1.
Amplitude Modulation
t=0:0.0001:0.02
msg=10*cos(2*pi*100*t)
carr=20*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
amw=(20+msg).*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(t,msg)
title('Message signal')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t,carr)
title('Carrier signal')
figure;
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,amw)
title('Under Modulation')
msg=30*cos(2*pi*100*t)
amw=(20+msg).*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,amw)
title('over modulation')
msg=20*cos(2*pi*100*t)
amw=(20+msg).*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t,amw)
title('100 % modulation')
OUTPUT WAVEFORMS
[Link] of AM wave using Hilbert transform
t=0:0.0001:0.02
fc=1000
Ec=7
Carr=Ec*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
fm=100
Em=7
Mod=Em*sin(2*pi*fm*t)
Am=(Ec+Mod).*(sin(2*pi*fc*t))
disp('Performing Amplitude Demodulation using Hilbert transform');
Am_hil=hilbert(Am)
Am_abs=abs(Am_hil)
Am_Demod=Am_abs-mean(Am_abs)
disp('plotting the results');
figure;subplot(4,1,1);plot(t,Mod);
title('Message Waveform');
%xlabel('Time(sec)');ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(4,1,2);plot(t,Carr);title('carrier waveform');
%xlabel('Time(Sec)');ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(4,1,3);plot(t,Am);title('amplitude modulated wave form');
%xlabel('Time(sec)');ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(4,1,4);
plot(t,Am_Demod);
title('Amplitude demodulated waveform');
%xlabel('Time(sec)');ylabel('Amplitude');
Output Waveforms
[Link] using Diode detector
t=0:0.0001:0.02
msg=16*cos(2*pi*200*t)
carr=10*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
subplot(4,1,1)
plot(t,msg)
title('Message waveform')
subplot(4,1,2)
plot(t,carr)
title('Carrier waveform')
amw=(10+msg).*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
subplot(4,1,3)
plot(t,amw)
title('AM wave')
for tim=1:200;
if(amw(tim)<0)
amw(tim)=0;
end
end
[den,num]=butter(1,2*pi*0.025)
for i=1:20
amw=filter(den,num,amw);
end
subplot(4,1,4)
plot(t,amw)
title('Demodulated waveform')
Output Waveforms
[Link] Modulation
t=0:0.0001:0.02;
fc=1000
Ec=3
Carr=Ec*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
fm=100
Em=7
Mod=Em*sin(2*pi*fm*t)
DSBSC=Mod.*Carr
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,Mod)
title('Message waveform')
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,Carr)
title('Carrier waveform')
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t,DSBSC)
title('DSBSC modulated waveform')
Output Waveforms
[Link] Demodulation
t=0:0.0001:0.02;
fc=1000
Ec=3
Carr=Ec*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
fm=100
Em=7
Mod=Em*sin(2*pi*fm*t)
DSBSC=Mod.*Carr
x=DSBSC.*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
R=1000;
C=1.59*power(10,-6);
h=(1/(R*C))*exp(-t/(R*C))
y=conv(x,h)
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,Mod)
title('Modulating Signal')
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,DSBSC)
title('Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier')
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(y)
axis([0 200 -1.5*power(10,5) 1.5*power(10,5)])
title('DSBSC after Demodulation')
Output Waveform
[Link] DSBSC using Balanced Modulator
t=0:0.0001:0.02
fc=1000
Ec=3
fm=100
m=3
s1=Ec*(1+(m*cos(2*pi*fm*t))).*cos(2*pi*fc*t)
s2=Ec*(1-(m*cos(2*pi*fm*t))).*cos(2*pi*fc*t)
s=s1-s2
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,s1)
title('Amplitude Modulated Signal 1')
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,s2)
title('Amplitude Modulated Signal 2')
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t,s)
title('DSBSC')
Output Waveforms
[Link] Modulation
t=0:0.0001:0.04
msg=5*cos(2*pi*200*t)
carr=10*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
ht=imag(Hilbert(msg))
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,msg)
title('Message waveform')
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,carr)
title('Carrier Waveform')
ssb1=(msg.*(carr/10))+(ht.*sin(2*pi*1000*t))
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t,ssb1)
title('SSBSC')
Output Waveforms
[Link] of SSBSC
