder to provide weath- ‘ring performance discrimination among s seis of material 7.4 Follow the procedures described in the appropriate standard for measuring the properties of tet specimens before and aftr exposuse. 1.5 If nondesrstive teste are used to measure properties of the material ing tested, menue the peopetics of specimens before beguming the exposure. Aer each exposure scremest, measure the same property that is measured inal on the Specimens. Tae cate to mak the property measurement inthe Same postion used for the iil measurement. Nor 1S To moar he espouse of he stunent se © ease the ded opr coe an ewe scan Sand each ne he lasmenet eed 116 If destructive ets sensed to ease properties of the snare being tested, prepare a ape a of ten specimens fox each exposure petiog. Compare the Value of the property Mtr exposure tothe propery measured on an unexposed Set of Specineas measured peor to beplaning the exposure. Alterac Avely, the property can be meauzed on a separate set of unexposed fle specimens atthe same tine a the popes of exposed specimens is measured. Te ess for the unexposed ls specimens an fom the exposed specimens cab ten be compare Nore 16 Prost and formls or casing he change in sma opus ats a fener tar ese fan te found n Pastas D 87, 17 Some mates wil change color dang storage inthe ai, paricolarly after weahering I's esseaal at color ‘measurement or ist comparisons be cared out as son 25 Possible afer expose once the exposed surface has did. . Periods of Exposure and Evalvation of Test Results 1 In most cases, period evaluation of test and contol rman i necessity to determine the variation i mgt dud ection of peopesty change 2 futon of exposure Sipe bor raat expose 1.2 The time or rudant exposure necessary 10 proce a Asin change in a maeial property can be used te evalate of ank the stabi of material. Tas methods prefered over ‘aluating materiale air an achitry espote time oe adn exposue. 821 Exposure wo an ahiuay time or radiant exposure may be se for the purpose ofa specie test if agreed upon by he ates concerned or if required fo conformance oa parca Speciation. Whan a siasle exposure period is use, select a Ame or radiant exposure tat will podace the largest petfr- tance differences beween the test material or berween the test material andthe contol materia 5.22 The minimum exposuse ine used shill be dat uee- cssary to prodice a stbsontal change in the propery of interes for the lest sable materi being evaluated. Anexposure time tht produces significant change in one typeof ‘material canoe be assumed to be applicable to ober types of saterils 18.23 The relation between time to flue im an exposure ‘conducted according to this practice and service life in an ‘utdoor envzonment sequies determination of a valid accel ration factor. Do not we arbitrary acceleration fctrs relating {une in en exporure conducted according to this pratice and ‘ime in an outdoor envionment bacause Dey ean give erone- ‘os information, The acceleration factor is material dependent fn is only valid it is based on data fom a suficien namber of separate exterior and laboratory accelerated exposures 50 ‘hat reals used to relate times to faliare in each exporure can be analyzad using statisti] methods Nore 17—An exe of til sais ming mle abr ‘oad ae xpnuts cute an acneraton face sed SUA Sime 8.3 After each exposure increment, evaluat orate shanges ‘in exposed west specnmens according to applicable ASTM text. methods ‘84 When results ftom exposures conducted acording to ‘his practice are used in specifications, ane of the flowing ‘ree extra must be met 4.1 Ifa standard or epecifcation for general use rogues a efnte propery level ater a specific time or radiant exposure Iman exposure test conducted according to this practice, base ‘he specie propery level on ress fom round-rebin expe: "Nor IS—Gehe G13 tds examples showing ws fans of 9. Test Report 9.1 Report the following iaformaton 8.11 Specimen description; 9.1.1 ful desenpon ofthe specimens and thet origins 9.11.2 Compound detail, ce sme, and temperate where aporopaate: and 9111.3 Complete description ofthe method se for prepa ration