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Learning Objectives: Small Sample Size

This document discusses testing hypotheses and constructing confidence intervals for the difference between two population means with small sample sizes from independent samples. It provides assumptions and formulas for calculating a pooled sample variance and the t-test statistic. An example is given comparing the miles-per-gallon performance of 24 M cars and 28 J cars, providing sample statistics. It poses testing the hypothesis that M cars have greater mpg than J cars and constructing a 90% confidence interval for the difference in the two population means.

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7 views7 pages

Learning Objectives: Small Sample Size

This document discusses testing hypotheses and constructing confidence intervals for the difference between two population means with small sample sizes from independent samples. It provides assumptions and formulas for calculating a pooled sample variance and the t-test statistic. An example is given comparing the miles-per-gallon performance of 24 M cars and 28 J cars, providing sample statistics. It poses testing the hypothesis that M cars have greater mpg than J cars and constructing a 90% confidence interval for the difference in the two population means.

Uploaded by

JinzhuZhai
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Learning Objectives

We can test hypothesis and construct confidence


interval for the difference of two population means when
there are two independent samples with small sample
size.
Textbook: Section 1.10
Assumptions
1. The two samples are independent.
2. The two samples are randomly selected from normally
distributed populations.
3. At least one of the two sample sizes is small: n < 30
4.
2 2
1 2
o o =
Pooled Sample Variance
If we assume , we calculate a pooled
estimate of that is common to both
populations.
The pooled estimate is denoted by .





2
o
2
p
s
2 2
2 1 1 2 2
1 2
( 1) ( 1)
( 1) ( 1)
p
n s n s
s
n n
+
=
+
2 2
1 2
o o =
Hypothesis Tests About
1

2
: Small sample
With assumption that:

Hypotheses
=
1 2 0
:
a
H D
=
0 1 2 0
: H D s
0 1 2 0
: H D
>
1 2 0
:
a
H D
>
0 1 2 0
: H D
<
1 2 0
:
a
H D
Left-tailed Right-tailed Two-tailed
Test Statistic
2 2
1 2
o o =
1 2 1 2
2 2
1 2
( ) ( )
p p
x x
t
s s
n n

=
+
, where df = n
1
+ n
2
2.

Example: Specific Motors
Difference Between Two Population Means:
o
1
and o
2
Unknown
Specific Motors of Detroit
has developed a new automobile
known as the M car. 24 M cars
and 28 J cars (from Japan) were road
tested to compare miles-per-gallon (mpg) performance.
The sample statistics are shown on the next slide.
Difference Between Two Population Means:
o
1
and o
2
Unknown
Example: Specific Motors
Sample Size
Sample Mean
Sample Std. Dev.
Sample #1
M Cars
Sample #2
J Cars
24 cars 28 cars
29.8 mpg 27.3 mpg
2.56 mpg 1.81 mpg
Example: Specific Motors
Hypothesis Tests About
1

2
:
o
1
and o
2
Unknown
Can we conclude, using a
.05 level of significance, that the
miles-per-gallon (mpg) performance
of M cars is greater than the miles-per-
gallon performance of J cars?
Difference Between Two Population Means:
o
1
and o
2
Unknown
Let us develop a 90% confidence
interval estimate of the difference
between the mpg performances of
the two models of automobile.
Example: Specific Motors

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