CREATING A CLIMATE FOR ADULT LEARNING
Creating a learning environment that meets the needs of adult learners is a key
element of successful adult education programs. The challenge is to create a
nonthreatening atmosphere in which adults have permission and are expected to
share in the responsibility for their learning. Following are some strategies for
accomplishing this: o Establish Adult-to-Adult Rapport. To build rapport with
adults in the learning environment, use positive nonverbal communication, deal
with the whole person, address learners as equals, share authority, and employ
informal room arrangements such as placing all the chairs in a circle, in a U, or
around a table. Adult students also appreciate instructors who share appropriate
information about themselves and who are approachable and accessible. o Create a
Participatory Environment. A participatory environment, which helps learners
assume responsibility for their own learning, can be created by involving the
learners in deciding on course content and establishing class management
guidelines, having learners serve as instructional resources, and monitoring learner
satisfaction throughout the activity. Providing multiple learning options, which
enables learners to choose those methods and materials best suited to their needs,
will also encourage participation. o Facilitate Adult Independence. Instructors can
help adults assume more responsibility for their own learning by encouraging them
to learn on their own, serving as a role model of an independent adult learner, and
teaching decision-making and problem-solving techniques. o Provide for
Individual Differences. Because they have an independent self-concept, adults
view themselves as individuals, and it is important to acknowledge adults as
individuals in the educational setting. Individual differences can be accommodated
by using a variety of instructional techniques, providing appropriate and varied
instructional materials, relating instruction to learners' experience, and adjusting
for physiological and psychological differences.
A climate in which adult learning flourishes provides the opportunity for adult
learners to have ownership, to participate, and to feel that the activity is related to
their needs.