of test specimens etn ny ne nae ty coe abe a sccm or eponiii of be eign Lburaan to ore te comple ‘Seen dessin les reper eo te exon a 9.12 Deseripnlon of Exposure Test—Desription of the expose device and Hight source incuding 1.21 Type of device and it sowce, 9.1.22 Dereon ofthe Ber used 9.12°3 AF requis setpoint for iadiance a he specimen suifie, including the Bandpass in which the raiaion was measured: ad 91.24 Trreqized, watage wef laboratory Hie source 9.125 Type of black or white panel thenmometer or both if red including the exact poston ofthe black or wile patel Temnomeier fit was not located inthe es specie exposure [Link] WF required, ype of instrument used 19 measure‘xponure and propery measurement procedures, Condusr tase round-obins acconding to Pracice E691 , and include a ‘aistcally representative sample ofall aborts or orp3- nizations who would normally conduct the exposare and Property measurement 8.42 If standard or specication for use escent oF thee paves rquies a definite property level alts a spose tine of radiant exposuie in an exposure test conducted accord- ing to this practice, base the speised property level om 9 independent experiments run in cach laboratory to determine the reprodaciity forthe exposure and propery measurement proces. The reproducibly ofthe exposuie/popery measure- reat process then used o determine the minimam level of propery aie the exposure that is mally apieeable tp al pais 8.4.3 When reproducibility in result fom an exposure test ‘conducted according to this race has not been established {trough round-robin testing, specify performance requtements {oe mateials in temas of comparison (ranked) © a coal ‘material All specimens shall be exposed simlaneously inthe same device. All conceme parties must agree on the speci ‘contol material use 8.43.1 Conduct analysis of variance to determine whether any differences betseea test materials and coawol mates is Sistcally significant. Expose seplictes ofthe test specimen tnd the contol specimen so that atstclly significant pre oemance difesences can be determined my DY Complete description of exprute cycle wid, ite clstag be following ifematon for eck ight sod ack Petod wet 9128 Set point for tempeanne recoded by the Mack pase temnomese, 128 Se pot fx elaive humldy ofa pasing ovr S410 Time of water spray peso andthe comitons of water wed for specie spy, fe, nding to sls {id lia count if tt soe pear than pen 212.1 Tine of ech tpt an dak pris 1212 Spear whe panel rpertn, f appicabes and "4.2.12 Setpoint for chamber sr temperate, i appli cate. 112.14 Description of method sed to mount specimens exposure tc icing destin fay tral ed ating forest pees 911215 Descpton for test specimen repostining, if ed 112.16 Description of he adores used for means igh done, fe 13 Te Resa Rac Het Winget of Reach on Depa of ASHE i i ay ga aGy 6151-09 9.13.1 Complete dsciption ofthe west procedure used for ‘measurement of any properties reported including reference to pplcable ASTM cr ater sandards 9.132 Ress fiom propenty messueuat on test specie 9.13.3 Results fom property measurement on contol specimens DLL31 Results from property measurements on unexposed ‘le specimens, if determined and, 8.155 Exposure peiod (citer time in hous, or radiant nergy in Yn? and the bandpass in which it Was measured) 9.4 The date of the test 10, Pression snd Bias 101 Precision and ios information canbe foun in relevant standards describing the specific type of exposure device AL, Keywords Lt accelerated; durability: expose; ght emperane snestheringsultavislet; Uaioe ANNEXES: {or Equipment Manufacturers |AL, PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING IRRADIANCE UNIFORMITY IN SPECIMEN EXPOSURE ARES AL Indevies that ue rack to hold specimens and rsae ‘hem around alight source, measure inadiance aa posite in ‘he specimen rack that icosest othe ight sxtce (positon A) in Fig. AL-L and atleaet wo postions within the ck ‘hat are farthest from the lg source (postion B)n Fis. ALL ‘Thereltionship beeen the inadhance at postion B relative to ‘he radiance & positon shall bea fellows Ez OTE, aun) AL2 In devices where specimens are