t=0:0.0001:0.04
msg=5*cos(2*pi*200*t)
carr=10*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
ht=imag(Hilbert(msg))
subplot(4,1,1)
plot(t,msg)
title('Message waveform')
subplot(4,1,2)
plot(t,carr)
title('Carrier Waveform')
ssb1=(msg.*(carr/10))+(ht.*sin(2*pi*1000*t))
subplot(4,1,3)
plot(t,ssb1)
title('SSBSC Modulated wave')
impres=(400*pi)*exp(-t*400*pi)
demd=conv((ssb1.*(carr/10)),impres)
k=0:0.0001:0.08
subplot(4,1,4)
plot(k,demd)
title('Demodulated waveform')
Output Waveforms
[Link] Spectrum of Amplitude Modulated Wave
t=0:0.0001:0.02
fc=1000
Ec=7
Carr=Ec*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
fm=100
Em=3
Mod=Em*sin(2*pi*fm*t)
Am=(Ec+Mod).*(sin(2*pi*fc*t))
FA=fft(Am,1024)
subplot(1,1,1)
plot(fftshift(abs(FA)))
axis([375 700 0 1000])
title('frequency Spectrum of AmplitudeModulated Wave')
Output Waveform
[Link] Spectrum of Amplitude Modulated Wave
t=0:0.0001:0.02
fc=1000
Ec=7
Carr=Ec*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
fm=100
Em=3
Mod=Em*sin(2*pi*fm*t)
DSBSC=Carr.*Mod
FA=fft(DSBSC,1024)
subplot(1,1,1)
plot(fftshift(abs(FA)))
axis([375 700 0 1000])
title('frequency Spectrum of DSBSC Wave')
Output Waveform
[Link] Spectrum of SSBSC
t=0:0.0001:0.04
msg=5*cos(2*pi*200*t)
carr=10*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
ht=imag(Hilbert(msg))
ssb1=(msg.*(carr/10))+(ht.*sin(2*pi*1000*t))
FT=fft(ssb1)
plot(abs(FT))
title(Frequency Spectrum of SSBSC wave)
Output Waveforms
[Link] Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis
f1=10;
for f=1:50
x(f)=(1/sqrt(1+(f1/f)^2));
f2(f)=f;
end
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(f2,x);
title('Pre-emphasis waveform')
for f=1:50
y(f)=(1/sqrt(1+(f/f1)^2));
f3(f)=f;
end
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(f3,y);
title('De-emphasis waveform')
Output Waveforms
[Link] Modulation
Am=1; Ac=2
fc=500; fm=200; fs=400
kf=30
dt=1/fs
T=20e-3
t=0:T/fs:T
mod=Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t)
FM=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t+(2*pi*kf*(cumsum(mod)*dt)))
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(t,mod)
axis([0 0.02 -5 5])
title('Message Signal')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t,FM)
axis([0 0.02 -5 5])
title('FM Signal')
Output Waveforms
[Link] of FM wave
Am=1;Ac=2;fc=500;fm=200;fs=400;kf=30
dt=1/fs
T=20e-3
t=0:T/fs:T
mod=Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t)
FM=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t+(2*pi*kf*(cumsum(mod)*dt)))
AM=diff(FM)
lengthC=400;
FM_Diode_out=AM
for time_indx=1:lengthC;
if(FM_Diode_out(time_indx)<0)
FM_Diode_out(time_indx)=0;
end
end
fs1=8000;
[den,num]=butter(1,2*pi*fm/fs1);
FM_Demod=filter(den,num,FM_Diode_out);
for n=1:100
FM_Demod=filter(den,num,FM_Demod)
end
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,mod);axis([0 0.01 -5 5])
title('Message Signal')
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,FM);axis([0 0.01 -5 5])
title('FM Signal')
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(FM_Demod);axis([200 400 0 0.4])
title('FM demodulated signal')
Output Waveforms
[Link] Spectrum of FM
Am=1
Ac=2
fc=500
fm=200
fs=400
kf=30
dt=1/fs
T=20e-3
t=0:T/fs:T
mod=Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t)
FM=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t+(2*pi*kf*(cumsum(mod)*dt)))
FFM=fft(FM)
plot(abs(FFM))
title('Frequency Spectrum')
Output Waveforms
[Link] of SQUELCH circuit
t=0:0.0001:0.02
fc=1000;Ec=7
Carr=Ec*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
fm=100;Em=5
Mod=Em*sin(2*pi*fm*t)
Am=(Ec+Mod).*(sin(2*pi*fc*t))
for t1=1:200
Am1(t1)=Am(t1)
end
for t1=201:400
Am1(t1)=0
end
for t1=401:600
Am1(t1)=Am(t1-400)
end
disp(' Amplitude Demodulation using diode detector')
lengthC=600;
AM_Diode_out=Am1
for time_indx=1:lengthC;
if(AM_Diode_out(time_indx)<0)
AM_Diode_out(time_indx)=0;
end
end
fs=8000;
[den,num]=butter(1,2*pi*fm/fs);
AM_Demod=filter(den,num,AM_Diode_out);
for n=1:10
AM_Demod=filter(den,num,AM_Demod)
end
subplot(2,1,1);plot(Am1)
title('Transmitted Signal')
subplot(2,1,2);plot(AM_Demod)
title('Squelch Circuit i.e after Quieting')
Output Waveforms