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Method of Differences Tutorial

The document provides 10 problems involving the method of differences. Each problem involves expressing a function as a partial fraction, then using the method of differences to prove an identity for the sum of the function over n terms. The problems cover techniques like expressing functions as partial fractions, finding constants, evaluating definite sums, and simplifying expressions.

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leeshanghao
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5 views4 pages

Method of Differences Tutorial

The document provides 10 problems involving the method of differences. Each problem involves expressing a function as a partial fraction, then using the method of differences to prove an identity for the sum of the function over n terms. The problems cover techniques like expressing functions as partial fractions, finding constants, evaluating definite sums, and simplifying expressions.

Uploaded by

leeshanghao
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Method of Differences

1. (a) Express
) 3 )( 1 (
2
+ + r r
in partial fractions.
(2)
(b) Hence prove that

=
+ +
+

+ +
n
r
n n
n n
r r
1
) 3 )( 2 ( 6
) 13 5 (
) 3 )( 1 (
2
.
(5)
(Total 7 marks)

2. (a) Show that (r + 1)
3
(r 1)
3
Ar
2
+ B where A an! B are constants to be fo"n!.
(2)
(b) #rove b$ the %etho! of !ifferences that

=
n
r
r
1
2
&
6
1
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n ' 1.
(6)
(Total 8 marks)

3. (a) Express as a si%plifie! sin(le fraction
2 2
1
) 1 (
1
r r

.
(2)
(b) Hence prove b$ the %etho! of !ifferences that

=
=

n
r
n r r
r
2
2 2 2
1
1
) 1 (
1 2
.
(3)
(Total 5 marks)

4. (a) )$ expressin(
1 *
2
2
r
in partial fractions or otherwise prove that

=

n
r
r
1
2
1 *
2
& 1
1 2
1
+ n
.
(3)

(b) Hence fin! the exact val"e of

=

2+
11
2
1 *
1
r
r
.
(2)
Congleton limsiewthiang 1
(Total 5 marks)

5. (a) Express
) 3 )( 1 (
2
+ + r r
in partial fractions.
(2)

(b) Hence prove b$ the %etho! of !ifferences that
) 3 )( 2 ( 6
) (
) 3 )( 1 (
2
1
+ +
+
=
+ +

=
n n
b an n
r r
n
r

where a an! b are constants to be fo"n!.


(6)

(c) ,in! the val"e of

=
+ +
3+
21
) 3 )( 1 (
2
r
r r
to 5 !eci%al places.
(3)
(Total 11 marks)

6. (a) Show that
(r + 1)
3
(r 1)
3
& 6r
2
+ 2.
(2)

(b) Hence show that
( )( )

=
+ + =
n
r
n n n r
1
2
1 2 1
6
1
.
(5)
(c) Show that
( )( )

=
+ + =
n
n r
b an n n r
2
2
1
6
1
where a an! b are constants to be fo"n!.
(4)
(Total 11 marks)
Congleton limsiewthiang 2
7. -iven that for all real val"es of r
(2r + 1)
3
(2r 1)
3
& Ar
2
+ B
where A an! B are constants
(a) fin! the val"e of A an! the val"e of B.
(2)

(b) Hence or otherwise prove that
) 1 2 )( 1 (
6
1
1
2
+ + =

=
n n n r
n
r
.
(5)

(c) .alc"late

*+
1
2
) 1 3 (
r
r
.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
8. (a) Show that

1
1 1
1
) 1 (
1
3
+
+
+
+
r r
r
r r
r r
for r + 1.
(3)
(b) ,in!

=
+
+
n
r
r r
r r
1
3
) 1 (
1
expressin( $o"r answer as a sin(le fraction in its si%plest for%.
(6)
(Total marks)

. (a) Express
) 2 (
1
+ r r
in partial fractions.
(2)
(b) Hence prove b$ the %etho! of !ifferences that

=
+
n
r
r r
1
) 2 (
*
&
) 2 )( 1 (
) 5 3 (
+ +
+
n n
n n
.
(5)
Congleton limsiewthiang 3
(c) ,in! the val"e of

=
+
1++
5+
) 2 (
*
r
r r
to * !eci%al places.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
Congleton limsiewthiang 4

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