positioned in Ht plane in out of aight souce, measut radiance ata postion fn the specimen plane that is closet to the ight source (oso Xia Fig. A.) and in atleast vo oppose comes of the plane where ont apecimen ae placed (penion Tin Fa, B B My \ A 5 A 7 j 8 B Flat Specimen Rack [AL2). The relationship berween the idiance at position ¥ relative tothe iadiance a position x shall be a5 flows: B07 ata gh ALI Th ii ie fr X a Be AL te ay var oe ced in he Be. AL3 The maximum izadiance may not beat the center of the exposure area, Therefore the actal maximum iadance Shall be used for E, Ey in Eq ALL and Eq AL2. Unless ‘therviae specified, lest four measurements sll be made ihe periphery of the ropesed exposure are (for example fear the comes of fat specimen planes ‘whee Qooresceat B B wy NIG A SZ A YR y WN B B Canted Specimen Rack Deviees Using «Rotting Specinen Rack ®9 x r @ Y g Flat specimen plane with fluorescent lamps Y Yo || x || Y Y Flat specimen plane with multiple point sources Flat specimen plane with multiple line sources Fi. A12 Mescuring krndiance Unitrmty in Device ith Ft Specimen Plane (Shaded fren Indonn Florasent Lamps or Une Soares) lamps or Line sources ate used asthe ight sours), For more precise defiton of the allowed exposure area where Ey oF Ey ist the requiement of equations EAL} or EqAL S many tore thin foor measirements near the periphery of the exposure area wil be necessary ALA. Asan altemate © inadlnce measurements, nifor- smi of inadiznce may be determined by use of reference ‘ates. The change in characteris propery of the teflr- fence materi shall be known faction, preferably linear, of {dian exposue. Do aot use reference mail, that show an induction tine with ile change in property asa function of radiant exposure. Fig. 1.3 ie 2 plot showing characteristic property of capiidate reference materials a fncven of Fadia? expesute of exposure time. The pleted eleence ‘matenal shows a compltly Linas response Uxoaghout the fxponire period. Materials that show a linear responte fol- lowed by & pesiod where response i nt near must coy be sed during the exposure pesiod exhibiting Linear response Prior to using reference material to detemine anformity of imadinnce, repeatability ofthe propery change fr specimens ofthe reference material exposed tthe same positon must be ‘dtenined. When tefeence matte ate used all pecinens shall be from the same let. Expose reference material spi ses oni there ssa messtable change i the characteristic fropery being monitored. The allowed exponue ae i fetned by the postions where the change inthe reference fatal ie at leet 70° of reference eerie specinen Showing the maximum amoubt of change cf tence mate booms fees propery cage sea ‘toe anal pein eed ste exer i exe a ‘hese epost atthe cener maybe afer sce by aes teapeanre cr sae ccs, ce otk ell & ieee tmaance120 100 80 60 20 o® o® ‘characteristic property (arbitrary units) o 5 10 15 20 25 radiant exposure or exposure time (arbitrary units) Dome typical rapone of charmer mil «font of expos fr referents wih arcane age ye) fo sara wih indus pried fx pop ange (oen nl yu), do fence el witha pti of Una hang (gen cle ‘mba fowed by regen of om er change (lle syn, 1G. 1. Typ! Reaponee of Chreciii Mal ae Function of Exposure for Pference Mater A2, REQUIREMENTS FOR UNINSULATED AND INSULATED BLACK PANEL THERMOMETERS A241 Uninsulated black-panel thermometers consist of 2 plane (fat) metal pate thts esstant to corrosion. The surface ff this plate that faces the light source shall be coated with 2 black layer which hat good resistance to aging. The coated ‘Mack plate shall absorb at east 90-95 & of ll incident Bux to 2500 tun. A thermal sensitive element shall be Gamlyatached to the center ofthe exposed surface. The backside of the metal nel shall be open t the atmosphere within the exposure stamber A22 Insulated black panel thermometers consist of 3 plane 8a) stainless tec plate witha thickness of shout OS ram. The ‘minim dimenstons fo the taints tel plate ce 70 mm by 30 mam (2). Te surface of this plate facia the Light source sll be coated with a lack layer which has good resistance to zing, The