IELTS Academic/General

Writing Task 2
Гайд по подготовке
Оглавление
Формат IELTS Writing Task 2 3
Критерия оценивания Writing Task 2 5
Типичные вопросы IELTS Эссе 7
Метод: как планировать эссе 10
Примеры эссе и структура 14
1. Agree or Disagree 14
2. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion 18
3. Advantages/disadvantages 22
4. Two Questions Essay 27
5. Problems-Solutions Essay 30
6. Reasons and Solutions Essay 33
7. Positive or Negative Development 35
Золотые правила 38
Какие примеры писать? 39
Как писать вступление? 44
Как писать параграфы основной части? 48
Как начинать параграфы на 8-9? 52
Как писать заключение? 55
Слова-связки для IELTS Эссе на 7-9 58
Топ 10 Грамматических конструкций на 7-9 62
Главная грамматическая конструкция 65
В каком стиле писать? 67
Как правильно перефразировать? 69
Какие слова писать на высокий балл? 75
Лайфхаки по IELTS эссе 78
Разборы IELTS Эссе с комментариями 80
Примеры ответов с комментариями по 4 критериям и общим баллом за ответ 84
Формат IELTS Writing Task 2
Вот пример задания IELTS эссе, как оно выглядит на экзамене:

WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:

Some people believe that nowadays we have too many choices.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.

Как понять задание?

У вас 40 минут и написать нужно МИНИМУМ 250 слов. Можно больше –
260-270, 300+ тоже можно, если сможете столько написать за 40 минут. На
высокий балл 270-280 достаточно.

Важен ещё один момент задания, вот эта инструкция:

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Тут вас просят написать ПРИЧИНЫ, т.е. почему вы так думаете,
объяснить ваши идеи и дать ПРИМЕРЫ, т.е. подкрепить идеи в эссе
примерами из жизни.

Give reasons for your answer

Это значит, что вы пишите идею и потом пишите почему.

relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience

Это значит, что вам нужно подкрепить свой аргумент примерами – тем, что
вы видели в жизни. Примеры в IELTS эссе – это факты из жизни; то, с чем
вы сталкивались и что знаете. Как нужно писать примеры на высокий балл
обсудим ниже.
Прочитайте пример параграфа основной части и найдите reasons for your
answer и relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Тема эссе:
Being a celebrity brings problems as well benefits. Are there more benefits
or drawbacks of being famous?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
On the one hand, famous people have no privacy and once a person enters show
business, they need to accept that their life is no longer theirs. Fans and paparazzi
follow celebrities everywhere for photos and autographs, so a famous person is
always in the spotlight wherever they go. If Leonardo DiCaprio decides to sit in
the park with a book, the entire world will know and the pictures of him will be
all over the Internet.
Прочувствуйте формат ответа, объяснения и примеры. Это то, что от вас
хочет задание.
On the one hand, famous people have no privacy and once a person enters show
business, they need to accept that their life is no longer theirs (идея – 1
недостаток славы). ПОЧЕМУ? Fans and paparazzi follow celebrities
everywhere for photos and autographs, so a famous person is always in the
spotlight wherever they go (объяснение). If Leonardo DiCaprio decides to sit in
the park with a book, the entire world will know and the pictures of him will be
all over the Internet (пример из реальной жизни, с которым сложно
поспорить).
Критерия оценивания Writing Task 2
Письменная часть оценивается по 4 критериям и выставляется общий балл
за письменную часть от 1 до 9. Можно также получить, например, 7.5.

Критерии следующие:
TASK RESPONSE – как вы ответили на задание и вопрос эссе: написали
ли 250 слов, по теме или нет, полно ли ответили на вопрос, объяснили ли
свои идеи и написали ли примеры; ясна ли ваша позиция?
Также сюда входит: идеи убедительны или слабые? Похожи на реальную
жизнь или нет? Есть ли идеи без объяснений? Все ли аргументы понятны
экзаменатору? Или там такое, что без бутылки не разберёшься?
COHERENCE/COHESION – это связывание идей и логика изложения. Тут
оценивается насколько логично вы соединяете идеи в одно целое. Легко ли
читать ваш текст? Есть ли параграфы и есть ли в каждом параграфе
основная идея?
Также сюда входит умение связывать идеи, предложения, чтобы одно
плавно переходило в другое. Использование слов связок и других методов
связывания идей тоже в этом критерии.
LEXICAL RESOURCE – разнообразие словарного запаса, умение
перефразировать, использовать словосочетания правильно и в нужном
контексте. Тут же правильность использования фраз и выражений.
GRAMMATICAL RANGE/ACCURACY – это про грамматику и
правильность написанного. Насколько разнообразны и правильны
грамматические конструкции. И пунктуация.
Для каждого балла есть описания требований по каждому из критериев
выше. Например, чтобы получить 6.0 одни требования, чтобы 7.0 другие.
Есть официальный документ с описаниями критериев - Band Descriptors.
Они обновились в 2023г. Их можно найти в открытом доступе, и выглядят
они так:
Типичные вопросы IELTS Эссе
Есть разные вопросы в эссе. Ниже, типичные вопросы, которые могут
выпасть на экзамене. Вам нужно знать структуру эссе для каждого
вопроса.
1) Agree/Disagree
To what extent do you agree with this statement?
ИЛИ
How far do you agree or disagree?
After leaving school or university, young people should choose a job or career
that they love, rather than one that pays the best salary.
To what extent do you agree with this statement?

2) Discuss both these views and give your own opinion

Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding
change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

3) Do the advantages of this outweigh (перевешивают) the

disadvantages?
ИЛИ
What are the advantages and disadvantages …?
Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign
language at primary school rather than secondary school.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

4) Two Questions Essay (могут быть 2 любых вопроса).

Car ownership has increased so rapidly over the past thirty years that in many
cities around the world there are constant traffic jams. How true do you think
this statement is? What measures can governments take to discourage people
from owning cars?

Online currencies have become more common in recent years. Why is this? Is
this a positive or negative development?
Despite better access to education, many adults today still cannot read or write.
In what ways are they disadvantaged? What can governments do to help them?
 Часто в IELTS General

5) Problems-Solutions Essay
What are the problems and what solutions can you suggest for solving these
problems?
In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems
will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could
be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.
People who live in big cities face a range of problems in their daily life. What
are the main problems people in cities have, and how can these problems be
solved?
6) Reasons-Solutions Essay
What are the reasons for this, and how can the problem be tackled/solved?
Many offenders commit more crimes after serving the first punishment. Why is
this happening, and what measures can be taken to solve the problem?

7) Positive or Negative Development

Some universities now offer their courses on the Internet so that people can
study online. Is this a positive or negative development?

8) 1 Question
Может быть 1 уникальный вопрос.
Или такой: What’s your opinion about this?

Итак, типичные вопросы IELTS эссе:

1. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
3. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of …?
4. Is this a positive or negative development?
5. Reasons + Solutions
6. Problems + Solutions
7. 2 questions
8. 1 question (a direct question). Встречается очень редко.
Метод: как планировать эссе
Давайте представим, что на экзамене вы сделали 1-е задание и открываете
эссе. Что делать?
1. Читаю и перефразирую (1-2 минуты)
Прочитайте тему/вопрос и перефразируйте, переведите на русский если
нужно. КАЖДОЕ слово в задании важно!
2. Нужно понять тему (2 минуты)
Если вы на этом этапе поймете задание НЕВЕРНО, эссе будет НЕ по теме,
и вы получите 5-6 баллов из 9 за первые два критерия.
Задания часто с подвохом. Например,
Some people believe that nowadays we have too many choices. To what extent do
you agree or disagree with this statement?
Тут не просто много, а too many choices. Это значит an overwhelming number
of choices = слишком много. Как too much coffee – слишком много.
Задание в настоящем времени (nowadays) и пишем мы про настоящее.
Задание эссе может быть и про будущее.
Чтобы понять задание, задайте себе вопросы:

✔ Есть ли подвох? Какой?

✔ Сколько частей в задании?
✔ Сколько вопросов?
✔ В задании спрашивается о моей точки зрения или нет?

Сколько частей в задании?

Например,
Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious
social problems, as well as practical problems.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Тут 2 части: social problems И practical problems. Поэтому эссе должно
включать 2 разных виды проблем: проблемы с обществом (нет друзей) и
проблемы с оплатой счетов дома, например.
Тут 1 часть:
Some people believe that nowadays we have too many choices. To what extent do
you agree or disagree with this statement?
Эссе может НЕ спрашивать о вашей позиции. Например:

Тут вы пишите про 2 advantages и 2 disadvantages. БЕЗ вашего мнения.

А тут нужна ваша позиция:

В этих заданиях ваше мнение НЕ спрашивают:

Мы принимаем предложение как факт и пишем проблемы/причины +
решения.
Итак,

1. Читаю и перефразирую (1-2 минуты)

2. Нужно понять тему (2 минуты)
3. Если эссе спрашивает мою точку зрения, какая она?

ДО того, как писать, вам нужно решить какая ваша позиция. Вернее, вам
будет ЛЕГЧЕ написать, если вы согласны с утверждением или нет, ЛЕГЧЕ
написать про advantages или disadvantages?
ПОЖАЛУЙСТА, НЕ ПЫТАЙТЕСЬ УЧИТЬ ЭКЗАМЕНАТОРА И ПИСАТЬ
ВСЮ ПРАВДУ ПРО ЖИЗНЬ.
Вам нужно выбрать что будет ПРОЩЕ лично для вас.
Как решить про вашу позицию?
Нужно набросать идеи на буклете с заданием и посмотреть какие сильнее.
Если у вас сильнее и убедительнее идеи про “я согласен(-на)”, выбираете
эту позицию. Где сила – там ваша позиция, понимаете?

ВАЖНО!

✔ Решайте какая у вас позиция ДО начала творчества.

✔ Идеи вашей позиции должны быть убедительны.
✔ После вступления, в первом параграфе основной части можно
сначала написать то, с чем вы НЕ согласны т.е НЕ вашу позицию.
 Потом пишите вашу позицию – последние параграфы. Можно
начинать НЕ с вашей позиции, а заканчивать эссе с вашей.
✔ Самую сильную идею пишите в самом конце. Так экзаменатор
закончит читать и лучше запомнит вашу самую убедительную идею
– это делает вашу позицию сильнее.

Ещё раз наш план действий:

1 Читаю и перефразирую (1-2 минуты)

2 Нужно понять тему (2 минуты)
3 Если эссе спрашивает мою точку зрения, какая она?
4 Как я буду структурировать эссе: сколько параграфов в основной
части и какие идеи туда писать?
5 Пишу СРАЗУ НА ЧИСТОВИК!
6 Быстро проверяю: ошибки, артикли, s, запятые

Главное: понять задание, понять свою позицию, если задание о ней

спрашивает, решить по структуре и только потом начинать писать
Примеры эссе и структура
У любого IELTS эссе есть:
Вступление (минимум 2 предложения)
Основные Параграфы(обычно их 2 или 3)
Заключение (лучше 2 предложения)
Ниже разные варианты структуры для типичных вопросов IELTS эссе.

1. Agree or Disagree
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Some people believe that nowadays we have too many choices.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Если у вас такой вопрос, легче всего согласиться или нет. Т.е выбирайте 1
позицию, даже если это неправда для вас.
Есть разные варианты структуры. Выбирайте тот, который подходит под
ваши идеи:
Структура 1
ЕСЛИ ВЫ СОГЛАСНЫ - СИЛЬНАЯ ПОЗИЦИЯ
1§ Introduction
Paraphrase the Task + My Opinion: I agree that … (2 предложения)
2§ The 1st reason why I agree + Explanation + Example OR result
3§ The 2nd reason why I agree + Explanation + Example OR result
4§ The 3rd reason why I agree + Explanation + Example (можно НЕ писать)
5§ Conclusion
Sum up the reasons + My Opinion: I agree ... (2 предложения)
Тут может быть 2 или 3 параграфа в основной части.

