Problem I Fluid Flow in Food Processing
1. Pressure in spherical tank
Calculate the pressure in psia and kN/m
2
in a spherical
tank at the bottom of the tank flled with oil having a
diameter of 8.0 ft. The top of the tank is vented to the
atmosphere having a pressure of !."2 psia. The densit#
of the oil is 0.$22 g/cm
2
.
2. Pressure with two liquids, Hg and water
% open test tube at 2$& ' is flled at the bottom with
2. cm of (g and ).* cm of water is placed above the
(g. Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the test tube if
the atmosphere pressure is ")* mm (g. +se a densit# of
&.)) g/cm
&
for (g and 0.$$8 g/cm
&
of water. ,ive the
answer in terms of d#n/cm
&
- psia and kN/m
2
.
3. Head o a !uid o "et uel and pressure
The pressure at the top of a tank of .et fuel is 80.*
kN/m
2
. The depth of li/uid in the tank is *.! m. The
densit# of the fuel is 82) kg/m
&
. Calculate the head of the
li/uid in m which corresponds to the absolute pressure at
the bottom of the tank.
#. $e%nolds number o milk !ow
0hole milk at 2$& ' having a densit# of 0&0 kg/m
&
and
viscosit# of 2.2 c1 is 2owing at the rate of 0.*0) kg/s in
a glass pipe having a diameter of *&.) mm.
Calculate the 3e#nolds number. 4s this turbulent
2ow.
Calculate the 2ow rate needed in m
&
/s for a
3e#nolds number of 200 and the velocit# in m/s.
&. 'ass balance or !ow o sucrose solution
% 20 wt5 sucrose 6sugar7 solution having a densit# of
0"! kg/m
&
is 2owing through the piping s#stem as seen
in following picture. The 2ow rate entering pipe is
.8$2 m
&
/h. The 2ow divides e/uall# in each of pipe &.
Calculate the following8
The velocit# in m/s in pipe 2 and &.
The mass velocit# 69mass 2ow rate : area 9
kg/m
2
.s in pipe 2 and &7
1
2
3
#
2;in
pipe
&;in
pipe
< ;in
pipe
< ;in
pipe
(. 'echanical)*nerg% balance in pumping so%bean oil
=o#bean oil is being pumped through a uniform;diameter
pipe at a stead# mass;2ow rate. % pump supplies 20$.2
>/kg mass of 2uid 2owing. The entrance abs pressure in
the inlet pipe to the pump is 0&.! kN/m
2
. The e?it
section of the pipe downstream from the pump is &.&) m
above the entrance and the e?it pressure is "2.! kN/m
2
.
@?it and entrance pipes are the same diameter. The 2uid is
in turbulent 2ow. Calculate the friction loss in the s#stem.
The temperature is &0& '.
+. Pressure measurement rom !ows
0ater having a densit# of $$8 kg/m
&
is 2owing at the rate
of .*"* m/s in a &.0*8 in;diameter horiAontal pipe at a
pressure p
of *8.$ k1a abs. 4f then passes to a pipe
having an inside diameter of 2.0*" in
Calculate the new pressure p
2
in the 2.0*" in
pipe. %ssume no friction losses.
4f the piping is vertical and the 2ow is upward-
calculate the new pressure p
2
.
The pressure tap for p
2
is 0.!)" m above the tap for p
.
,. -raining cotton seed oil rom a tank
% c#lindrical tank .)2 m in diameter and ".*2 m high
contains cotton seed oil having a densit# of $" kg/m
&
.
The tank is open to the atmosphere. % discharge noAAle of
inside diameter ).8 mm and cross sectional area %2 is
located near the bottom of the tank. The surface of the
li/uid is located at ( 9 *. m above the center line of the
noAAle. The discharge noAAle is opened- draining the li/uid
level from ( 9 *. m to ( 9 !.)" m. Calculate the time
in seconds to do this.
.. Friction loss in turbine water power s%stem
0ater is stored in an elevated reservoir. To generate
power- water 2ows from this reservoir down through a
large conduit to a turbine and then through a similar;siAed
conduit. %t a point in the conduit $0 m above the turbine-
the pressure is &0 psia and at a level of & m below the
turbine- the pressure is 8 psia. The water 2ow rate is
&*00 tons/h. The output of the shaft of the turbine is
000 hp. The water densit# is $$8 kg/m
&
. 4f the eBcienc#
of the turbine in converting the mechanical energ# given
up b# the 2uid to the turbine shaft is $05 690.$07-
calculate the friction loss in the turbine in >/kg.
1/. Pipeline pumping o oil
% pipeline laid across countr# carries oil at the rate "$)
m
&
/d. The pressure of the oil is "$& k1a gage leaving
pumping station . The pressure is 8*2 k1a gage at the
inlet to the ne?t pumping station 2. The second station is
".! m higher than the frst section. Calculate the lost
work in >/kg mass oil.
Ph%sical properties o water
=ource 8 =ingh and (eldman 6$$&7
0team 1able 2saturated steam3
=ource 8 =ingh and (eldman 6$$&7
0team 1able 2superheated steam3
=ource 8 =ingh and (eldman 6$$&7
Ph%sical Properties o -r% 4ir