coated black pate shal absorb a east 90-95 & of All incident ux to 2500 am, A temperate sensor shall be ‘suched in good thennal contact to the ceater of the plate on the side opposite the radiation source. This side of the metal ple shall be atached to & som thick base plate mde of lunfled polyvinylidene Auaide (PVDF). Asal space sf ‘lent to Hold he platinum resistance sensor shal be machined in the PVDF base plate. The distance berwecn the seasoe and this ecess inthe PVDF plat is aboot | mm. The length andthe ‘width of the PVDF plate must be sufficient so that no metalic ‘henna contac exits been the black cones metal pate nd ‘he mounting older nto whichit is ted. The metalic mounts ofthe insulated Mack panel holder shall beat eat 4x fom the edges ofthe metal plate. Ineulsted black panel thermo. ‘tes, which fer in construction ae penned a long asthe temperate ofthe aerate construction is within = LO°C of the specified constuction a ll steady sate terpecaice and Inradiane seings the exposore device i capable of ataininz In addition, the time needed for an alternate inslatd black panel thermometer constuction to reach steady sae anus be within 10°% of the time needed for the specified insulted [ack panel themometer teach sey sate Now A21teaated ack panel emote ae efene a ‘una sana hemor 150 89,My 6151-08 ‘ASA. Exposure conditions such ab temperature, bumicy, and imadianee, are monitored and controled ty means of contol sensor at parcular locations in the chamber, [Link] The st pont isthe taget condition for the sensor sed atthe operational contl point and is programed by the taser. Whea the exposure eycle calls for a particular set point, the user programs the device to use that exact umber Operational factations are deviation from the indicated set point curing equiiium operation. The maximum allowable pertional Shetation during equiibium conditions i given in Table ASL. AG.12 The operational fucnstons given i Table A2.1 do not imply thatthe user is allowed wo progsam a st poi higher for lower than the exact setpoint specified ‘AGL3 The operational fuctualons piven in Table A3.1 ‘eft to allowable deviations from te at poine in the seocing sccally cbserved at the contel sensor during equilbrum operation, These deviations are the rest of unavoidable ‘ABLE 43.1 Operational Fuctustion of Measured Valu tthe (Cnaal Senor During Equllrum Gonaon sng Eta Opn ft) pace Pace Ton Fae Tanpeas = 75 Coton ee abe Ganowr he Torowaie = 200) torn age cue Haney Fie tome ween [Link], 233 (iee atm est Bieamand WY iaerce PW er bapass age try (rosee wn. fee) Stcmand vedas (o0- Toe abn eng or Eon seseye i) ‘varntions in machine variables. I the operational fuctaton is treater than the maximom allowable specified in Table 31, Aisconinue th test unl the problem is eoived. ‘A22_Operatonal ctuasons of less than the maximum ‘values shown in Table 2.1 may be specified if greed upon by all iverested partes A33. Operational Guctuaions of temperate and relative humidity do not apply daring spray cycles. .A34 Operational uctuatons only apply for test conditions actualy speciied by the west eyele. Some devices do not ‘conto all ofthe posible test parameters (or example, relative humidity, chamber air terperatare, or irradiance), “ASH. Devies tat donot contol a particular operational parameter should not be used perform tests where contol of that parameter is specie, ASS The operstional fucnstone given i Table ASL apply only ate location of the contol senor, and do not Imply nifomnity of conditions around the test chamber. Now 43.1 Commitee 303 is weeking t dotlop 2 sudan esc bow determine nfm of cnatons win the aloe AB. Uncertainty of sensor calibration i ot included inthe above operational lctntions or the operational ctuations Spocied with these point, ands dealt wath separately by the ‘anufscier of the instrument used to calirate the sono. ART. Set points and operational factastons may either be Usted independently ofeach ether, or they may be listed in che format! Setpoint = operational futuaions APPENDINES (Nonmandatory Information) XI, FACTORS THAT DECREASE DEGREE OF CORRELATION BETWEEN ACCELERATED TESTS USING