То же самое, если вы НЕ согласны: меняйте точку зрения на I disagree that

... и пишите 2 или 3 причины почему.

Структура 2
СТРУКТУРА ЕСЛИ ВЫ СОГЛАСНЫ - БАЛАНС
1§ Introduction
Paraphrase the Task + My Opinion: I agree with the statement. (2
предложения)
2§ On the one hand, + why do people disagree? + Explanation/Example
3§ However, I agree that … for … main reasons. + The 1st reason why I agree +
Explanation + Example. In addition, + the 2nd reason why I agree +
Explanation + Result
4§ Conclusion
Sum up the reasons from 2§ and 3§ + My Opinion: I agree that … (2
предложения)

Если вы выбрали эту структуру,

✔ Начинайте с другой точки зрения (2-й параграф). Это трюк, чтобы
экзаменатор забыл идею в начале и остался с вашей позицией в конце.
Так мы делаем нашу позицию сильнее.
✔ 2 идеи в 3-м параграфе: 2 причины почему вы согласны в 1 параграфе.
✔ Эта структура лучше 1-й, т. к. здесь есть другая точка зрения. Тут вы
точно напишите 250 слов и порадуете экзаменатора разными
позициями.
 Структура 3
СОГЛАСНЫ И НЕ СОГЛАСНЫ ОДНОВРЕМЕННО
НЕ рекомендую так писать, т. к. легче или согласиться, или нет

1§ Introduction:
Paraphrase the Task + My Balanced Opinion: I accept that …, but I disagree
that …
2§ What I agree with + Why I agree + Explanation + Example
3§ What I disagree with + Why I disagree + Explanation + Example/Result
4§ Conclusion:
Sum up the reasons + My Balanced Opinion: While I agree that … , I do not
think that …

ВАЖНО!
Ваша точка зрения (согласны или нет) должна быть четко ясна в первом и
последнем параграфе. Экзаменатор должен легко понять: согласны вы или
нет. Лучше писать прямо: I disagree that … Да, это просто, но понятно!
Если НЕ понятно, то может быть 5-6 за первые 2 критерия, т.к. позиция НЕ
понятна или её нет.
Пример эссе:
Some people believe that nowadays we have too many choices. To what extent
do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
It is often claimed that modern life presents people with an overwhelming number
of choices. I completely agree with this, and tend to think that the Internet and
globalisation are the two major factors involved.
It is undeniable that the Internet has led to a dramatic expansion in the number of
choices that are available to us. The number of online media options, for instance,
is now almost endless. There are countless websites offering entertainment, news,
videos, on-demand TV and music streaming, many of which are free. I would
argue that this abundance of media leads to confusion on the part of the average
user, as we have to make so many decisions about the content that we consume.
For example, people used to have few TV channels in the 90s, whereas now we
have access to thousands of films and series through services like Netflix.
Alongside the influence of the Internet, globalisation is making the world smaller
and compounding this problem of too much choice. Cheap international flights
have made overseas travel possible for millions of people, but this also means
that we are faced with hundreds of options when deciding where to go on holiday
or even where to live. We no longer have the limited but simple travel choices of
our grandparents’ generation. The same is true if we look at the increasing
tendency for young people to study abroad. While the opportunity for overseas
study seems appealing, many students are confused about where to go and which
path to take.
In conclusion, thanks to online services and globalisation, we are faced with a
huge number of options in most areas of life nowadays. I strongly believe that
this is often more bewildering than beneficial as being overwhelmed with options
could make people confused as to what to do in life.
304 words

Прочитайте это эссе и обратите внимание на ответы на эти вопросы:

● Все идеи понятны?

● Есть объяснения идеям? Где?
● Где примеры?
● Где точка зрения автора? Она понятна? Почему?
● Какими словами написана позиция автора?
● Что написано в 1-м и последнем параграфах?
● Стиль формальный: почему?
● Какая грамматика?
● Какие слова и словосочетания вам нравятся?

Задание на развитие “артикль” интуиции:

Прочитайте эссе ещё раз и подчеркните все артикли: a, an, the и нулевой
артикль (там, где нет артикля). Объясните себе, как можете, почему такой
артикль или его нет.
Это помогает развивать “насмотренность” на артикли именно в IELTS эссе.
 2. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion

Some people believe that school children should not be given homework by
their teachers, whereas others argue that homework plays an important role in
the education of children.

Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge and experience.
Write at least 250 words.

Трюк тут в том, что в этом вопросе у вас сразу три задания:
1) написать, почему люди придерживаются первой точки зрения
2) написать, почему другие люди придерживаются второй
3) написать какую позицию из этих двух выбираете вы и почему

ВНИМАНИЕ!
Проще писать, если вы выбрали ОДНУ из двух точек зрения. Так
короче и легче сформулировать, нежели чем писать, что вы согласны и с
тем, и с тем тоже + объяснять, почему и то, и то.

Структура 1

1§ Introduction
Paraphrase the 2 views + My Opinion: which view do I support?
2§ On the one hand, пишем про the first view (why do people think so?)
3§ However, пишем про the other view (why do people think so?)
4§ In my opinion, … (why do I support this view?)
5§ Conclusion
Paraphrase the other view + My Opinion: the view I support
 Структура 2

1§ Introduction:
Paraphrase the 2 views + My Opinion: which view do I support?
2§ On the one hand, + The view I do NOT support (why do people think so?), 1
or 2 ideas
3§ However, I side with those who think that … + The view I support + why? 1
or 2 ideas
4§ Conclusion:
Paraphrase the other view + My Opinion: the view I support

“Рыба” для этой структуры:

Перефразируем задание + своя позиция:

While some people assume that …, I side with those who claim that …
On the one hand, it could be argued that … (точка зрения, с которой вы НЕ
согласны). This is mainly because … For instance, … Therefore, …
However, I agree with those who believe that … (точка зрения, с которой вы
согласны). The major reason is that … + explain. Thus, …
In conclusion, although + 1 view, 2 view. Therefore, on balance, I believe that …
(пишите вашу позицию: which view do you agree with?)

Структура 3
ЕСЛИ СОГЛАСНЫ с ДВУМЯ VIEWS: Balanced Answer
НЕ рекомендую так писать, т.к. легче или согласиться или нет

Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of
the society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this. Discuss
both these views and give your own opinion.

1§ Introduction:
People have different views about whether parents or schools should bear the
responsibility for helping children to become good citizens. In my view, this
responsibility should be shared. (Paraphrase the task + My Opinion)

2§ The first view (why do people think so?)

On the one hand, parents certainly have a vital role to play in the upbringing of
their children. + Explanation + Example

3§ The second view (why do people think so?)

On the other hand, school teachers may contribute almost as much as parents to
the development of a child. + Explanation + Example OR result

4§ In conclusion
Both parents and schools should work together to ensure that young people
become polite and productive members of society.
(My Opinion: I support both views + why, 2-4 sentences)

Какую из этих 3-х структур выбрать?

Выбирайте ту структуру, которая больше подходит вам и вашим идеям.

Главное: пишите про 2 точки зрения даже если вы НЕ согласны с одной из
них. Ваша позиция должна быть понятна: с каким взглядом вы согласны.

ВНИМАНИЕ:
Писать свою точку зрения во вступлении НЕ обязательно, но некоторые
экзаменаторы предпочитают сразу понимать вашу позицию по данному
вопросу, так что лучше её писать в первом параграфе чётко и ясно. В
заключении дублировать, только другими словами.

Пример эссе:
Some people believe that school children should not be given homework by
their teachers, whereas others argue that homework plays an important role in
the education of children. Discuss both of these views and give your own
opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.

People’s opinions differ as to whether or not school children should be given

homework. While there are some strong arguments against the setting of
homework, I still believe that it is a necessary aspect of education.

There are several reasons why people might argue that homework is an
unnecessary burden on children. Firstly, there is evidence to support the idea that
homework does nothing to improve educational outcomes. Countries such as
Finland, where school children are not given homework, regularly top
international educational league tables and outperform nations where setting
homework is the norm. Secondly, many parents would agree that the school day
is already long enough, and leaves their children too tired to do further study when
they return home.

However, I side with those who believe that homework has an important role to
play in the schooling of children. This is because homework encourages
independent learning and problem solving as children are challenged to work
through tasks alone and at their own pace. In doing so, students must apply the
knowledge that they have learnt in the classroom. For example, by doing
mathematics exercises at home, students consolidate their understanding of the
concepts taught by their teacher at school. In my view, it is important for children
to develop an independent study habit because this prepares them to work alone
as adults.

In conclusion, although homework could be considered as an unnecessary

burden, in the long term, it is essential for children’s development. Therefore, on
balance, I believe that children should be given homework.

256 words
 3. Advantages/disadvantages

You should spend 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

In many cities the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in
order to reduce crime, but some people believe that these measures restrict
our individual freedom.
Do the benefits of increased security outweigh the drawbacks?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge and experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Структура 1
Если считаете, что больше ПЛЮСОВ - сильная позиция

1§ Introduction:
Paraphrase the Task + My Opinion: more benefits (2 sentences)
2§ 1 benefit + Explanation + Example/result
3§ 2 benefit + Explanation + Example/result
4§ 3 benefit + Explanation + Example/result (можно БЕЗ этого параграфа)
5§ Conclusion
Sum up the benefits + My Opinion: more benefits

Тут можно 2 или 3 параграфа в основной части.

Всего в эссе 4 или 5 параграфов.

Структура 2
Если считаете, что больше ПЛЮСОВ – баланс

1§ Introduction
Paraphrase the Task + My Opinion
Although ..., I believe the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
2§ NOT my position! 1 drawback
On the one hand, it is argued that… drawback + Explanation + Example
3§ My position: 2 benefits
However, I believe there are more benefits of …
Firstly, … 1st benefit + explain + example. Secondly, 2nd benefit
4§ In conclusion,
Although … sum up the drawbacks from 2§, ... + benefits from 3§. Therefore, I
believe that the advantages outweigh the negatives.

