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Causes and Treatment of ITP

This document discusses thrombocytopenia, or low platelet count, which can be caused by low platelet production in the bone marrow due to conditions like aplastic anemia or cancer, or increased platelet breakdown in the bloodstream due to immune-mediated causes like immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). ITP is defined as an immune-mediated destruction of platelets that is more common in children after a viral infection and in adults is often chronic. Symptoms include bruising, bleeding, and heavy menstruation, while tests show low platelet count but normal bone marrow and clotting tests. Treatment depends on if ITP is acute or chronic, and may include observation, steroids, IVIG, or

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55 views8 pages

Causes and Treatment of ITP

This document discusses thrombocytopenia, or low platelet count, which can be caused by low platelet production in the bone marrow due to conditions like aplastic anemia or cancer, or increased platelet breakdown in the bloodstream due to immune-mediated causes like immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). ITP is defined as an immune-mediated destruction of platelets that is more common in children after a viral infection and in adults is often chronic. Symptoms include bruising, bleeding, and heavy menstruation, while tests show low platelet count but normal bone marrow and clotting tests. Treatment depends on if ITP is acute or chronic, and may include observation, steroids, IVIG, or

Uploaded by

Um HamoOd
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Thrombocytopenia

Causes

Low production of platelets in the bone marrow


Aplastic anemia Cancer in the bone marrow Infections in the bone marrow (rare Drugs (very rare

Increased breakdown of platelets in the bloodstream


Immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia Drug-induced nonimmune thrombocytopenia Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) Hypersplenism

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Definition

ITP

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

more common in children than adults In children, the disease sometimes follows a viral infection In adults, it is more often a chronic (long-term) disease

Symptoms
Bruising Nosebleed or bleeding in the mouth Bleeding into the skin Abnormally heavy menstruation

Signs and tests


CBC shows low platelet count
biopsy or Bone marrow aspiration appear normal PTT Is normal PT is normal Platelet associated antibodies may be detected

Differential diagnosis

Prognosis
[Link];
*83% have a spontaneous remission & 89% eventually recover * > 50% of patients recover within 4-8 wks

* Approximately 2% of patients die

2. Adult;
* 2% have a spontaneous recovery & approximately

64% eventually recover


* Approx 30% have a chronic disease & 5% die from hemorrhage

Treatment
[Link] ITP
* Observation: if platelets >30,000

*Treatment:
a. Prednisolone 12 mg/kg /day
b. I.V methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg /dose x 3 days

c. I.V Immunoglobulin
1 g /kg /day x 2

2. Chronic ITP
* Observation * Splenectomy
65% --85% of patients remit

3. Refractory ITP
Vina alkaloids ,danazol ,azothioprine, Cyclophosamide , anti D , rutiximab

Complication of ITP
1. Intracranial hemorrhage 2. Severe blood loss 3. Pneumococcal infection

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