LAHORATORY LIGHT SOURCES AND ACTUAL USE EXPOSURES XI Diferences i the Spectral Dsmtbution or Intensity Rerween the Laboratory Light Source and Solar Ralaon X1.L1 Shorter thn normal wavelength exposures are often ‘weed obtain fetr fire rates an Inoratory aeelerated exposure tat For outdoor exposures, the cut-on for short ‘wavelength UV radiation is generally considered to be about 4300 am, Exposures to UV radiation of wavelengths les tan 500 mm, may produce degradation reactions, which do not ‘oovar when the material is ued outdoor, Ir labortory List fource used in an accelerated tet contains UV radon of ‘wavelengths shorter thn that found inthe actual se condition. the mechanism of degradation and stability enking of materic als can be dramatically diferent inthe accelerated tes, 1.1.2 lemay not be necessary to simulate daylight over the ‘ntie spectrum, if ratition in & specific resin is known t9 Produce the rpe of degradation of ierest in the materials Deing tested and ack of other spectral repions doesnot alter stably tanking of materials. Laboratory light sources, which Ihave avery stong emission in a microm band relative 1 the est ofthe uluaiolet or visible spectrum, however, may cause ‘a parila action te favored elatve to hers which may ‘be veny important (3). This type of Hight source lso may not reduce the same changes caused in exposures to daylight Exposes to Hight soulces, which oaly produce uluavilet radiation may not produce color fade caused by visibleQy ost -09 radiaon, and may cause polymer yellowing that is mote pronounced than that prodaved by exposures to daylight X12 Ligh Imensies Higher Than Those Experienced be Actua Cee. Condiions—Light inteasives higher than those fxperienced ia actal use conditions sypially ate ased in Exposules 10 Iboraory Tight soues iy ender © accelerate Aegradstion, There ae several reasons why the use of abnor- tmally high iradiane can change the mechanism of material Segradauon felaive to the conditions found in actual use fnvioninent. Some mntrisls are more tensive to changes in light intensity than other, so the use of abnorzlly high ‘madiance can ale te stability Fankog of materials, 1X12.1 In exeriorexposues, polymers in an excited state ansed by sbsorption ofa high energy photon typically will Aecay to round state before absorbing anther igh enerey poten. In exposures 10 laboratory light sousces with aboot tally high ight fu, however, the rat of photon absorption i sobieh thn the material wil oem absorbs high ener Photon fvhen ities nan exched state (4. X1.22 Free radicals are formed in materials exposed 0 ntuavoler light Reactions leading wo degradation occu when ‘the fre radicals interac withthe motel. Free reccale also fan recombine with other fre radicals in reactions that do mot lead to degiaaton. The high couceavaten of ree tadicals formed under high iradiance conditions resol in a greater peentage of recombination duc tothe close pronimity of he Fee radicals, particularly in polymers exposed at emperacs below their T, X12.3 Oxjgen difasion can sometimes become rate limit- lng in polymer oxidation processes where abnormally high ‘nradiane, oe abermally high specimen emperates, ate used for test acceleration (6). This ean produce differences in the ‘mechanism for depradation teacioas and inay cause an abot ‘al ratio of surface to Balk odation, which cold ert in ‘unnatural color shifts o pysical property changes. X13 Comtnuous Exposure 10 Light from a Laboraory Light Source Without ry Dark Priods—Contsmpous exposure to ight from laboratory light sourees often is used in oder 19 fchieve accelerated depradason telative to actal use onde tions. Coninacus exposure to light however, may eliminate ‘iia dark reactions that actri audoor exposures indoor ‘se condiious whee thve are seguar periods without light X14 Specimen Temperarures That Are Abnormally High Relaive ro Acual Ute Condidons—Tenuperaes higher thn ‘ose expecenced in actual use conditions often ate used to ‘obtain faster degradation in Inboratony accelerate tests, Some polymers are much more susceptible to degradation fom ‘hema effects than others. For materia that