Структура 3
Если считаете, что есть и ПЛЮСЫ, и МИНУСЫ
НЕ рекомендую так писать, т.к. легче выбрать что-то одно

1§ Introduction
Paraphrase the Task + My Opinion: there are benefits AND drawbacks
2§ 1 advantage + Explanation/Example. Moreover, + 2 benefit +
Explanation/Result.
3§ However, 1 disadvantage + Explanation/Example. Furthermore, + 2
drawback + Explanation.
4§ Conclusion
My Opinion: benefits and drawbacks

Для эссе advantages/disadvantages нам нужны синонимы:

✔ Benefits and drawbacks

✔ Positive aspects/points
✔ Negative aspects

✔ Positives and negatives

✔ It can be advantageous to …

✔ It is beneficial to …
✔ People benefit from …

Например,
It can be advantageous for children to learn a foreign language at a young age.
One positive point of owning a car is that you are able to travel at any time that
suits you.
There are many negatives to being famous, including not being able to leave your
home unprotected.
I do not believe that the benefits of working remotely outweigh the drawbacks.
There are a number of positives to paying in cash.
Пример эссе:
In many cities the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in
order to reduce crime, but some people believe that these measures restrict our
individual freedom. Do the benefits of increased security outweigh the
drawbacks?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
It is true that video surveillance has become commonplace in many cities in recent
years. While I understand that this could be seen as an invasion of privacy, I
believe that the benefits of this policy outweigh the drawbacks.
On the one hand, CCTV cameras in public places invade our privacy. This means
that people are constantly being watched by the authorities or by private security
firms. Today, there are cameras in the public transport, in shops and parking lots
and it is hard to find a place where they are not installed. Many citizens find this
intrusive and feel that the recording of their movements is a form of state control
that curtails their individual freedom.
However, I tend to think that there are more positives to the proliferation of video
cameras. Firstly, video surveillance helps to deter criminals and to prevent crime.
For example, petty criminals like shoplifters and pickpockets are less likely to
operate in parts of cities where they know that they are being watched. At the
same time, when crimes are committed, the police can use video evidence to catch
and prosecute offenders. Therefore, in my view, video cameras offer valuable
support to police officers, and they make cities safer for inhabitants, workers and
visitors alike.
To sum up, it seems to me that we gain more than we lose from the enhanced
security that CCTV cameras bring to our cities. Not only do they help to prevent
crimes, but they also make the environment safer to the citizens.

254 words
Вопрос может быть такой: What are the advantages and disadvantages?
Например,

Задание НЕ спрашивает о вашей позиции, и пишем 2 Benefits и 2

Drawbacks. БЕЗ своей точки зрения.

Структура
1§ Introduction
Paraphrase the Task + Benefits and Drawbacks While … benefits, it also has
certain drawbacks.

2§ There are two major benefits of … 1 Benefit+ Explanation/Example + The

2nd benefit + Explanation + Result/Example

3§ On the other hand, there are certain drawbacks. 1 Drawback +

Explanation/Example + The 2nd drawback + Explanation + Result/Example

4§ Conclusion
Sum up the benefits and drawbacks from the body §s
Пример эссе на 9.0
За это эссе поставили [Link]. на официальном IELTS Progress Check
Today, numerous producers deliberately reduce the lifetime or use of their goods
which tend to deteriorate in quality quite fast after being purchased. While it could
be beneficial to the manufacturers as well as consumers, there are certain
drawbacks to adopting such a policy.
On the one hand, by manufacturing products with short lifespans, the producers
generate long-term sales and force their customers to replace the broken or worn
out items. For instance, smartphone screens, buttons or batteries tend to become
defective after about two or three years’ use which means continuous selling and
buying of newer models. With regards to the public, such constant turnover of
products could be advantageous as customers can regularly purchase brand new
goods tailored to their needs instead of ending up using the outdated ones.
Electronics, gadgets or clothes would be typical examples of how companies
cater to the consumers’ needs and offer various items depending on the fashion
trends and demands. Thus, instead of repairing a headset or mending old clothing,
they could be cheaply and easily replaced.
However, despite the aforementioned benefits, there are certain negatives. Firstly,
the production of less durable goods could result in complaints and be detrimental
to customer retention. If loyal buyers are dissatisfied with the quality and
durability of the products, they are highly likely to start buying from another more
reliable brand. Consequently, manufacturers could lose clients, hence gaining less
profit. In addition, the constant replacement of products encourages consumerism
and mass production. This, in turn, leads to such environmental issues as air and
water pollution since factories produce toxic chemicals and are responsible for
the emissions of all sorts of pollutants. There are also problems with waste
disposal as certain metals used in smartphones, for instance, are unrecyclable and
can contaminate soil once buried in landfill sites.
In conclusion, although producers could generate substantial profits by making
goods with a short lifetime, there is a danger of losing customers who value
durability. As for the public, while there are certain environmental issues, the
major positive aspect is the possibility of purchasing up-to-date products on a
regular basis.

Прочувствовали уровень 9.0?

Хорошие новости: чтобы получить 7.0, так писать НЕ требуется)
а чтобы получить 6-6.5, ухудшаем эссе в 2-3 раза))
Итак, в эссе advantages/disadvantages может быть 2 варианта:

4. Two Questions Essay

You should spend 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Happiness is considered very important in life.

Why is it difficult to define?
What factors are important in achieving happiness?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge and experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Эссе с 2 вопросами часто встречаются в IELTS General.

Примеры заданий эссе с двумя вопросами:

Despite better access to education, many adults today still cannot read or write.
In what ways are they disadvantaged? What can governments do to help them?

Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life. What
do you think are the reasons for this? Do the advantages of the trend outweigh
the disadvantages?
Mobile phones and the Internet could have many benefits for old people.
However, this age group uses technology the least. What are the benefits for old
people of using mobile phones and the Internet? How can we encourage them to
use this new technology?

Часто вопросы такие: What do you think are the reasons for this? Is this a
positive or negative trend?

Структура

1§ Introduction
Paraphrase the Task + My Opinion (if the task asks for it)

2§ Answer the 1st question (2 ideas)

3§ Answer the 2nd question (2 ideas; give your opinion if asked)

4§ In conclusion,
Sum up the answers to 2 questions + Restate your position if asked

Если у вас в задании 2 вопроса, важно:

✔ Понять: спрашивают про вашу точку зрения или нет?

✔ Если да, пишите её в 1ом и последнем параграфе, а также в
основной части
✔ Ответить на 2 вопроса
✔ В том же порядке как они идут в задании
✔ Не уделять одному вопросу больше внимания, чем другому.
✔ Может быть 2 или 3 параграфа в основной части

Пример эссе:

Happiness is considered very important in life.

Why is it difficult to define?
What factors are important in achieving happiness?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge and experience.

It is no doubt true that the majority of people would like to be happy in their lives.
While the personal nature of happiness makes it difficult to describe, there do
seem to be some common needs that we all share with regard to experiencing or
achieving happiness.
Happiness is difficult to define because it means something different to each
individual person. Nobody can fully understand or experience another person’s
feelings, and we all have our own particular passions from which we take
pleasure. Some people, for example, derive a sense of satisfaction from earning
money or achieving success, whereas for others, health and family are much more
important. At the same time, a range of other feelings, from excitement to
peacefulness, may be associated with the idea of happiness, and the same person
may therefore feel happy in a variety of different ways.
Although it seems almost impossible to give a precise definition of happiness,
most people would agree that there are some basic preconditions to achieving it.
Firstly, it is hard for a person to be happy if he or she does not have a safe place
to live and enough food to eat. Our basic survival needs must surely be met before
we can lead a pleasant life. Secondly, the greatest joy in life is usually found in
shared experiences with family and friends, and it is rare to find a person who is
content to live in complete isolation. Other key factors could be individual
freedom and a sense of purpose in life.
In conclusion, happiness is difficult to define because it is particular to each
individual, but I believe that our basic needs for shelter, food and company need
to be fulfilled before we can experience it.
292 words
 5. Problems-Solutions Essay
Задания могут быть такими:
In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will
this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken
to reduce the impact of ageing populations.
People who live in big cities face a range of problems in their daily life. What are
the main problems people in cities have, and how can these problems be solved?
In some parts of the world traditional festivals and celebrations have disappeared
or are disappearing. What problems is this causing? What measures could be
taken to counter this situation?

Структура 1

Вы можете написать 2 проблемы + 2 решения

ИЛИ
3 проблемы + 3 решения.

1§ Introduction:
Paraphrase the task + There are certain measures which could be implemented
to solve the issue of …
2§ 2 Problems
There are two major issues connected to ...
1 Problem+ Explanation/Example + The 2nd problem + Explanation +
Result/Example
3§ 2 Solutions
There are two main solutions …
1 Solution+ Explanation/Example + The 2nd solution + Explanation +
Result/Example
4§ Conclusion
Sum up the problems + solutions from the body §s
 Структура 2

1§ Introduction
2§ 1st Problem + Solution (проблема и решение должны быть связаны:
решение решает эту проблему)
1 issue + Explanation/Example + Solution+ Explanation + Result/Example
3§ 2nd Problem + Solution
2 issue + Explanation/Example + Solution+ Explanation + Result/Example
4§ Conclusion: Sum up the problems + solutions from the body §s

Можно писать проблему и решение этой проблемы в ОДНОМ параграфе.

Так вы точно напишите решение, которое будет связано с этой проблемой.
Если писать 2-3 проблемы в одном параграфе, а решения в другом, может
получиться так, что решения будут не про те проблемы, про которые вы
писали ранее, или придётся перечитывать, что вы написали в параграфе с
проблемами, а потом писать решения.

Для этих эссе нам нужны синонимы:

Problems – issues – difficulties

Solve/tackle/address/deal with problems
Take measures to solve problems
Remedy a situation
Find a remedy for
Overcome difficulties
Resolve issues

Пример эссе:
People who live in large cities face a range of problems in their daily life. What
are the main problems people in cities face and how can these problems be
tackled?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge and experience.
These days, more and more of us are living in big cities, and urban conurbations
are expanding all the time. Although cities are very attractive places to live, there
are numerous social problems there.

One of the biggest problems facing people who live in cities is the high property
prices. In many cities, buying a house near the centre is out of reach for people
on the average salary and they are forced to live outside the city and to commute
into work. In central London, for instance, the cost even a one-bedroom flat is
prohibitive for many people. To solve this problem, the government could put
more resource into building affordable housing, which would allow more people
to buy their own home.

Another issue is traffic and air pollution. Most big cities are overrun with cars,
and there is a great deal of traffic congestion. The exhaust fumes from these cars
cause air pollution and as a consequence, more and more people are suffering
from respiratory diseases, such as asthma. This problem could be addressed by
introducing a congestion charge for cars entering the city center, thereby cutting
the number of vehicles on the road.

Finally, another problem is the quality and cost of public transport. That is to
say, in most capitals, public transport is inefficient, and the infrastructure is old
and inadequate. At the same time, ticket prices are often too high, which puts
people off using public transport. The way forward must be to invest more
money in trains and buses, to slash ticket prices. This would encourage more
people to use public transport.

To sum up, although it is clear that cities face range of problems, it is undoubtedly
possible to start to tackle these issues, and improve the quality of
life. Governments and local councils must take the lead in dealing with these
problems, otherwise city life will only get worse in the future.

320 words
 6. Reasons and Solutions Essay
Например, задания могут быть такими:
Fewer young people play sports these days. Why is this? What can be done to
encourage more people to do sports?
Some ex-prisoners commit crimes after being released from prison. What do you
think is the cause? How can it be solved?
There is too much noise in many public places in cities. What are the causes of
this problem? What can be done to solve the problem?
Many people feel that media coverage has becoming increasingly biased today.
Why is this? What can be done to fix this problem?

Reasons = Causes. Иногда это эссе называется causes and solutions. НЕ

путать с problems/solutions. Тут в задании у нас проблема, и спрашивают
про причины и решения. В эссе выше есть ситуация и спрашивают про
проблемы и решения.

Структура 1
Можно 2 или 3 причины + 2 или 3 решения.
1§ Introduction: Paraphrase the task.
2§ One of the main causes of the problem is that … - the main idea + explain it
+ example. The solution is for the (… who?) to (… do what?) ..., which would
(… do what/result in what?)
3§ Another reason is that … + explain it + Example OR result. To tackle this
issue, … (who?) should … in order to …
4§ The third cause of the problem is that … + explain it + example OR result.
The way forward could be to … This would … (do what?) (МОЖНО НЕ
ПИСАТЬ ЭТОТ ПАРАГРАФ)
5§ In conclusion, … due to such reasons as …, … and … (the reasons you've
mentioned in the §s above). The main responsibility for solving the problem lies
with … (who?)

