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Solutions for Problem Set #5 Explained

This document provides solutions to problems from a materials science textbook. It addresses questions about cement hydration, glass transition temperatures, thermal tempering of glasses, chemical tempering through ion exchange, and the relative ability of different polymer structures to crystallize. The solutions analyze factors like particle surface area, tacticity, side group bulkiness, linearity, crosslinking and block vs. graft copolymer architecture that influence crystallization.

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7 views14 pages

Solutions for Problem Set #5 Explained

This document provides solutions to problems from a materials science textbook. It addresses questions about cement hydration, glass transition temperatures, thermal tempering of glasses, chemical tempering through ion exchange, and the relative ability of different polymer structures to crystallize. The solutions analyze factors like particle surface area, tacticity, side group bulkiness, linearity, crosslinking and block vs. graft copolymer architecture that influence crystallization.

Uploaded by

mcjohn551
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Solutions for Problem Set #5 12.28, 12.39, 12. 40, 12. 42, 13. 12, 13. 10, 13.

20, 13. 21, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.11, 14.19, 14.21, 14.24, 14.27

13.10 It is important to grind cement into a fine powder in order to increase the surface area of the articles of cement. The hydration reactions between water and the cement occur at the surface of the cement particles. Therefore, increasing the available surface area allows for more extensive bonding. 13.12 The glass transition temperature is, for a noncrystalline ceramic, that temperature at which there is a change of slope for the specific volume versus temperature curve (Figure 13.5). The melting temperature is, for a crystalline material, that temperature at which there is a udden and discontinuous decrease in the specific volume versus temperature curve. 13.20 Thermal tempering of glasses is described in Section 13.8.

13.21 Chemical tempering will be accomplished by substitution, for Na + , another monovalent cation with a slightly larger diameter. From Table 12.3, both K + and Cs + fill this criterion, having ionic radii of 0.138 and 0.170 nm, respectively. In fact, soda-lime glasses are tempered using a K + -Na + ion exchange.

14.27 For each of four pairs of polymers, we are asked to 1) state whether it is possible to decide which is more likely to crystallize; 2) if so, which is more likely and why; and 3) it is not possible to decide then why. (a) No, it is not possible to decide for these two polymers. On the basis of tacticity, the isotactic PP is more likely to crystallize than the atactic PVC. On the other hand, with regard to side-group bulkiness, the PVC is more likely to crystallize. (b) Yes, it is possible to decide for these two copolymers. The linear and syndiotactic polypropylene is more likely to crystallize than crosslinked cisisoprene since linear polymers are more likely to crystallize than crosslinked ones. (c) Yes, it is possible to decide for these two polymers. The linear and isotactic polystyrene is more likely to crystallize than network phenol-formaldehyde; network polymers rarely crystallize, whereas isotactic ones crystallize relatively easily. (d) Yes, it is possible to decide for these two copolymers. The block poly(acrylonitrile-isoprene) copolymer is more likely to crystallize than the graft poly(chloroprene-isobutylene) copolymer. Block copolymers crystallize more easily than graft ones.

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