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Understanding Linux File Systems and Commands

Linux has a single root filesystem denoted by "/". The disk structure is transparent to users, allowing them to access multiple physical disks as a single disk. Partitions like "/var" can physically be a directory under "/", a separate disk partition mounted at that point, a complete hard disk mounted, or a logical partition across multiple disks mounted at that point on the network. Linux names IDE partitions like "/dev/hda1" with the first partition on the primary master as hda1. Swap partitions are not formatted with a regular filesystem and cannot be accessed by users, but are used as virtual memory. They are recommended to be twice the size of physical RAM.

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14 views13 pages

Understanding Linux File Systems and Commands

Linux has a single root filesystem denoted by "/". The disk structure is transparent to users, allowing them to access multiple physical disks as a single disk. Partitions like "/var" can physically be a directory under "/", a separate disk partition mounted at that point, a complete hard disk mounted, or a logical partition across multiple disks mounted at that point on the network. Linux names IDE partitions like "/dev/hda1" with the first partition on the primary master as hda1. Swap partitions are not formatted with a regular filesystem and cannot be accessed by users, but are used as virtual memory. They are recommended to be twice the size of physical RAM.

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api-26530736
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Linux has only one root file

system denoted by “/” (forward


Slash)
Underline Disk structure is
transparent for users which
mean even if you have five hard
disks, user can access as one
disk.
Ex: /var = is a directory under ?
Physically var can be
i) A directory Under / var

ii) A Disk Partition Is


Call
iii) A complete Hard disk Mount

iv) Logical Hard disk point

(combination Of Hard disk)


v) A disk /partition/directory
in another machine of your
network

* When nothing is mounted this


is on empty
How Linux name partition
Ex IDE Primary Master
/dev/hda1
/dev/hda2 Reserved for
Primary Partitions
/dev/hda3
/dev/hda4

/dev/hda64 Logical Partitions


Scenario : I have one primary and two
logical partitions in my windows system
How would I can access these partition is
Linux

hda5
D:
hda1 /home
/boot C:
hda6
E:
/

Linux Windows
What is a SWAP Partitions?
A Partition to be use
as Virtual Memory
In Linux we able to give a spend physical
Partitions. This Partition. This Partition is
not formatted in to regular Linux file system
and hence user cant access it.
There is no strict rule about the size of
SWAP Partition, but twice your RAM is
recommended
Lab1 How to use Linux Command
Linux command has may options or
Arguments which can be supplied at
command prompt t o get various task
done.

These options/Arguments sometime


get implicitly (as a default)
Ex:- useradd –d /home/debian –s
/bin/bash debian
Single letter options are supplied
with a arguments are separated by
one more space.
More than one letter options are
supplied with each option and
arguments are separated by at least
one space.
[Link] Argument
cd /usr
Command Argument
2. Implicit Argument
cd
pwd home } cd $HOME
env variable for
users home
When you type some command
alone if it has no default argument
option. It will provide basic syntax
help or prompt user to view help.
mv
update-re.d
Using options

ls –a
ls –a –l => ls –al

netstat –tnpl = netstat –t –n –l –p


More than one character
option
mv --help ≠ mv -h -e -l -p
Kernel Version
[Link] view the Kernel version
uname –r
2.6.12 -9 -386
Vendor
Minor Patch
Major Distributor
version version
version specific

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