В параграфах основной части пишем причину + решение.

 Структура 2

1§ Introduction: Paraphrase the task.

2§ There are two main reasons for … The main cause is that … + explain it +
example. Another reason + explain it + result. One more cause (Можно 3тью
причину написать или оставить 2 причины в этом параграфе). Т.е в этом
параграфе 2 или 3 причины.
3§ 2 или 3 решения
4§ In conclusion, … (the problem) due to such reasons as …, … and … (the
reasons you've mentioned in the §s above). The main responsibility for solving
the problem lies with … (who?)

Прочитайте пример ниже и обратите внимание на структуру этого эссе.

Выбирайте какая структура комфортна именно вам и подходит по
теме/вашим идеям.

Пример эссе:
Many criminals re-offend after they have been punished. Why do some people
continue to commit crimes after they have been punished, and what measures
can be taken to tackle this problem?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge and experience.
A large number of criminals who serve their first prison sentence, leave prison
only to reoffend. This is mainly because of the lack of rehabilitation and difficulty
finding regular employment once released. There are a number of solutions which
should be implemented to deal with criminals who reoffend.
Firstly, the reason for most first-time offenders committing crimes again, once
they have been released from prison, is due to the lack of rehabilitation whilst in
prison. In other words, offenders are not given a chance to learn new skills for
their future or develop a deeper understanding of correct moral behaviour and
instead mix with other criminals, which only strengthens their criminal intentions.
Secondly, repeat offending is also owing to the difficulty in finding employment
after being released. As a result, many of them struggle financially which leads
them back to crime, regardless of the consequences.
There are two effective solutions to the problem of repeat offenders. One way to
tackle this is to ensure that all criminals entering prison are given the chance to
retrain with useful skills which will hopefully ensure them a job after they have
served their sentence. By doing this, it will help them reintegrate back into society
and give them some means of supporting themselves financially. Another method
of dealing with criminals who reoffend is to have more supervision and checks in
place when they are back in society. This solution would hopefully prevent them
from taking any chances and deter them from reoffending because they are being
so closely watched.
In conclusion, having training in prison and also close observation when first time
offenders are released are effective in dealing with the issue. If governments
implemented these solutions, crime figures would soon drop.
289 words

7. Positive or Negative Development

Если вопрос эссе «Is this a positive or negative development?», вас

спрашивают про вашу точку зрения. Нужно прямо писать: I believe it is a
positive trend. Или negative.
Этот вопрос значит хорошо или плохо для общества,
т.е. мыслим глобально.

Задайте себе эти вопросы:

● Is this trend good or bad for society?

● Will it change society for the better?
● How has it affected society?

Лучше писать идеи про общество в целом. Например, тема:

Many parents today employ private tutors to teach their children after school
hours. Is this a positive or negative development?
Какие идеи лучше?
1) children don’t develop in other important ways because they lack time
2) some children don’t have time to eat
3) very expensive for parents
4) the gap between rich and poor is widening
1 и 4 лучше, т. к. они глобальные. 2 и 3 “местечковые”/локальные.
 Структура 1
ЕСЛИ ДУМАЕТЕ, ЧТО POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Сильная позиция

1§ Introduction: Paraphrase the Task + My opinion

I believe that this is a positive development.
2§ Firstly, … + Explanation/Example or/and Result
3§ Another reason why it is a positive development … + Explanation/Example
or/and Result
4§ Finally, … (the strongest reason why you think it’s a positive trend)
5§ In conclusion, not only does …, it also … (sum up 2 strongest positives).
Therefore, I believe that this trend is a positive development.

Структура 2
ЕСЛИ ДУМАЕТЕ, ЧТО POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Баланс
1§ Introduction
Paraphrase the Task + My opinion. While …, I believe that this is a positive
development.
2§ On the one hand, … + 1 reasons why it could be argued it is a negative trend
+ Explanation/Example/Result
3§ However, I believe it is a positive development for two main reasons. Firstly,
… Additionally, … (2 reasons why positive)
4§ In conclusion,
although …, it … (your strongest idea). Therefore, I believe that this trend is a
positive development.

Структура 3
ЕСЛИ ДУМАЕТЕ, ЧТО И POSITIVE, И NEGATIVE DEVELOPMENT
НЕ рекомендую так писать, т.к. легче выбрать что-то одно
1§ Introduction
Paraphrase the Task + My Opinion: both positive and negative development
2§ Why is it negative? + Explanation + Example. In addition, … + another reason
why it is a negative development + Explanation + Example
3§ Why is it positive? + Explanation + Example OR result. Furthermore, … +
another reason why it is a negative development + Explanation + Example
4§ Conclusion
My Opinion: both positive and negative development
Пример эссе:
Some universities now offer their courses on the Internet so that people can
study online. Is this a positive or negative development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge and experience.
It is true that online courses are becoming a common feature of university
education. Although there are some drawbacks of Internet-based learning, I
would argue that it is a positive development overall.

The main drawback of the trend towards online university courses is that there is
less direct interaction. Students may not have the opportunity to engage face-to-
face with their teachers, and will instead have to rely on written forms of
communication. Similarly, students who study online do not come into direct
contact with each other, and this could have a negative impact on peer support,
discussion and exchange of ideas. For example, whereas students on traditional
courses can attend seminars and even discuss their subjects over coffee after
lessons, online learners are restricted to chatting through website forum areas.
These learners may also lack the motivation and element of competition that face-
to-face group work brings.

However, I believe that online university courses are a positive trend for three
major reasons. Firstly, they allow learners to study in a flexible way. This means
that students can work whenever and wherever is convenient and cover the
material at their own pace. Secondly, online learning offers open access to
anybody who is willing to study, regardless of age, location, ability and
background. For example, 65-year old people could enrol on online MBA courses
in a different country, which would have been impossible in the days before
Internet-based education.

In conclusion, while I recognise the possible disadvantages of online learning, I

consider it to be a positive development overall. Its flexibility and numerous
opportunities are indeed attractive and help people from various contexts achieve
their goals. 273 words
Золотые правила
Какая бы тема ни была, и как бы сложно вам не было, помните эти правила:

✔ Можно писать 2 или 3 параграфа в основной части

✔ Ваша точка зрения должна быть четко понятна и ясна экзаменатору.
Пишите её в первом и последнем параграфе, а также в основной части
✔ Проще написать эссе, если вы выбрали ОДНУ позицию (например,
согласен или больше advantages).
✔ Если выбираете структуру “баланс”, во 2-м параграфе пишите то, с чем
не согласны, – т.е. другую точку зрения.
✔ Самый сильный аргумент пишите в конце, чтобы окончательно
убедить экзаменатора.
✔ Написали идею, объясняйте, что имеете в виду. Представьте, что Боб
(экзаменатор) устал и читает 12-е эссе подряд – ваше. Бобу должно
быть сразу всё супер понятно: что это значит? Что вы имеете в виду?
Как это так? Например? Оставьте “Толстого” с “Булгаковым” дома и
пишите чётко и понятно.
✔ На эссе выше 6, идеи должны быть убедительными.
✔ Делайте “real life check”. Спрашивайте себя: а в жизни действительно
так или я пишу фантастический бред?
✔ На 5-6 из 9 смело пишите тупость, но по теме.
✔ 1-2 примера в одном эссе.
✔ Перечитывайте задание перед тем, как написать следующий параграф.
Так вы фокусируете свое внимание на теме и не уйдёте в дебри
философии.
✔ НЕТ одной правильной структуры конкретного IELTS эссе.; одно эссе
можно написать по-разному.
Какие примеры писать?
Задание эссе просит вас дать “relevant examples from your own knowledge or
experience”. Это значит, что нужно сделать свои идеи ещё более
убедительными, подкрепляя их примерами – фактами из жизни.

Чтобы написать пример, задайте себе эти вопросы:

● Что я видел, слышал и знаю про это?
● Что я видел в реальной жизни, что поддержит мою идею?
● Какие факты я про это знаю?

Например, в эссе про being a celebrity, можно написать имя знаменитости и

его/её конкретное действие:
On the one hand, famous people have no privacy and once a person enters show
business, they need to accept that their life is no longer theirs. Fans and paparazzi
follow celebrities everywhere for photos and autographs, so a famous person is
always in the spotlight wherever they go. If Leonardo DiCaprio decides to sit in
the park with a book, the entire world will know and the pictures of him will be
all over the Internet.
Fans and paparazzi – это тоже примеры людей (кто именно?). Пример
должен быть конкретный и чёткий: Кто? Что делает? Где?, т.е. вы от
вашей идеи (общее) идёте к более конкретному (пример).

Что лучше НЕ делать?

Писать про своих друзей, семью, кошку и т.д. (личные примеры). For
example, my grandmother ...
Придумывать статистику
Придумывать исследования (часто такие эссе получают за 5-6 баллов)
Писать про британских учёных ))

ВНИМАНИЕ: если будете писать про себя и вашу жизнь – это будет
неформально. Стиль IELTS эссе – нейтральный и/или формальный.
Поэтому, лучше писать про то, что вы видели в жизни и про других людей.
НО! Если другого примера у вас нет, то пишите про себя. Главное, чтобы
ваш этот личный пример подкреплял вашу идею и был в тему. Лучше пусть
будет такой, чем оставить эссе без примеров.
Дело в том, что в IELTS НЕТ чётких правил про какие примеры писать. В
некоторых IELTS учебниках с примерами эссе можно увидеть личные
примеры. Однажды, написав пример про себя, я получила 8.0 за эссе. НО!
Безопаснее НЕ писать личные примеры.

Можно приводить в примеры названия компаний, сайтов, брендов,

имена людей, города, страны, профессии и т.д.

Лайфхаки про примеры

✓ Представьте, что вы разговариваете с 10 людьми на какую-то тему.

Какие примеры из жизни вы можете им привести, чтобы 9 человек
вам точно поверили? И в эссе, примеры должны быть
убедительными и про реальную жизнь, а не про статистику, которой
нет.

✓ Превращайте личные примеры в ОБЕЗЛИЧЕННЫЕ

✓ НЕ пишите эти слова: “My friend”, “my family”. Вместо этих слов,
пишите:
many people in Europe/Asia
most students
many children
10-year-olds
more women than men

✓ Используйте эти фразы:

It is well known that
It is common that
the majority of

Вместо: 80% of students, пишите: numerous students

НЕ очень:
According to the recent research, 86% of men are employed in the construction
industry.
Намного лучше:
It is well known that more men are employed in the construction industry than
women.
Переходим к конкретному – примеру параграфа с примерами.
In many countries today, crime novels and TV crime dramas are becoming
more and more popular. Why do you think these books and TV shows are
popular? What is your opinion of crime fiction and TV crime dramas?
Сначала отвечаем на вопрос Why do you think these books and TV shows are
popular? Пишем 2 идеи.
The popularity of crime novels and TV crime dramas stems from two main
reasons. Firstly, they have a suspenseful type of storytelling. That is to say that
these books and shows build up suspense from chapter to chapter or from one
episode to another. That is because the readers and viewers are drawn to the
sensations such stories and shows evoke such as the tension, the uncertainty and
the anticipation. This makes the audience addicted to the story as they are eager
to know what happens next, and after finishing one crime story or series, viewers
start the next one right away. Secondly, as a genre, crime promises a plot twist in
a way that others may not. Detective stories and thrillers feature various elements
of surprise and unexpected revelations as the story unravels. The entire narrative
is designed to keep people on edge, which makes the genre of crime so attractive
to a broad audience, including young and old.
1 пример: какие именно чувства вызывают эти книги и шоу
2 пример: какие именно жанры
Эти примеры убедительны и из реальной жизни. С ними сложно
поспорить. Они чёткие и конкретные. 2-3 примера достаточно. НЕ
нужно перечислять 7 жанров и 10 чувств. В этом параграфе 3 примера
чувств и 2 примера жанров.