ae subject othe ‘be ale and ie of photadepradation, exposures st sbnot- mally high temperatures may make a temperate sensve smatral appear o be las durable compared ta less tempera: fue seustive mate. In addition, exposues a emperamnes above the glass transition temperate of polymers can alter fdramticaly the mechanism of degradation and stably rank ing compared to exposures conducted at «temperate below the glass wansition tempevanye. The black patel tempeatare sed ina Iboretory accelerate test sould be maintained in rearoable range, which usualy is po higher than the maxi ‘mum observed forthe blak pape in acl use conditions, X15. Esposure Conditions That Produce Unretisicaly Large Temperature Diferences Between Light and Dark Col- fore Specbnens~Some iabotatory ight sources produce large Smownts of inrared radiation, In oder to prevemt overheating Sf epecimens, the infsed radiation an be seshced wing Infared absoibing ox reflecting Mes, or by passing lage amounts of ar though the specimen chamber (0 cool speci- tens, Mf menue to conel te amount of ifineedsadation ‘eaching specinens belay exposed ae not sufficient temperature diferences between ight and dark colored speci- mens of the same material can be larger than would be sen is natural exposure, Some laboratory Hight sources produce very lie or no inesed radiation. When these types of laboratory Tigh Souces ae used, the difeence beeween dak and Usht colored specimens may be less than tat found in eutoor exposures. X16. Temperature Cycling Conditions That are Diferort from Those Found in Actual Use Conditons—Abaorlly high temperate cycling frequencies can produce sméchanicallyvindced ciackibg or oer depradtin nt seen tm ovttoor exposures Exposite devices, which spray spe mens with water when the light source is on, can produce an shnonnally rapid change in temperate that slo may prodace ‘sacking not produced in outdoor exposures X17. Unvealisically High or Low Levels of Moistare— Moisture is vry npertant for producing depraation of many polymers. If the amount of moister the wy in hich Specimens are exposed othe effects of moisture in laboratory scceleratad tet difers fmm the sca! se envionment, the ‘mechanism and mate of degradation may be much diferent. This can have a significant eect on the stability ranking of materials X18. Absence of Biological Agems or Pollants— Materials that ae exposed in arm, set locations often ae sujet to significant growth of biological agent, such a fang, bacteria, and [Link] present in many exeior feavironments havea significant affect on the mechanism and fate of depralation for some plastics. I these effets ae not !ncladed ina laboratory acelerated exposure test, the mechoe ‘lam and tality ranking of materials may be signifeandly ‘Etferet than that found inexteice exposes.py crs1-09 SYSTEMATIC REPOSITIONING OF SPECIMENS 1X21 Random Positioning of Replicate Specimens —Use of replicae specimens is 2 tequtement for exposures conducted sccording to this sandud. For cach expose istement, the replicate specimens of all test and conuol matenals are randomly pestioned within the exposure area that meets the ladiance uniformity requirements defied in 5.12. 1X22 Specimen Repositioning During Exposure—Reulae specimen reposioning during exposure i. always a good. practice, oven in device where redince uniformity mets the Fequremens were eposivoning is not manéstry. There are feveral approaches te specimen repostoning that ay be wed ‘These are described inthe following sections X21 Deviees wih Rotating Specimen Racte—Whece specimens are placed in bolers that ate aranged in sections of aspecimen rack that rotates roand the light source, more specimen holders from the top section to the bottom section find holders froma th botom sation tothe section immediately hove. Move specimen holds in intermediate sections up one fection, This i shown in Fig X21 221.1 IF multiple specimens are exposed in a single holder i is no necetary to teponiton the specimens win the hoer. However, within older repositioning is deste, follow the same gencral procedure described for repositioning ‘he balers, X2.22 Devices with Flat Specimen Exposure Areas— Where specimens are aranged in aft plane ar axed distance fiom the plane of the ight souces, nove specimens holders from the left edge ofthe plane tthe right edge. Move holders tthe right edge one positon tothe left If azeed upon by all, artes, i x posible to divide the ft plane of the exposure ‘Hea into smaller subsections and conduct specimen reposton- Ing within each section, or to reposition all specimens in a Supe subsection to a clfeeatsubsecuon. For instance, one ‘could divide the exposure area note halves, ether vertically for horiontally. Fz. X2.