Chapter 3: Communities and Biomes 2.

An undersea volcano in the Hawaiian Islands chain erupts, forming a new island in the Pacific Ocean. Over thecourse of time, which of these would most likely be the first species to survive on the new island? a. lichens b. grasses c. birds d. mammals 3. Which of these is a characteristic of a grasslands biome? a. It has a short plant-growing season. b. Warm weather allows for year-round plant growing conditions. c. It contains an underground mat called sod. d. There are vast land areas with bare ground and no plants. 4. Based on the data in the graph, what is the typical temperature range for March?a. between 10 C and 24 C b. between -29 C and -19 C c. between -18 C and -4 C d. between 4 C and 16 C 5. Based on the data in the graph, at what time of day is the dissolved oxygen level in the ocean greater than thedissolved oxygen level in a tide pool?a. 11:00 P.M. b. 6:00 P.M. c. 2:00 P.M. d. 3:00 A.M. 6. What does the red line on the graph represent?a. a limiting factor b. secondary succession c. a climax community d. primary succession 7. Which of these is a characteristic of a tropical rain forest? a. relatively few trees per hectare b. populated with squirrels, bears, and deer c. short, mild summers d. location close to the Equator 8. This graph shows annual precipitation versus temperatures for various biomes. Based on the data in thegraph, which biome has annual precipitation between 275-325 cm?a. desert b. savanna c. temperate rain forest d. tundra 9. Which marine biome is characterized by deep water depths that never receive sunlight? a. a bog b. a lake c. an aphotic zone d. an estuary 10. Based on the data in the graph, about how much annual precipitation does a taiga usually receive?a. about 75-190 cm b. no less than 300 cm c. about 250-400 cm d. no more than 50 cm 11. Which of these statements is true? a. Tropical rain forests are communities that occur in climates that have a defined dry season with rainfalltotals less than 50 cm of rain per year.

b. The soils in tundras usually have a large humus content. c. Deciduous forests are populated with broad-leaved hardwood trees that lose their foliage every year. d. Grasslands are identified by their permanently frozen ground called permafrost. 12. An organism with the ability to withstand changes to biotic and abiotic environmental factors is said to have __________. a. limiting factors b. a pioneer community c. tolerance d. secondary succession 13. The portion of the shoreline that lies between the low tide line and the high tide line is called the __________. a. plankton b. intertidal zone c. wetlands d. aphotic zone 14. Which of these statements is NOT true? a. Secondary succession happens in areas where organisms had previously lived. b. Primary succession happens when communities of organisms populate otherwise barren land. c. Ecological change does not always equate with destruction. d. The process of succession resulting in a climax community always happens within one year. 15. Which of these biomes would you expect to find a coyote living in? a. tropical rain forest b. taiga c. tundra d. desert 1. The biome with warm temperatures and high rainfall is __________. [Link] temperate forest [Link] tropical rain forest c. the grasslands [Link] desert The biome with warm temperatures and high rainfall is the tropical rain forest. Deserts are warm but arid, and both grasslands and temperate forests have colder winter temperatures. 2. The biome that has the greatest number of conifers is __________. [Link] desert [Link] tropical rain forest c. the grasslands [Link] taiga The biome that has the greatest number of conifers is the taiga. Grasslands are dominated by grasses and small plants, and plant life is sparse in desert regions. 3. Which of the following is a terrestrial biome? a. desert [Link] reef c. pond [Link] A desert is a terrestrial biome. Coral reefs, oceans, and ponds are aquatic biomes. 4. Lichens, mosses and ferns are called __________. [Link] species [Link] factors

c. consumers [Link] species Lichens, mosses and ferns are called pioneer species. The colonization of new sites by communities of organisms is called primary succession. 5. A climax community for a deciduous forest may contain __________. a. many conifers [Link] ferns c. oak and maple trees [Link] A climax community for a deciduous forest may contain oak and maple trees. Conifers, such as fir and spruce trees, are climax plants of the taiga. 6. Communities in which fresh water and salt water mix are __________. [Link] [Link] c. estuaries [Link] deep Communities in which fresh water and salt water mix are estuaries. Changes in salinity enable a wide range of organisms to live in estuaries. 7. A primary abiotic limiting factor of a desert biome is __________. [Link] of plant life [Link] much sand c. altitude [Link] Recall that limiting factors are environmental factors that affect an organism`s ability to survive in its environment, such as food availability, predators, and temperature. A primary abiotic limiting factor of a desert biome is water. 8. Primary succession occurs on __________. [Link] exposed by glaciers [Link] grasslands c. abandoned fields [Link] areas in forests Primary succession occurs on land exposed by glaciers. Secondary succession occurs in areas that previously contained life, and on land that contains soil. 9. Succession is __________ of an ecosystem. a. the destruction [Link] climax c. the orderly changes [Link] creation Succession is the orderly changes of an ecosystem. 10. The major difference between the tundra and taiga biomes is that tundra has _________. [Link] trees b.a more southern range c. permafrost [Link] summers

The major difference between the tundra and taiga biomes is that tundra has permafrost, permanently frozen ground that lies under the topsoil. 11. In the early stages of succession one might expect _________. [Link] biodiversity [Link] food chains c. tropical rain forests [Link] food webs In the early stages of succession one might expect simple food chains. 12. Organisms inhabiting tropical rain forests might include __________. [Link] and tortoises [Link] and caribou c. small trees and ravens [Link] and toucans Tropical rain forests have warm temperatures, wet weather, and lush plant growth. Organisms inhabiting tropical rain forests might include monkeys and toucans. 13. After a forest fire, __________ occurs. a. community death [Link] succession c. a climax community [Link] succession Secondary succession refers to the sequence of changes that takes place after a community is disrupted by natural disasters, such as forest fires, or human actions. 14. The optimum range of most organisms inhabiting marine biomes is __________. a. the aphotic zone [Link] range of intolerance c. ideal for the species [Link] photic zone The optimum range of most organisms inhabiting marine biomes is the photic zone. 15. The conditions that dictate where an organism may live are called a. stress zones [Link] optimal range c. biological factors [Link] factors The conditions that dictate where an organism may live are called limiting factors.