Какими словами писать примеры?

● SUCH AS + noun (пишем в середине или конце предложения)
Fast food, such as burgers and pizza, can have a harmful effect on people’s health.
● FOR EXAMPLE/FOR INSTANCE + a full sentence
1 предложение! Обычно в середине параграфа.
Эссе про проблемы в стране, где говорят на иностранном языке. Пишем про
бытовые проблемы:
For example, many expatriates in Russia find it extremely hard to connect their
utilities as most utility companies’ websites offer only Russian versions.
Конкретно кто? Где? И проблема с чем? Обычно в реальной жизни?
Например, вы в Японии и всё на японском. У вас скорей всего будут
сложности с оплатой интернета дома.
● TAKE …, FOR EXAMPLE.
Это короткое предложение + ещё одно с примером.
Take fast food, for example. It is usually high in saturated fat and sugar which
could cause …
● A GOOD ILLUSTRATION OF THIS IS …
People often eat unhealthy food without realising it. A good illustration of this is
when people buy different ready-made sauces which tend to contain high amounts
of sugar.
● IN FACT
People often eat unhealthy food without realising it. In fact, many sauces have
high amounts of sugar.

Разбор Примера
Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious
social problems, as well as practical problems. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this statement?
Ниже 3-й параграф, в котором ответ на 2-ю часть эссе - practical problems,
т.е. почему я согласна что living in a country where you have to speak a foreign
language can cause serious practical problems?
Пишу 2 причины:
In addition to social issues, living in a foreign language environment may cause
some inconvenience in daily life. Simple routine activities such as grocery
shopping, setting up a bank account, or paying for utility bills can involve
major difficulties. Most of the official documentation may be available only in
the native language and a foreigner may not understand what is written on the
packaging of local products. While I accept that these problems could be eased
with the help of real-time translator applications, there are situations when it is
not possible unless a person speaks a foreign language of the country they live in.
For example, despite innovative technology, many expatriates in Russia find
it extremely hard to connect their utilities as most utility companies’ websites
offer only Russian versions. Simply translating the page is often not enough to
carry out this process, so asking a local for help would be a more effective
solution, which, in turn, could add more inconvenience.
1 пример: какие конкретно routine activities?
2 пример: конкретная ситуация, где real-time translator applications могут не
помочь
Вы поняли, что примеры конкретнее идеи? Если не можете привести
пример, закройте глаза и подумайте про жизнь. Или используйте such as +
2 или 3 конкретных существительных:
Simple routine activities such as grocery shopping, setting up a bank account, or
paying for utility bills can involve major difficulties.

Ваше задание:
✓ Прочитайте все эссе выше и найдите в них примеры
✓ Можете их подчеркнуть
✓ Сколько примеров в этом эссе? Про что они? Как они подкрепляют
идею этого параграфа?
✓ Какие слова использованы, чтобы дать этот пример?
✓ Сделайте тоже самое с другими эссе выше.
Как писать вступление?
Вступление должно быть быстрым, т.е. вы его пишите минут за 5.
Параграфы основной части намного сложнее и лучше оставить больше
времени для них, чем долго думать над 1-м параграфом.

Лайфхаки на высокий балл:

● Можно написать 2 предложения. Можно и больше, но, если у вас НЕ

хватает времени, пишите 2.
● НЕ пишите 1 предложение, т.к. 1 предложение – это НЕ параграф в
эссе.
● Есть разные схемы и формулы вступления и НЕТ 1 варианта как его
писать.
● Если в эссе спрашивают про вашу точку зрения, пишите её во
вступлении как можно яснее. Например, I agree with this statement.
● Перефразируйте задание ОЧЕНЬ БЛИЗКО К ЗАДАНИЮ, т.е.
синонимы, которые вы используете должны сохранять смысл слов в
задании. Если вы меняете смысл слов, эссе скорее всего будет НЕ по
теме, что значит 5-6 баллов за первые два критерия.
● В попытках перефразирования, студенты часто меняют смысл слов в
задании и теряют баллы, т.к. уходят от темы в первом параграфе. Если
не знаете, как перефразировать, оставляйте слово как есть. Если
пишите синоним, он обязательно должен иметь точно такое же
значение, что и слово в задании.

Как можно структурировать ваше вступление?

Есть несколько вариантов и все они подходят.

3 основные схемы:

1. General statement about the essay topic

+ paraphrase the essay task with my opinion (2 предложения)

2. General statement about the essay topic

+ paraphrase the essay task with my opinion
+ write 1-2 reasons you’ll include in the body (3 предложения)

3. Paraphrase the task + My opinion (2 предложения)

Если вы НЕ знаете, что писать, делайте так:

ПЕРЕФРАЗИРУЙТЕ ЗАДАНИЕ + МОЯ ПОЗИЦИЯ

= 2 ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

Например,
Тема:
Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious
social problems, as well as practical problems. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this statement?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.

Эссе спрашивает о моей позиции и мне во вступлении нужно написать I

agree … или I disagree
Какую формулу вступления я выберу?
Эту: General statement about the essay topic + paraphrase the essay task with
my opinion (2 предложения)
Что могу перефразировать близко к оригиналу?
Problems = challenges/issues
a foreign language ОСТАЕТСЯ ТАК КАК ЕСТЬ!
Если я буду выдумывать странные синонимы, будут низкие баллы!

Задание: Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can
cause serious social problems, as well as practical problems.
Наше вступление: Numerous people across the globe are considering moving
abroad despite the challenges which they may face. Although emigration could
be exciting, I believe that living in a foreign language environment may bring
both social and practical issues.
1 предложение – общее про тему эссе, но относится к заданию.
2 предложение – контраст (в основной части будет что-то про то, что living
in a foreign language environment can be exciting) + моя чёткая позиция = Я
полностью согласна.
КАК ЖЕ ТАК? ВЫ ЖЕ НЕ ПЕРЕФРАЗИРОВАЛИ И ПОВТОРИЛИ
СЛОВА?! Да. И это ОК. Living = living, social = social, а practical= practical.
ВСЁ.
Ещё пример. Прочитайте задание и 2 вступления ниже. Какое из них вам
больше нравится?

Вступление 1:
Today, a large number of food and drink products are made with high quantities
of sugar which could have a detrimental effect on people’s health. However, I
disagree that sugary foods ought to be more costly to discourage people from
eating too much sugar.
Вступление 2:
Today, a large number of food and drink products are made with high quantities
of sugar which could have a detrimental effect on people’s health. However,
although making sugary foods more costly may initially seem to be a good way
to change the eating habits of the poor, I disagree that price increases should
actually happen because, in practice, they would not make a real difference to the
amount of sugar people consume.

Задание эссе спрашивает о моей позиции и мне во вступлении нужно

написать I agree … или I disagree
Какую формулу вступления я выберу?
Вступление 1: перефразировать задание + моя позиция
Вступление 2: перефразировать задание + моя позиция + почему (сложнее
чем вступление 1)
Что могу перефразировать близко к оригиналу? Прочитайте 2 вступления
выше и заметьте синонимы.
Что оставить как есть? Sugar, people, products.
Чёткая позиция: I disagree
Как начинать вступление?
НЕ нужно мудрить и выдумывать что-то сверхумное. Обычно пишем эти
слова:
Nowadays, … Today, … (НЕ нужно тут заумные слова писать)
Recently, … Over the last twenty years, …
It has been argued that … It is said that …
Как писать параграфы основной части?
Задание эссе просит нас дать примеры, а также Give reasons for your answer:

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Вас просят написать ПРИЧИНЫ, т.е. почему вы так думаете - объяснить
ваши идеи. Это значит, что вы пишите идею и потом пишите почему.
Просто, да? Вы удивитесь: большинство студентов этого НЕ делают или
делают недостаточно.

Проблема в том, что если этих reasons for your answer НЕТ или их мало, за
первые два критерия ставят 5, 6 или возможно 7. Выше не будет. Поэтому,
важно понимать, как структурировать параграфы основной части и как
качественно объяснять свои идеи, чтобы выполнить задание эссе.

Формула успеха: разжевать идею

1 argument/idea + 2-3 sentences

1 argument/idea + Why?
What do I mean by this?
So what?
How?
Example
Result

Ваша идея/аргумент (1 предложение)

+
её объяснение/раскрытие/“разжевывание” (2-3 предложений)

Что это значит?

Вы пишите прямой ответ на вопрос эссе и объясняете его в 2-3
предложениях. Это значит, что после каждой идеи/аргумента вы пишите 2-
3 предложения, поясняя это экзаменатору Бобу, который, как вы помните
устал, и читает ваше эссе с экрана своего компьютера.
Как объяснять?
Написали идею и потом выбираете на какой вопрос вам написать ответ. На
вопрос почему или что это значит? Или по смыслу больше подходит “и что
с того?” или “как”? Может, нужен тут пример и/или результат. Тут всё
индивидуально и зависит от вашей идеи.
НЕ нужно отвечать на все вопросы. Выбирайте по смыслу 2-3 вопроса и
пишите 2-3 предложения. И получается, что в параграфе с одной идеей 3-6
предложений: сама идея (1 предложение) + её объяснение и раскрытие (2-3
предложений).
Ничего не понятно, так что писать? Давайте на примере ☺
Тема:
Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious
social problems, as well as practical problems. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this statement?
Пишу 2 идеи в одном параграфе и мне нужно предложение-вступление
(topic sentence), чтобы Боб (экзаменатор) понимал, про что я вообще тут
буду писать:
Living in a foreign language environment may cause some problems in daily life.
Теперь идею пишем – 1-я проблема какая?
Simple routine activities such as grocery shopping, setting up a bank account, or
paying for utility bills can involve major difficulties.
Тут логично сразу написать какие именно activities. Но почему они
вызывают сложности? Да, нужно это разжевать:
Most of the official documentation may be available only in the native language
and a foreigner may not understand what is written on the packaging of local
products. – это объяснение
Тут экзаменатор думает: а как же онлайн переводчики и приложения? Вы
пишите:
While I accept that these problems could be eased with the help of real-time
translator applications, there are situations when it is not possible unless a
person speaks a foreign language of the country they live in.
Ну да, я понимаю, что названия продуктов можно в Google translate, НО всё-
таки считаю, что эти инновации не решают всех проблем.
Мы написали: there are situations when it is not possible unless a person speaks
a foreign language of the country they live in. Какие именно ситуации?
Пример, можно? Пишем 1 предложение с конкретной ситуацией:
For example, despite innovative technology, many expatriates in Russia find it
extremely hard to connect their utilities as most companies’ websites offer only
Russian versions. И чего? Что с того (so what)? Пишем еще 1 предложение,
т.к. на примере лучше НЕ заканчивать.
Simply translating the page is often not enough to carry out this process, so
asking a local for help would be a more effective solution, which, in turn, could
add more inconvenience.
Весь параграф:
Living in a foreign language environment may cause some problems in daily life.
Simple routine activities such as grocery shopping, setting up a bank account, or
paying for utility bills can involve major difficulties. Most of the official
documentation may be available only in the native language and a foreigner may
not understand what is written on the packaging of local products. While I accept
that these problems could be eased with the help of real-time translator
applications, there are situations when it is not possible unless a person speaks a
foreign language of the country they live in. For example, despite innovative
technology, many expatriates in Russia find it extremely hard to connect their
utilities as most companies’ websites offer only Russian versions. Simply
translating the page is often not enough to carry out this process, so asking a
local for help would be a more effective solution, which, in turn, could add more
inconvenience.
И это всё так детально разжевывать надо?
Да. Экзаменатору должно быть всё понятно. Часто получается так, что вы
пишите идею и оставляете объяснение в уме. Ну и так же ясно, что я имею
в виду. НЕТ! У Боба (экзаменатора) может быть другое видение этого
вопроса, образование и жизненный опыт. Он может вас не понять и то, что
вы оставили в уме, он не знает. Поэтому разжёвывайте, если хотите выше
6.0 за эссе. Я называю это: “Stupid Examiner Technique”
В этом вам помогут эти слова:

Идея/аргумент + This means that … + For example, + Therefore, …

In other words, … For instance, As a result,
This is because … Thus, …

Если не знаете, что писать после прямого ответа на вопрос эссе,

используйте эти слова.
НО! Объяснять и раскрывать идею НЕ значит повторять то же самое
другими словами!
Каждое следующее предложение должно давать что-то новое. Это
называется progression of ideas. Прогресс идей. Одно вытекает из другого.
Каждое следующее предложение дополняет предыдущее. Понимаете?
Тут НЕТ повторений и пережёвывания одного и того же:
Living in a foreign language environment may cause some problems in daily life.
Simple routine activities such as grocery shopping, setting up a bank account, or
paying for utility bills can involve major difficulties. Most of the official
documentation may be available only in the native language and a foreigner may
not understand what is written on the packaging of local products. While I accept
that these problems could be eased with the help of real-time translator
applications, there are situations when it is not possible unless a person speaks a
foreign language of the country they live in. For example, despite innovative
technology, many expatriates in Russia find it extremely hard to connect their
utilities as most companies’ websites offer only Russian versions. Simply
translating the page is often not enough to carry out this process, so asking a
local for help would be a more effective solution, which, in turn, could add more
inconvenience.
И это параграф на 9 из 9.

Структура параграфов основной части

The main idea / argument

+
Explanation
This means that …
This is because …
In other words, …
+
Example
For example,
For instance,
+
Result
As a result, …
Therefore,
Как начинать параграфы на 8-9?
В параграфе основной части эссе может быть 1 идея или 2-3 идеи.
Если вы пишите 2 или 3 идеи в одном параграфе, сначала нужно написать
предложение-вступление. Иногда его называют topic sentence.

Вам нужно пояснить экзаменатору, про что этот параграф. Боб

(экзаменатор) без этого не поймёт! Без этого предложения-вступления 8 за
критерий Coherence/Cohesion НЕ ставят.

Итак, это предложение-вступление пишем ТОЛЬКО В ПАРАГРАФАХ,

ГДЕ 2-3 ИДЕИ.

Например, тема:
Nowadays, many people complain that they have difficulties getting enough sleep.
What problems can lack of sleep cause? What can be done about lack of sleep?

В 1-м параграфе основной части отвечаем на 1-й вопрос: What problems can
lack of sleep cause? Пишем 2 проблемы. Начинаем с вступления – topic
sentence:

Lack of sleep can cause two main issues. Firstly, a sleep-deprived person may
have a deficit in their number of white blood cells. Having been depleted, the
reserves of these immune cells will not be able to protect the person from
hazardous illnesses, which may result in many complications or even a higher
risk of mortality. A person who works night shifts and only has a six-hour sleep
per day is likely to be much more vulnerable to certain viral and bacterial
infections compared to people who sleep for seven or eight hours daily. Secondly,
after an extended lack of sleep, cognitive functions are likely to decrease rapidly
because of the low level of several neurotransmitters regularly produced during
the night, which may affect such essential skills as concentration, memory and
reaction speed. As a result, many individuals can face difficulties with daily
duties whilst at work, which can be especially dangerous if their occupation is
connected to people’s health or driving.
Второй параграф основной части эссе будет про 2-й вопрос: What can be
done about lack of sleep? Пишем 2 решения и сначала topic sentence:

However, there are two effective solutions to the issue of sleep deficiency. One
way to tackle this is to ensure that sleep deprived people, regardless of their daily
schedule, are given an opportunity to have eight hours of sleep per day. This could
be accomplished by regulating their sleep better by not using electronic devices
before bed. By doing this, sufficient sound sleep will become a habit and it will
have a positive impact on the public’s health as well as their productivity.
Probably the best method of dealing with sleep deprivation is to help people
fall asleep faster and at the same time every day by using natural herbs and
melatonin. Since there are many whose sleep issues are connected to melatonin
deficiency or anxiety, the use of medicaments and herbal medicines may be
beneficial to ensure seven or eight hours of sleep on a daily basis. Not only will
it help people to stay healthy, but it will also boost their immune system which,
in turn, will improve their mental processes.
Такие простые предложения?! Да!

В каких случаях мы пишем 2 идеи в 1 параграфе?

Обычно в этих эссе:
● Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
What are the advantages and disadvantages …?
● Two Questions Essay
● Problems-Solutions Essay
● Reasons-Solutions Essay

1 параграф = 2 advantages
1 параграф = 2 ответа на 1-й вопрос эссе (Two Questions Essay)
1 параграф = 2 проблемы

Например,
Being a celebrity – such as a famous film star or sports personality – brings
problems as well as benefits. Do you think being a celebrity brings more benefits
or more problems?
Тут у меня сильнее идеи про benefits и моя позиция:
I believe that there are more advantages of fame than disadvantages.
В 1-м параграфе основной части пишу про недостатки (НЕ моя позиция).
Помните, что сначала лучше писать с тем, с чем НЕ согласны?
Пишу 2 недостатка в 1 параграфе и мне нужно вступление – topic sentence.
On the one hand, there are two major drawbacks to being a celebrity. Firstly,
there is no privacy and once a person enters show business, they need to accept
that their life is no longer theirs. Fans and ruthless paparazzi follow celebrities
everywhere for exclusive photos and autographs, so a famous person is always
in the spotlight wherever they go. If Leonardo DiCaprio decides to sit on the
park bench with a book, the entire world would know and the pictures of him
will be all over the tabloids and the Internet. In addition, celebrity stalking,
which is often called “the dark side of fame”, is a significant issue these days.
Famous people are often harassed by obsessed fans or followers on the phone
or mail, whose behaviours range from sending threatening letters to assaults.
Thus, due to unwanted and intrusive attentions from stalkers, the personal
safety of public figures could be compromised.
Очень просто: On the one hand, there are two major drawbacks to being a
celebrity.
Предложение короткое – ОК! Оно выполняет функцию вступления, чтобы
наш Боб (экзаменатор) понял, о чём ваш параграф. На 8-9 нужно так писать.
Мой 2-й параграф про мою позицию и 2 или 3 benefits. Как начнём? Эй,
экзаменатор, тут у меня про benefits:
However, despite these drawbacks, I am convinced that fame has far more
benefits (моя чёткая позиция). One of the obvious ones is that fame
generally means being rich as film stars or famous sportsmen tend to be much
wealthier than non-celebrities. This financial stability means having not only
luxurious mansions, private jets and costly designer clothes, but also
professional protection teams and the best home security solutions, which
ensures safety from paparazzi and stalkers. However, the most significant
benefit in my view is that celebrities have the power to influence other people.
That is to say that their actions incite reactions in others and their words carry
weight. For instance, Usain Bolt inspired children to take up sports and it was
because of his speeches and victories that the number of athletes in Jamaica
doubled. Therefore, famous people are able to endorse healthy lifestyles, raise
public awareness on various issues and persuade audiences to take action to
make improvements in their lives.
Пример заметили? Конкретный и в тему. И да, я про это знаю. Балл 9 ставят
тому, кто пишет, как образованный носитель языка. Образованный! Так это
что же, не только язык проверяют?! Да, на 8-9 нужны знания из разных сфер
для убедительных идей и примеров. Хорошие новости: вам точно нужны 8
или 9? Баллы 6-7 можно получить и без глубинных знаний в области спорта.
Как писать заключение?
Заключение связано с вступлением и параграфами основной части. Что
важно на баллы выше 6:

✔ НИКАКИХ новостей: пишите только про то, что уже было в ваших
параграфах основной части
✔ Обычно 2 предложения
✔ 1 предложение – НЕ параграф и лучше написать 2 (хотя некоторые
эксперты пишут одно)
✔ Если эссе спрашивает про вашу позицию, пишите его в заключении
✔ Перефразируйте близко к словам задания. НЕ меняйте смысл. Смысл
слов в задании должен остаться таким же.
✔ Не знаете, что тут написать? Перефразируйте задание и пишите
свою позицию
✔ Можно написать 1 или 2 идеи из параграфов основной части –
суммировать основные идеи из эссе
✔ Начинайте этот параграф так: In conclusion, … или To conclude, …

Например, у вас тема:

Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious
social problems, as well as practical problems. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this statement?
Наше вступление: Numerous people across the globe are considering moving
abroad despite the challenges which they may face. Although emigration could
be exciting, I believe that living in a foreign language environment may bring
both social and practical issues.
Идеи из основной части:
1 параграф: 2 social problems
cultural barriers + people can’t understand slang/idiomatic expressions of native
speakers. So, linguistic and cultural barriers can cause misunderstanding,
conflicts and sometimes even violence.
2 параграф: 2 practical problems
Inconvenience in daily life: grocery shopping, setting up a bank account, or
paying for utility bills can involve major difficulties. Most of the official
documentation may be available only in the native language and a foreigner may
not understand it.
Заключение:
In conclusion, not only can people living abroad make cultural mistakes, but
they may also struggle to carry out simple tasks, particularly those that are legal
in nature. Therefore, I agree that those living in a foreign language environment
face social barriers and difficulties to everyday affairs.

✔ Посмотрите, как всё, что написано в заключении напрямую

отражает смысл задания и идей основной части.
✔ НЕТ нового.
✔ Синонимы НЕ меняют смысла.
✔ Моя позиция понятна.
✔ Суммированы идеи из основной части.
✔ 2 предложения.
✔ НЕТ странных выражений и заумных слов-связок.
✔ Band 9.0. Цветы. Занавес.

Ещё пример,

Вступление: Today, a large number of food and drink products are made with
high quantities of sugar which could have a detrimental effect on people’s health.
However, I disagree that sugary foods ought to be more costly to discourage
people from eating too much sugar.
Идеи из основной части:
Increasing the cost could prevent certain people from consuming too much
sugar/cheaper options
BUT, wealthy people will continue to indulge in sugary foods despite the high
costs + low income people could keep spending their money on this food +
addictive.
Заключение:
In conclusion, while increasing the prices of sugary foods may push people
towards healthier options, not only will rich people continue to purchase sugary
foods, but low-income people will be unfairly punished. Thus, making
manufactured foods and sweet drinks overpriced is unlikely to be the answer to
dietary issues sugar is known to cause.
✔ Всё близко к заданию эссе. Смысл такой же.
✔ В основной части был контраст, и он тут тоже есть: while … т.е. может
помочь, но я не согласен.

Если НЕ знаете, что писать в заключении, перефразируйте задание как

можете, оставляя некоторые слова как есть и пишите свою позицию = 2
предложения.
Слова-связки для IELTS Эссе на 7-9
Выбирайте из этих слов те, которые вы можете запомнить и правильно
использовать, чтобы связывать идеи:

Добавить идеи Написать примеры Заключение

and For example, In conclusion,
or For instance, To sum up,
Furthermore, Such as …
Moreover,
In addition,
Additionally,

Контраст Своё мнение Результат

However, I believe that ... As a result,
On the other hand, I tend to think that ... As a consequence,
I agree that ... Consequently,
I strongly agree that … Therefore,
I hold the view that ... Thus,
In my view, …
In my opinion, …
I would argue that …

Этих слов ДОСТАТОЧНО!

