CHAPTER 3

FLOTATION
Chapter 3
Flotation
Exercise -3

Answer 1
Given:1. Dimensions of wooden log = 8m * 2m * 2m
2. Draft at FW = 1.6m
RD of FW = 1.000

2m
1.6m
2m
8m

Volume displaced by log = L * B *draft

Volume displaced by log = 8 * 2 * 1.6
Volume displaced by log = 25.6m3
RD of FW =

Mass of log
Volume of water displaced

1.000 = Mass of log

25.6
25.6 t = mass of log
Volume of log = L * B H
Volume of log = 8 * 2 * 2
Volume of log = 32m3
Density of log = Mass of log
Volume of log

Page 1 of 13

CHAPTER 3
FLOTATION
Density of log = 25.6t
32.0m3
Density of log = 0.8t/m3
1. Mass of log is 25.6t
2. Density of log is 0.8t/m3

Answer 2
Given:1. Dimensions of log = 5m * 1.6m * 1m
2. Mass of log = 6t

1m
1.6m
5m
Volume of log = L * B * H
Volume of log = 5 * 1.6 * 1
Volume of log = 8m3
Density of log = Mass of log
Volume of log
Density of log = 6
8
Density of log = 0.75 t/m3
RD = Density of log
Density of FW
RD = 0.75
1.0
RD = 0.75
Mass of SW displaced = 6t

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CHAPTER 3
FLOTATION
Density of SW =

Mass of log
Volume displaced

1.025t/m3

=
6t
.
L * B * draft

1.025t/m3

=
6t
.
5 * 1.6 * draft

Draft

=
6
.
5 * 1.6 * 1.025

Draft

= 0.732m

1. Draft in SW is 0.732m
2. RD of log is 0.75

Answer 3
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.

Breath of log = 3m
Height of log = 2m
RD of water = 1.01
Density of log = 0.7t/m3

3m

2m

Let length of log = l

Let draft of log = d
Density of log = Mass of log
Volume of log
0.7 = Mass of log
3*2*l
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CHAPTER 3
FLOTATION
0.7 * 3 * 2 * l = mass of log
Density of water= Mass of log
Under water Volume
1.01

= 0.7 * 3 * 2 * l
l*3*d

1.01 * 3 * l *d = 0.7 * 3 * 2 * l
d

= 1.386m
1. Draft of log is 1.386m

Answer 4
Given:1. Diameter of cylinder
2. Length of cylinder
3. Draft

= 2m
= 10m
= 0.6 m

RD of FW = 1.000
NOTE : VOLUME OF ANY 3 DIMENSIONAL UNIFORM OBJECT IS GIVEN BY THE FORMULA
BASE AREA * HEIGHT

2m
A
B
0.6m

Area of segment BDC = Area of sector ABDC Area of triangle ABC

AB = AD = AC = 1m (Radius of the circle)
AE + ED = AD
AE = AD ED
AE = 1m 0.6m
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CHAPTER 3
FLOTATION
AE = 0.4m
In right angle triangle AEC
(AE)2 + (EC)2 = (AC)2

(Pythagoras Theorem)

(0.4)2 + (EC)2 = (1)2

(EC)2 = (1)2 (0.4)2
(EC)2 = 1 0.16
(EC)2 = 0.84
EC = 0.84
EC = 0.917m
BE = EC (AE is perpendicular bisector on BC)
BC = BE + EC
BC = 0.917m + 0.917m
BC = 1.834m
Area of triangle ABC = 1 * Base * Height
2
Area of triangle ABC = 1 * BC * AE
2
Area of triangle ABC = 1 * 1.834 * 0.4
2
Area of triangle ABC = 0.3668m2
In triangle AEC
Cos = AE
AC

(Cos = B)
H

Cos = 0.4
1.0
= Cos-1(0.4)
= 66.42
Similarly in triangle ABE, BAE = 66.42
BAC =

BAE + EAC

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CHAPTER 3
FLOTATION
BAC = 66.42 + 66.42
BAC = 132.84
Area of sector ABDC = * * r2
360
Area of sector ABDC = 132.84 * 22 * (1)2
360 * 7
Area of sector ABDC = 1.1597m2
Area of segment BDC = Area of sector ABDC Area of triangle ABC
Area of segment BDC = 1.1597m2 0.3668m2
Area of segment BDC = 0.7929m2
Under water volume = Area of segment BDC * Height
Under water volume = 0.7929 * 10
Under water volume = 7.929 m3
Density of FW =

Mass of log
Under water volume of log

1 = Mass of log
7.929
1 * 7.929 = Mass of log
7.929 t = Mass of log
Mass of log is 7.929 t

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CHAPTER 3
FLOTATION
Answer 5
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.

Length of triangular barge = 20m

Breath of triangular barge = 12 m
Depth of triangular barge = 06m
Draft of triangular barge = 04m

12 m

C
6m

4m

A
BG = GC (AG is perpendicular bisector on BC)
BG = GC = 6m
In triangle AGC and triangle AFE
1.
2.
3.

