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Structural Design Process and Criteria

The document outlines the key steps and concepts in structural design including: 1) The process involves idealizing the structure, estimating loads, analyzing to determine forces and moments, designing elements, and producing drawings. 2) Structures should satisfy criteria like fitness for purpose, safety and reliability, economy, and maintainability over their design life. 3) Characteristic actions refer to loads and include self-weight, finishes, and variable loads from people and equipment.

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Amir Zakwan
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5 views2 pages

Structural Design Process and Criteria

The document outlines the key steps and concepts in structural design including: 1) The process involves idealizing the structure, estimating loads, analyzing to determine forces and moments, designing elements, and producing drawings. 2) Structures should satisfy criteria like fitness for purpose, safety and reliability, economy, and maintainability over their design life. 3) Characteristic actions refer to loads and include self-weight, finishes, and variable loads from people and equipment.

Uploaded by

Amir Zakwan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1. List the steps involved in the process of structural design.

i. Idealization of structure into frames and elements


ii. Estimation of loads
iii. Analysis to determine the moments and forces
iv. Design of elements
v. Production of detail drawings and bar schedules

2. State FOUR (4) criteria which the structure should satisfy during its design life
i. Fitness for purpose
ii. Safety and reliability
iii. Economy
iv. Maintainability
3. Define characteristic actions.
i. Action is the EC2 terminology for loads and imposed deformations
ii. EC2 defines an action as a force or load applied to a structure.

Characteristic Permanent Action, Gk
- Is the self-weight of the structure, weight of finishes, ceilings and services.
- Examples of weight of materials.
Characteristic Variable Action, Qk
- Is cause by people, furniture, equipment etc.

4. Identify the various structural elements in the structural system of the building and briefly
explain how the loads are transferred to the ground.

i. Beams : horizontal members carrying lateral loads.
ii. Slabs : horizontal plate elements carrying lateral loads.
iii. Columns : vertical members carrying primarily axial loads but generally
subjected to axial load and moment.
iv. Walls : vertical plate elements resisting vertical , leteral or in-plane loads.
v. Foundation : pads or strips supported directly on the ground that spread loads
from the columns or walls to the ground.
vi. Stairs : plate elements consists of a flight of steps , usually with one or more
landings provided between the floor levels.
5. What it mean by limit state? Discuss the different limit states to be considered in reinforced
concrete design.

i. A limit state can be defined as the state of a structure which represents the
acceptable limit of an aspect of structural behaviour.
ii. The TWO principle types of limit state are the ultimate limit state and the
serviceability limit state.

Ultimate Limit State (ULS)
deals with the strength and stability of the structure under the maximum design
load it is expected to carry. This implies that no part or whole of the structure
should collapse, overturn or buckle under any combination of design load.

Serviceability Limit State (SLS)
deals with the conditions beyond which specified service requirements are no
longer met such as excessive deflection and cracking.

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