Вы хотите ещё “крутых слов” как у Шекспира? НЕТ! Из-за странных слов
вы теряете баллы, и у Боба (экзаменатора) будет нервно дёргаться левый
глаз. Может даже оба глаза.

Ваше задание:
Прочитайте все параграфы выше и примеры эссе и подчеркните (в уме)
слова связки. Заметьте: есть ли там какие-нибудь навороченные слова или
нет?

Но как же тогда показать, как я виртуозно пишу?

На 7 и выше вам нужно связывать идеи при помощи синонимов и
местоимений this, that, these, they/which/that. Так просто? ДА! На самом
деле, сделать это правильно бывает сложно.

Например, тут выделены синонимы и местоимения, которые помогают

тексту быть единым целым:

However, despite these drawbacks, I am convinced that fame has far more
benefits. One of the obvious ones (имеем в виду – drawback) is that fame
generally means being rich as film stars or famous sportsmen tend to be much
wealthier than non-celebrities. This financial stability means having not only
luxurious mansions, private jets and costly designer clothes, but also
professional protection teams and the best home security solutions, which
ensures safety from paparazzi and stalkers. However, the most significant
benefit in my view is that celebrities have the power to influence other people.
That is to say that their actions incite reactions in others and their words carry
weight. For instance, Usain Bolt inspired children to take up sports and it was
because of his speeches and victories that the number of athletes in Jamaica
doubled. Therefore, famous people are able to endorse healthy lifestyles, raise
public awareness on various issues and persuade audiences to take action to
make improvements in their lives.

✔ Заметим, что у нас слова про fame/famous people.

✔ Чтобы не повторять drawbacks, пишем ones.

✔ Везде their, they, this – они помогают избежать повторений, и

помогают экзаменатору понять, о ком вы пишите.

✔ Но здесь же however 2 раза! Это нормально. Они в нужном

контексте и правильно использованы.

Посмотрите сколько тут “and”! И это ОК! And связывает идеи в 1

предложении.

НЕ начинайте новое предложение с and. Пишите его внутри (в середине)

предложения.

В русском можно увидеть такое:

Основная цель парка – сохранение и воспроизводство редких и находящихся
под угрозой исчезновения объектов животного и растительного мира,
занесенных в Красную книгу: снежный барс, алтайский горный баран
аргали, другие животные.
Перечисление с запятой. В английском НЕ делайте так. Пишите AND или
OR:
… занесенных в Красную книгу: снежный барс, алтайский горный баран
аргали И другие животные.

Так НЕправильно:
This financial stability means having not only luxurious mansions, private jets,
costly designer clothes, but also professional protection teams, the best home
security solutions, which ensures safety from paparazzi, stalkers.

Идеи тут плохо связаны, т.к. нет and/or.

Так правильно:
This financial stability means having not only luxurious mansions, private jets
and costly designer clothes, but also professional protection teams and the best
home security solutions, which ensures safety from paparazzi and/or stalkers.

Итак, вместо клише и странных заумных слов, правильно используйте:

✔ AND или OR, чтобы связывать идеи внутри 1 предложения

✔ Синонимы
✔ this, that, these
✔ they, their, his, her, them
✔ it
✔ which

Это и есть секреты на высокий балл. Извините, что всё так неинтересно и
нет списка волшебных слов-связок на 9.

А теперь список слов, которые убивают ваш балл. НЕ пишите их. Даже если
вы прочитали на сайте у Фреда, что нужно их писать, НЕТ

Score Killers

To recapitulate,
I would like to draw a conclusion now.
To wrap it up,
In a nutshell,
I would like to mention that
I, ergo, wholeheartedly believe that
I will proceed with arguments and examples to substantiate and corroborate my
stance.
Overall, (в эссе НЕ пишем; в графиках пишем)

странные клише, НЕ стоит писать в IELTS эссе, хорошо?

Какие же тогда писать? Эти:

AND For example, In conclusion,

OR For instance, To sum up,
Furthermore, Such as …
Moreover,
In addition,

However, I believe that ... As a result,

On the other hand, I tend to think that ... As a consequence,
I agree that ... Consequently,
I hold the view that ... Therefore,
In my view, … Thus,
In my opinion, …
I would argue that …

Ваше задание:

Прочитайте примеры параграфов и эссе в этом гайде и подчеркните (в уме)

слова связки, and/or, местоимения и синонимы. Прочувствуйте, что делает
текст единым целым и помогает вам следовать за мыслями автора.
Топ 10 Грамматических конструкций на 7-9
НЕ впихивайте грамматику в эссе, чтобы впечатлить экзаменатора.
Грамматические конструкции должны быть естественными. На высокий
балл: ваши идеи диктуют вам какую грамматику писать, а не грамматика
заставляет вас её обязательно использовать.
Как это так?! Нужно же показать РАЗНЫЕ конструкции! Да, но они должны
читаться естественно и НЕ должны быть притянутыми за уши, понимаете?
Эту грамматику можно писать в любом эссе:
1. Passive (страдательный залог)
was bought
… is needed …
It has been argued that … it should be mentioned that …

2. Tense Forms (разные времена)

Past Simple: people bought …, were, said
Present Continuous: These days, people are buying goods online (good for
introductions).
Present Perfect: A large number of people have started studying online recently.
Once cars have become driverless, people will be less distracted by having to
read maps.

3. Comparisons
… much more popular than …
… by far the most popular
… as expensive as …
Fewer people …
Less money …

4. Модальные глаголы
Students have to take plenty of exams.
The government should invest more money to education.
… can/could …
… may/might become …
Now, students are able to study in …

5. Условные наклонения (если подходит по контексту)

If the authorities launched a campaign to promote healthy lifestyles, more people
would quit eating fast food.
If teachers give less homework to students, they can use their free time doing
what they really like.
If driving is computerised, there will be less need to learn how to drive.

6. Be likely to … (вероятно)
It is likely that people will use driverless cars in the future.
Students are likely to study online rather than choose face-to-face education.
Traditional shops are unlikely to disappear.

7. Used to
In the case of driverless taxis and buses, people who used to drive such vehicles
are likely to be made redundant.

8. Gerunds (герундий)
Можно начать предложение с ing формы: Purchasing goods online is
becoming increasingly common.
Being forced to do homework every day may have a negative impact on a child’s
performance.

9. Participle Clauses (Причастия)

It has been argued that people working as artists and singers tend to burn out.
Given enough time, these laws could help to address air pollution.
Finding life outside prison difficult, ex convicts could commit crimes again.

10. Inversion (только если уверены, что знаете как использовать)

Пишите инверсию в последнем параграфе (conclusion), когда у вас 2 идеи:
To conclude, not only do driverless cars have greater efficiency, but they also
provide safety on the roads. Thus, I believe the positive sides of such vehicles
outweigh the potential risks.
Это формальная и эмоциональная конструкция. Используем её 1 раз в эссе
в заключение, только если вы пишите 2 идеи в одном предложении,
хорошо? Используем инверсию только с not only!

Сделайте упражнения онлайн и запомните, как образуется инверсия. Если

для вас это сложно и непонятно как её использовать, НЕ пишите!!! Если
неправильно написать, ваше предложение будет сложно понять, что
снижает баллы.
Ваше задание:

Прочитайте все параграфы выше и примеры эссе и подчеркните

грамматические конструкции. Например,
However, despite these drawbacks, I am convinced that fame has far more
benefits. One of the obvious ones is that fame generally means being rich as film
stars or famous sportsmen tend to be much wealthier than non-celebrities. This
financial stability means having not only luxurious mansions, private jets and
costly designer clothes, but also professional protection teams and the best home
security solutions, which ensures safety from paparazzi and stalkers. However,
the most significant benefit in my view is that celebrities have the power to
influence other people. That is to say that their actions incite reactions in others
and their words carry weight. For instance, Usain Bolt inspired children to take
up sports and it was because of his speeches and victories that the number of
athletes in Jamaica doubled. Therefore, famous people are able to endorse healthy
lifestyles, raise public awareness on various issues and persuade audiences to take
action to make improvements in their lives.
Думаете тут простая грамматика? Где инверсия, заумные обороты и 3-й вид
условного наклонения? Они тут НЕ нужны. Ничего не бросается в глаза и
всё natural, т.е. естественный язык. Что тут хорошо:
✔ Предложения состоят из 2-х частей. НЕ короткие и не слишком
длинные

✔ Всё правильно: грамматика и пунктуация

✔ Разные формы глаголов и конструкции: means being rich, have the
power to …, it was because of his speeches and victories that …,

✔ Модальные глаголы

✔ Всё естественно и НЕТ ощущения, что я впихиваю грамматику, чтобы

экзаменатор понял какая я молодец
Главная грамматическая конструкция
Вам нужно писать предложения, которые состоят из 2-х частей –
сложносочинённые или сложноподчинённые. В критериях IELTS такие
предложения называются complex sentences. Нужно, чтобы большинство
ваших предложений были complex, т.е. состояли из 2-х частей.

Чтобы их писать, используйте эти слова:

AS ALTHOUGH
IN ORDER TO BUT
SO AND
OR AFTER
BECAUSE WHEN

Слова сложнее:

IF WHILE
NOT ONLY DESPITE
SO THAT SO AS NOT TO
EVEN THOUGH
SINCE (в значении because)

Например,
For example, if you want to see a film in a megalopolis, you have to leave an hour
early, while people in small towns can get to the cinema in a few minutes.
In my opinion, there is some truth in the statement that we should protect animals
since (because) the main threat for wild nature is humans.

In conclusion, although a universal language may have several benefits, I believe

that the drawbacks are more significant.

I believe that even though some situations cannot be improved, it is still better
to at least make some attempts at change.
Лучше выбрать несколько слов из списка выше и научиться их правильно
использовать в предложении. Так вы повысите уровень вашего
письменного английского.
Также используйте WHICH (relative clauses), чтобы получить предложения
с двумя частями, связанные словом which.
The government should allocate more money to the constructions of roads which
would make the city centre less congested.

Automated vehicles are likely to become extremely common, which means that
people who used to drive such vehicles will be made redundant.
Итак, в эссе вам нужны разные грамматические конструкции, которые
естественно вписываются в текст и предложения, состоящие из 2-х частей -
complex sentences.
В каком стиле писать?
Формальный стиль (formal/neutral style)

Вы пишите a formal academic essay, а это значит, что вам нужен формальный
и нейтральный стиль изложения. Например, как в академической работе - в
курсовой. Эссе – не так формально, как юридический документ или
научный доклад, но также это не пост в соц. сетях, где неформальный язык.
Если вы НЕ уверены, как писать, пишите ФОРМАЛЬНО.
Что НЕ делать, и за что снижается балл?