EAF = EAF
AFE = AGC
AEF = ACG

(Common angle)
(Corresponding angles)
(Corresponding angles)

Triangle AGC is similar to triangle AFE by AAA similarity.

We know that sides of similar triangle are in equal ration,
So
AF = EF
AG GC
4 = EF
6
6
4 * 6 = EF
6
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CHAPTER 3
FLOTATION
4m = EF
EF = FD

(AF is perpendicular bisector on DE)

4m = FD
ED = EF + FD
ED = 4m + 4m
ED = 8m
Area of triangle ADE = 1 * Base * Height
2
Area of triangle ADE = 1 * DE * FA
2
Area of triangle ADE = 1 * 8 * 4
2
Area of triangle ADE = 16m2
Density of SW =
Mass of barge
Underwater Volume of barge
Density of SW =
Mass of barge
Underwater surface area of barge * length
1.025

= Mass of barge
16 *20

1.025 * 16 * 20 = Mass of barge

328 t

= Mass of barge

Answer 6
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.

Diameter of drum
Height of drum
RD of water
Draft

= 1.2m
= 2m
= 1.016
= 1.4m

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CHAPTER 3
FLOTATION

1.2m

1.4m

2m

Radius = Diameter
2
Radius = 1.2
2
Radius = 0.6m
Height = Freeboard + Draft
2m = Freeboard + 1.4m
2m 1.4m = Freeboard
0.6m = Freeboard
Density of water

= Mass of lead
Volume above water

Density of water

= Mass of lead
* r2 * freeboard

1.016

= Mass of lead
* r2 * 0.6

1.016 * 0.6 * * r2

= Mass of lead

1.016 * 0.6 * 22 * (0.6)2 = Mass of lead

7
1.016 * 0.6 * 22 * 0.6 * 0.6= Mass of lead
7
0.69 t

= Mass of lead

Maximum amount of lead mass that can be put in without sinking is 0.69 t
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CHAPTER 3
FLOTATION
Answer 7
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.

Length of barge
Breath of barge
Initial draft
Final draft

= 10m
= 5m
= 3m
= 1m

RD of SW = 1.025

3m

1m

5m
10 m

Density of SW = Initial mass of barge

Underwater Volume of barge
1.025

= Initial mass of barge

L * B * draft

1.025

153.75t

= Initial mass of barge

Density of SW =

Initial mass of barge

10 * 5 * 3

Final mass of barge

Underwater volume of barge

Density of SW = Final mass of barge

L * B * draft
1.025

= Final mass of barge

10 * 5 * 1

1.025 * 10 * 5 * 1= Final mass of barge

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CHAPTER 3
FLOTATION
51.25 t

= Final mass of barge

Load on crane = change in displacement

Load on crane = Initial displacement Final displacement
Load on crane = 153.75t 51.25t
Load on crane = 102.5t
Load on crane is 102.5 t

Answer 8
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Length of box
Width of box
Height of box
RD of water
Draft of box

= 2.4m
= 1.2m
= 0.8m
= 1.012
= 0.2m

1.2 m
2.4 m
0.8 m

0.2 m

Freeboard of box

= Total height Draft of box

Freeboard of box

= 0.8m 0.2m

Freeboard of box

= 0.6m

RD of water

= Mass of SW to pour
Volume above water

RD of water

= Mass of SW to pour
L * B * Freeboard

1.012

= Mass of SW to pour
2.4m * 1.2m * 0.6m
Page 11 of 13

CHAPTER 3
FLOTATION
1.012 * 2.4 * 1.2 * 0.6 = Mass of SW to pour
1.749 t

= Mass of SW to pour

Maximum amount of SW that can be poured into without sinking is 1.749t

Answer 9
Given:1. Displacement of SW
2. Length of vessel
3. Breath of vessel

= 18450t
= 150m
= 20 m

18450 t

20 m
150 m

RD of SW

= 1.025

RD of SW

= Displacement
Underwater Volume

RD of SW

= Displacement
L * B * draft

1.025

= 18450
150 * 20 * draft

1.025 * 150 * 20 * draft = 18450

Draft

= 18450
1.025 * 150 * 20

Draft

= 6m

Draft of the vessel is 6m

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CHAPTER 3
FLOTATION
Answer 10
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Length of vessel
= 120m
Breath of vessel
= 15m
RD of DW
= 1.005
Draft
= 5m
Maximum permissible draft = 6m (in SW)

NOTE : FOR A BOX SHAPED VESSEL DENSITY IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO DRAFT

Let initial draft in SW = x
5 = 1.025
X 1.005
5 * 1.005 = x
1.025
4.902m = x
Maximum permissible draft (SW) = Initial draft in SW + Permissible sinkage
6m

= 4.902m + Permissible sinkage

RD of SW = Cargo to load
Permissible sinkage of volume
RD of SW = Cargo to load
L * B * Permissible sinkage
1.025

= Cargo to load
120 * 15 * 1.098

1.025 * 120 * 15 * 1.098 = Cargo to load

2025.8 t = Cargo to load
Cargo to load is 2025.8t

-o0o-

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