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Taylor and Maclaurin Series Explained

The document discusses Taylor and Maclaurin series. It states Taylor's theorem which expresses a function f(x) as a polynomial with an error term involving derivatives of f. It also discusses Maclaurin series which is the Taylor series about x=0. An example is given of computing the Maclaurin series for sin(x). Recommended problems are listed involving computing Maclaurin series for common functions and using them to derive the important result eix = cos(x) + i*sin(x).

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Syaeful Ismar
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9 views2 pages

Taylor and Maclaurin Series Explained

The document discusses Taylor and Maclaurin series. It states Taylor's theorem which expresses a function f(x) as a polynomial with an error term involving derivatives of f. It also discusses Maclaurin series which is the Taylor series about x=0. An example is given of computing the Maclaurin series for sin(x). Recommended problems are listed involving computing Maclaurin series for common functions and using them to derive the important result eix = cos(x) + i*sin(x).

Uploaded by

Syaeful Ismar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Sections 8.

7: Taylor and Maclaurin Series


Theorem: Taylors Theorem. If f is dierentiable through order n + 1 in an open interval I containing a, then for each x I , there exists a number c between x and a such that
N

f (x ) =
n=0

f (N +1) (c) f (n) (a) (x a)n + Rn (x), where Rn (x) = (x a)N +1 . n! (N + 1)!

If the remainder term is small then the Taylor polynomial, N f (n) (a) P N (x ) = (x a)n , is a good approximation for the function f (x), n ! n=0 and if f is innitely dierentiable and Rn (x) 0 as N we have

f (x ) =
n=0

f (n) (a) (x a ) n , n!

which is called the Taylor Series.

If we let a = 0 then the Taylor Series f (x) =


n=0

f (n) (0) n x , is called a n!

Maclauren Series Example Compute the Maclauren Series for f (x) = sin x. Solution f (0) = sin(0) = 0, f (0) = cos 0 = 1, f (0) = sin 0 = 0, f (0) = cos(0) = 1, f iv (0) = sin 0 = 0, thus

sin x =
n=0

(1)n 2n+1 x , (2n + 1)!

and the interval of convergence is all Real Numbers. 1

Recommended Problems pp 681-3, # 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 15, 18, 21, 24-26, 30, 35, 39, 43, 45, 48, 49, 55. Here is a set of exercises that lead to an interesting result. 1. Compute the Maclauren series for sin x. 2. Compute the Maclauren series for cos x. 3. Compute the Maclauren series for ex . 4. Substitute ix for x in the Maclauren series for ex , where i = 1.

5. Compute the Maclauren series for i sin x by multiplying the Maclauren series for sin x by i. 6. Add the Maclauren series for cos x and i sin x and observe that eix = cos x + i sin x. 7. Use the fact that eix = cos x + i sin x to compute ei + 1.

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