> Maswates possible patems for ‘epostioning specimens when the exposuie azea is « fat specimen pane ‘X22.2.1 IF mobile specimens are exposed in a single het, it s not necessary to reposition the specimens within the holder. However, f within older repositioning is desire, follow he same general procedures deseibed in X2.21 for his repositioning X23 Repastioning Frequency Table X21 sts suggested frequencies for specimen repesoning.FIG. X21 Specimen Repositioning Where Specimens are Dictibuied in Varical Sections of the Expocure Area of a Specimen Rack “That Rote Around the Light Sourcehy s 151-09 or =e) =e) -2 Specimen Repostoning Where Specimens ae in Hokies That are Distt in a Fat Plane TABLE 221 Suggested Frequency for Specimen Repeeioning ‘a Epona Te eee a Feo te Repost Bam, Ney some Eeecaoed XS. COMPARISON OF BENCHMARK SOLAR UV SPECTRUM AND CIE 85 TABLE 4 SOLAR SPECTRUM, X1_ ASTM G177, Standard Tables for Reference Solar Utravilet Spectral Distibatons: Hemispherical on 37 depree ‘Tite Surface, descrber a benchak sla spectrum based on amospeic conditions that provide for very high level of shot ‘wavelength solar ultraviolet redation. This solar spectram 3s ‘aloalated tsing the SMARTS? solar raiation model (7-9). ‘ASTM Adjunct ADIGOI73, SMARTS? Solar Radintion Mode {oe Specual Radiation provides the program and documentse ‘ion for caleulaing solr spectral iadiance. X32. Previous versions of ths standind cited CIE. 85 ‘Table 4 asthe benchmark solar spectra spectrum, Table X3.1 compares the basic atmospheric conditions used forthe new benchmark solar speeuum described in ASTM G 177 and for ‘he solar spectrum described in CIE 85 Table 4 X33. Table X32 compares inailance (alulaed using ectngular integration) aud clave utedince for the ASTM G77 benchmark solar spectra spectum and forthe CTE 85 ‘TABLE X24 Compson of Basic Aimospheic Condtions Used Yor the ASTH'G'/7 Benchmark Solar Spectum and GE OS “Tl Slo Spectrum saenon nse St a repeater oer 1 ae 2000 . ‘ae srteigtaata © Onna) ‘icipaws gesagt cai a2 iti i) ae pened ous a ‘Table solar spectrum, in the bandpusses used in Practices GIS WG 158‘Spectr ‘Secu Sean Lp SS Tinie sie [REFERENCES (a) Sims 1, Touma of Caangs Tectsbg AST, Vel 0 197, (a) Borhanme J Rocke, DTaP “Black Sand The spose” Binet, Vl 35,195, 5 (9) Seale, ND,~ Ele of Light Source Enns on Dusalty Te Ine Symponie ccleted and Ostaor Deby Testing of (rane Mizvls STB STP 1302, ASTB 1098p. (4) Saat, "Poe: Depaaon, Piles and Pac App caus" pp 98-100, Macnllan Publis Ca fc, New Va ‘ost (Gani, 8, Set, 6, “ey Depa an Saati” yp. 157 Cami Users Pei Yate NY 18 (6 Chong RE Glen, > Payal Techies or Pring Heo seme: Pojnes Depron” Delmer Suzan an Depre SSL ACS Smoyesion Sane 3 Per lems, Ele, Ameen Chena! Saiey, Wastingon DO. 188 () Guermd , "Panmetzed Tansitane Motel fr Diva Bean sh Cae Ss ta Sl Ear WL NGS (a) Gueymar. CAL Mer, D, and Ey, Ke, “Propo Reece Taine Sect fo Scar Egy Syms Tsing Sola Eres, Wei, No 6 2002, p45 (o) Mos DR Er, ant GoemunC. "Revi a Vine ‘Spr radance Rfeeace Sania for Porat Pefomance Braun” Trawacton of the Aenean Soa of Necae ‘rgieers oun of Solar nee) Entec, Vd 126, Fe 208 (ug) CE Pesintoe Number 85: Recommendations fr te ert Indeed te Special Dib of Senet Sle Raton {er Testing Pepe, Lt ee, 190 (Aveate Gen Ameria [Nesoed Sus Indaue, 11 W, 2d Sets Boor, New Yoke NY 1036, S10 ener! ng te especie yf pt seg cere Pay or ec sas tuned Urs ssa py steal ba Sr a yo a a ‘geet acne evry se egos nad xy AT atin, 06a nia Sich eer geese foes oe Ore pra, SYCRHSS fa) Sereno. (seen fas of ougtte AST we