[Early civilizations of India and Pakistan]
3.1 October 15, 2012
To do:
Create-a-test day.
Read Section 1 Create a list of 9 Questions. True/false (3), multiple choice (3), short answer (3) This should be an overview of the ENTIRE section. Individual Work please. Due Tomorrow.
Question #1
---The natural landscape and geography of South Asia had little impact on the civilizations way of life(T/F)
Mountains (Himilayas) limited contact with others
There were passes (i.e. Khyber)
Geography divided area into regions Gangetic Plain Deccan Coastal plains
Question #2
--- Monsoons were an important part of Indus Culture because they brought:
a. Cold winters, rainy summers b. Moist winters, dry summers c. Natural disasters that brought people together d. Dry winters, wet summers
Monsoons seasonal winds that shaped Indian life Depending on direction, crops would face both dry season and moist season If they dont come on time = starvation If they come too often = mass flooding
Question #3
---the cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were wellplanned and had organized governments (T/F)
Cities had unknown hilltop structures
Laid out in patterns, with main streets/rectangle blocks
Had complex plumbing systems (drains, baths, etc.)
Question #4
--- Statues and clay seals found indicate that the Indus religious beliefs were
A. B. C. D. Pantheistic Polytheistic Animistic Monotheistic
Like other early civilizations, they were polytheistic Possibly: a Mother Goddess (creation) and leading male God. Viewed animals as sacred. Foreshadowing veneration?
Question #5
---By about 1900 BC, the Indus civilization was no longer. Explain what happened.
2600 BC 1900 BC Quality of life dwindled, cities abandoned Possible reasons: 1. Attack from outside 2. Environmental factors 3. Major Flood/Quake
The Aryans
2000bc 1500bc Migration from C. Asia to India Built NO CITIES, left behind little, except
The VEDAS (sacred texts, hymns, chants)
Way of Life
Lead by rajahs (most skilled warrior) Divided society
Brahmins | priests Kshatriyas | warriors Vaisyas | artisans, merchants Sudras | servants Dalits | work others wouldnt do
Religious Beliefs
Polytheistic Indra, chief God.
[Evolved overtime]
Braham, single God Mysticism, contact with divine Both shaped future Indian religion
HINDUISM
God is one, but wise people know it by many names
The basics.
No Founder, No Sacred Text Complex, many gods, forms of worship Universal Beliefs:
1) Everything is part of force of Braham
2) Gods give concrete form to
Teaching recorded in VEDAS
BRAHMA | the creator
VISHNU | the preserver
SHIVA | the destroyer
| Goal of a Hindu Life |
All have a ATMAN, true self Goal is MOKSHA, or union with Braham HOW? = free yourself from selfish desires REINCARNATION (several attempts)
| Key Teachings |
KARMA, good and bad DHARMA, moral duties AHIMSA, nonviolence Caste systems, high and low dictated Hindu life
BUDDHISM
Siddhartha Guatama the Enlightened One
| The Basics |
NO GOD. Pain, sorrow and the cure After becoming enlightened Buddha taught others what he had learned:
FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
1 | All Life is full of suffering,
pain, and sorrow.
2 | The cause of suffering is non-virtue
3 | the key is to overcome non-virtue
4 | overcoming non-virtue requires following the
ULTIMATE GOAL = enlightenment, NIRVANA (release from this earth (cycle of re-birth)
Indian Empires (3.3)
Maurya
Deccan Plateau
Gupta
Maurya Empire
{321- 185 BC}
Chandragupta Maurya = founder
Well organized bureaucracy Ruled effectively, but harsh Dissent was not allowed
Asoka Takes Reigns
Expands empire, then denounces violence (convert?) Encouraged spread of Buddhism Unifies empires
Deccan Kingdoms
Diverse population Dravidians/Tamil Kingdoms Hinduism/Buddhism become popular Trade was important
Guptas
320-540 AD REMEMBER THIS:
GOLDEN AGE
[Def: a period of great cultural achievement]
GOLDEN AGE
[Def: a period of great cultural achievement]
Schools! Religion and many other topics taught Developed decimal system of numbers (~10) Vaccinations! >>>> White Huns ruin the partyUnity no longer.
quiz
1. This mountain range limited movement northward out of India. 2. India is divided into three geographic regions. Name them. 3. Define monsoon. 4. Give me one reason why historians think that the Indus civilization died out.
5.
This sacred text told us a lot about the Aryans and about Hindu beliefs. 6. What is the goal of a Hindu life? How do you achieve this? 7. Define Karma. 8. Who was the first Buddha? 9. Buddha became enlightened with Four Noble Truths. Name two. 10. What two mortgage companies are at the center of the financial crisis? 11. How many states in the continental US?
Chinese Civilization
10/20/2008 Mr. Rathjen
[Beginnings]
*History begins @ Huang River Valley -Yellow River Civilization
*Loess fine, windblown yellow soil
*River Of Sorrows??? -Discover silk, calligraphy, 1st books
[Shang Dynasty]
*1766-1122 BC *Clans, headed by princes and nobles held most control *Social classes developed -top = royal family, warriors -bottom = peasants (*most people)
[Zhou (joh) Dynasty]
*1122 256 BC *Mandate from Heaven (divine right to rule) *Zhou rewarded supporters with land -feudalism? *Downfall is _____________________??
Confucianism
1. Founded by Confucius 2. Focus on worldly goals of social order/good govt 3. Stresses accepting ones place in society 4. Govt should set a good example
Daoism
Confucianism
1. Founded by Confucius 2. Focus on worldly goals of social order/good govt 3. Stresses accepting ones place in society 4. Govt should set a good example
Daoism
1. Founded by Laozi 2. Focus on harmony with nature 3. Stresses virtue of yielding 4. Govt is unnatural & should govern as little as possible.
Chinese Unification 3.5
Cracking his long whip, he drove the universe before him, swallowing up the eastern and western Zhou and overthrowing the feudal lords
Shi Huangdi, First Emperor, rules Qin Dynasty in 221 BC (*last only until 206 BC) Start of classical age, or framework for later cultures
Legalism
Huangdi rules with Legalism
Harsh rules/punishments Authoritarian rule Disbands feudalism
Builds GREAT WALL to protect state Qin falls to revolts over policies (remember dynastic cycle?)
HAN Dynasty
(202 BC 220 AD) WUDI, most famous emperor:
1. Confucian ideas 2. Strengthened economy (MONOPOLY) 3. Expansionism 4. Opens trade routes/Silk Road (4,000 miles) 5. Civil service system (merit driven appt)
HAN Dynasty
Warlords overthrow HAN Achievements:
1. Academics/Astronomy 2. Acupuncture 3. Paper making Also, Buddhism eventually reached China (more personalized/emphasized suffering)