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Nonmetals: Poor Conductors of Electricity

The document discusses the composition and structure of matter. It describes how matter exists in different states including solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. It also discusses the major classes of elements - metals, non-metals, and metalloids. The key theories around atomic structure and composition are summarized, including Dalton's atomic theory, the law of conservation of mass and energy, and the law of definite proportions. Chemical and physical properties of matter are also briefly outlined.

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Rina Kawamura
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6 views7 pages

Nonmetals: Poor Conductors of Electricity

The document discusses the composition and structure of matter. It describes how matter exists in different states including solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. It also discusses the major classes of elements - metals, non-metals, and metalloids. The key theories around atomic structure and composition are summarized, including Dalton's atomic theory, the law of conservation of mass and energy, and the law of definite proportions. Chemical and physical properties of matter are also briefly outlined.

Uploaded by

Rina Kawamura
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Matter

is found

consists of

in the
is a mixture of

Atmosphere

Chemicals

has layers
consists of
can be
Mesosphere

Troposphere

Stratosphere

contains
contains

contains

produces

Atoms

Molecules

Elements

Compounds

Pollutants

Air

represented by

Weather
require

can have

represented by

Ozone
Symbols

Layer

Formulas

consists of

78% Nitrogen

Risk

Health

Assessment

Effects
e.g..

21% Oxygen
1% Argon
= traces gases

Carbon Monoxide
Sulfur Dioxide

Nitrogen Oxides

occur in
can be
the
transformed
through

used to write

Chemicals

Chemicals

Reactions

Equations
have the formulas

e.g..

CO
SO2
NOx

Major Classes of Elements


1.

2.

3.

Metal they have luster, malleable and ductile.


Good conductor of heat and electricity.
Ex: Sodium, Iron, Silver, Cobalt
Non Metal they do not shine, non malleable
and non ductile. Poor conductor of heat and
electricity.
Ex: Chlorine, Oxygen,
Carbon, Sulfur
Metalloid have some properties like metals
and other properties like those of non metals.
Ex: Arsenic, Germanium, Silicon

States of Matter

Solid a state of matter in which the substance maintains


its shape and volume.
Liquid a state of matter in which the substance assumes
the shape of its container, flows readily and maintains a
fairly constant volume.
Gas a state of matter in which the substance maintains
neither the shape nor volume.

Plasma a state of matter similar to a gas but composed of


isolated electrons and nuclei rather than discrete whole
atoms or molecules.

Properties of matter

Physical properties - a description of the


qualities of a substance that can be
demonstrated without changing the composition
on the substance.
Chemical properties a description of the way in
which a substance reacts with other substances
to change its composition.

Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter

All elements are composed of


tiny, indivisible particles called
atoms.
The atoms of different elements
combine to produce formula
units that make up compounds.
Atoms of different elements are
different
Atoms of the same element
have the same size, mass and
form.

Law of Conservation of Mass and


Energy
Matter and energy can be
neither
created
nor
destroyed, but they can
change from one form to
another, and the sum of all
the matter and energy in the
universe always remains the
same.

Law of Definite Proportion

It states that every


compound is composed
of elements in a certain
fixed proportion.

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