▪ Сокращения НЕ пишем: isn’t, aren’t, don’t. Пишите полные формы: is

not, do not, are not
▪ Неформальные слова и выражения: kids, teens, lots of, pros and cons,
guys, I’m gonna write about …, it’s kinda expensive
▪ Идиомы! Они неформальны и в эссе их НЕ пишите: it costs an arm and
a leg
▪ Неформальные фразовые глаголы: relatives often fall out argue with
each other (ссорятся)
▪ Аббревиатуры: etc. (это слово вообще НЕ пишем), ASAP
▪ Эмоциональные прилагательные: super, outrageous, amazing,
unbelievable, terrible. Пишите нейтральные, например: significant, the
best, low-quality.
▪ НЕ пишите I will talk about … I want to write about … I want to tell you
▪ Лучше НЕ писать my cat, my family, т.е. слово my

Например, прочитаем этот параграф и отметим какой здесь стиль:

However, despite these drawbacks (нейтральное слово), I am convinced that
fame has far more benefits (нейтральное слово). One of the obvious ones is
that fame generally means being rich (нейтральное слово) as film stars or
famous sportsmen tend to be much wealthier (нейтральное слово – синоним
rich) than non-celebrities. This financial stability means having not only
luxurious mansions, private jets and costly designer clothes, but also
professional protection teams and the best home security solutions, which
ensures safety from paparazzi and stalkers. However, the most significant
benefit in my view is that celebrities have the power to influence other people.
That is to say that their actions incite reactions in others and their words carry
weight. For instance, Usain Bolt inspired children to take up sports and it was
because of his speeches and victories that the number of athletes in Jamaica
doubled. Therefore, famous people are able to endorse healthy lifestyles, raise
public awareness on various issues and persuade audiences to take action to
make improvements in their lives.
Самое неформальное слово здесь - take up sports. Это фразовый глагол, но
в этом контексте он подходит и использован правильно. Остальные слова
– нейтральные или формальные.
Идиомы в эссе НЕ пишем. Например,

The statement that talent exists in everyone is as old as the hills.

Это НЕформально и для эссе НЕ подходит. Звучит очень странно.

Убираем это и получается: it has been argued that talent exists in everyone.
Итак,

ПЛОХО ХОРОШО

didn’t did not

wasn’t was not
isn’t is not

I want to say that … It is said that…

Let’s discuss… It is argued that …

Kids In my view,
Teens I believe that…
Etc. Children
Fine Teenagers
It was outrageous! Effective
Emotional words Positive/negative
Slang
Informal phrasal verbs
Idioms
Как правильно перефразировать?
Многие IELTS студенты страдают обсессивно-компульсивным
расстройством перефразирования. Они перефразируют всё подряд и пишут
странные слова, чтобы ни в коем случае не повторить ни одного слова с
эссе. Если вы заметили у себя признаки этого расстройства, читайте дальше
очень внимательно:

Один из критериев эссе – Lexical Resource, куда входит использование

синонимов. Это НЕ значит, что нужно перефразировать всё и нельзя
повторять слова.

Если эссе про сахар, слово sugar будет в тексте много раз и это ОК. Можно
написать sweet products, sugary foods – прямые синонимы, но sugar есть
sugar. Запомните: За идиотские синонимы вы теряете баллы.
Если я, в попытках перефразировать sugar, напишу food with a lot of white
power … понятно, да?)) Бровь экзаменатора поднимется не в вашу пользу.

Как НЕ делать или примеры идиотских синонимов:

● Some people have speculated that in the near future there will be vehicles
that can be driven without a motorist behind the steering wheel.

● The second dismissive consequence of driverless cars is that …

● On the other hand, humans have to select work they love.

Что тут странно?

● Some people have speculated that in the near future there will be vehicles
that can be driven without a motorist behind the steering wheel.
driverless vehicles/vehicles operated without a driver

● The second dismissive consequence of drawback of driverless cars is

that …

● On the other hand, humans people/students have to select work they

love.

НЕ пишите humans вместо people

Ещё пример. Тема:

International sporting events promote peace between countries. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?
В теме promote peace. Как это перефразировать? Какие есть прямые
синонимы?
● Advance peace
● Not war

ВСЁ.
Если пишу establish friendships – уже НЕ то. Смысл меняется. Если напишу:
Firstly, one significant effect of sports on society is the fact that … - НЕ по теме,
т.к. в эссе international sporting events, а не спорт вообще.
Правильно: Firstly, one significant effect of international sporting
events/competitions on society is the fact that …
Если вы меняете смысл слов, вы теряете баллы. Используйте только
direct synonyms, которые сохраняют смысл слов в задании.
Например,

✔ Driverless cars - vehicles operated without a driver

✔ Important - crucial, essential, vital
✔ People - depends on the context: workers, citizens, pedestrians, students,
customers, colleagues
✔ Children - youngsters
✔ Video cameras - video surveillance, CCTV cameras

Если вы не знаете, как перефразировать или не можете подобрать

прямые синонимы, оставляйте слова как есть:

✔ Peace - Peace
✔ Sugar - Sugar
✔ Children - Children
✔ School - School

Не знаете синонима – меняйте часть речи

Например, fame (существительное) – famous (прилагательное)
safety – safe
a purchase – to purchase
Какие синонимы в этом параграфе?
Being a celebrity – such as a famous film star or sports personality – brings
problems as well as benefits. Do you think being a celebrity brings more benefits
or more problems?
On the one hand, there are two major drawbacks to being a celebrity. Firstly, there
is no privacy and once a person enters show business, they need to accept that
their life is no longer theirs. Fans and ruthless paparazzi follow celebrities
everywhere for exclusive photos and autographs, so a famous person is always in
the spotlight wherever they go. If Leonardo DiCaprio decides to sit on the park
bench with a book, the entire world would know and the pictures of him will be
all over the tabloids and the Internet. In addition, celebrity stalking, which is often
called “the dark side of fame”, is a significant issue these days. Famous people
are often harassed by obsessed fans or followers on the phone or mail, whose
behaviours range from sending threatening letters to assaults. Thus, due to
unwanted and intrusive attentions from stalkers, the personal safety of public
figures could be compromised.
Повторяются слова person, famous – и это ОК! Нет странных слов, чтобы их
заменить.

Как перефразировать вступление?

В первом параграфе мы перефразируем задание, т.е. где можем используем
синонимы, сохраняя смысл слов. Например, тема:
Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding
change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing. Discuss both
these views and give your own opinion.
Тут change – это change. Оставляем как есть. Можно написать:
While there are some strong arguments against change, I still believe that
changes are always for the better.
Перефразируем people prefer/think that, используя вот эти синонимы:

● Some people claim that …

● Certain people make the assumption that …
● Some people argue that …, while (but) others believe that …
 ● It is often said that …
● It is often argued that …
● It has been argued that …
Еще пример вступления и как нужно перефразировать:
Most people today own a smart phone. Is this a positive or negative development?

These days, mobile phones are not seen as luxury items, but as a necessity most
people have. I believe that this trend has a positive effect on society for three main
reasons.

Какие слова изменены:

Today these days
A smart phone mobile phones
Own have
Development trend

Прочитайте задание, вступление и заключение. Подчеркните

синонимы:
Being a celebrity – such as a famous film star or sports personality – brings
problems as well as benefits. Do you think being a celebrity brings more benefits
or more problems?
Introduction:
Fame is often considered to be like a dream come true which can either make or
break people. While there are certain downsides to being famous, including
having no privacy, I believe that these pressures are outweighed by the benefits.

Conclusion:
To conclude, while celebrities lack privacy and could suffer from unwanted
attention from paparazzi or stalkers, they are usually extremely wealthy and
highly influential people. Therefore, I would argue that there are more advantages
of fame than disadvantages.
Когда у вас возникает страстное желание написать “умное” слово, чтобы
НЕ повторяться, помните:

✔ Take it easy
✔ Качественное перефразирование - НЕзаметно
✔ Используйте прямые синонимы, сохраняющие значение слова
✔ Меняйте часть речи если не знаете синоним (pay - make a payment)
✔ Оставляйте слово как есть
✔ За идиотские синонимы вы теряете баллы
✔ Можно писать 1 слово несколько раз в эссе

Список синонимов для любых эссе

Important Essential, crucial, vital

Good Beneficial, useful, effective

Benefits Advantages, positives, a positive side, it is

advantageous, people benefit from …

Drawbacks Disadvantages, negatives, a negative side

Problems Issues, difficulties

Children Youngsters

People A person, individuals

workers, citizens, pedestrians, students, customers,
colleagues, clients, buyers, the public, consumers

Bad Negative, harmful, damaging, ineffective, unhealthy,

a detrimental effect on (bad effect),

People think that Some people claim that …

Some people argue that …,
It is often said that …
It is often argued that …
It has been argued that …
 Hold the view that …

I think I believe
I would argue that
I tend to think that
In my view, …

Today, These days, Nowadays,

Many Numerous, a large number of

Products Goods, items

Buy Purchase, consume, make a purchase

Effect … has a positive influence on …, … influences …

… has a negative impact on …
Какие слова писать на высокий балл?
Давайте проанализируем пример эссе и посмотрим какие в нем есть слова
и выражения на баллы 7-9.

Задание:
Scientists say that in the future humanity will speak the same language.
Do you think this is a positive or negative social development?

Крутые слова выделены желтым:

The increasing use of some languages has led to a prospect that the world may
speak one language in the future. While this has several advantages, I believe that
it is an overall negative trend.

On the one hand, it is true that having a universal language may remove
communication barriers among people all over the world. When everyone speaks
the same language, this would result in fewer misunderstandings caused by
people using different languages to convey their thoughts. The benefits of a
universal dialect may reverberate across the globe, as people could work for
overseas companies, travel to exotic places or live in a foreign country without
encountering any breakdowns in communication. In this way, a predominant
language may bridge the gap between diverse groups of people and form a global
village where individuals can live in harmony with each other.

On the other hand, I contend that the above positive impacts are negated by
potential problems. Primarily, if one language were spoken by all people, this
would cause the loss of cultural diversity that makes human society interesting.
When a language is marginalized, a whole way of life may disappear with it,
which includes history, customs and social etiquette. For example, the widespread
use of English has put some minor and indigenous languages in Africa on the
verge of extinction. Without proactive actions to preserve those languages,
society might witness the disappearance of the whole culture that has evolved
over the course of human history.

In conclusion, although a universal language may have several benefits, I firmly

believe that the drawbacks are more significant.

С первого взгляда ничего особенного и некоторые слова кажутся

достаточно простыми. Если же мы вчитаемся, то видно, что словосочетания
уровня Advanced использованы верно, и в нужном контексте. Есть
интересные/четкие глаголы и прилагательные. Фразы, например, convey
their thoughts, I contend that добавляют разнообразие и качество.
На высокий балл нужен так называемый topical vocabulary, т.е. если тема
про здоровье, вы пишите слова и выражения про здоровье – keep fit, lead a
sedentary lifestyle (сидячий), suffer from diseases. Если тема преступления,
пишите слова про преступления, а не общие фразы – commit crimes,
offenders (правонарушители), to be given a death sentence. Тем самым вы
демонстрируете, что знаете крутые слова по этой теме.

Как набрать слова по темам?

Проще и эффективнее читать примеры хороших эссе на разные темы. В
одном эссе будет много фраз и слов по теме, из которых вы выбираете те
слова, которые можете запомнить и использовать на экзамене, если
попадётся эта тема. Прочитав 2-3 эссе про здоровье, выписывайте 7-10 слов,
словосочетаний и фраз на эту тему, которые вы реально можете запомнить
и правильно написать. Оставьте ваши “мне нужно это слово, но я не могу
его запомнить и мне обязательно нужны все эти 45 слов”.

1 Тема = 7-10 слов, которые лично вы можете запомнить и правильно

написать в эссе.

Тут одно НО! Тем эссе много … и, этот процесс может занять некоторое
время. Если времени мало, прочитайте хотя бы одно эссе на определенную
тему и выпишите 3-4 слова.

Одна из самых “диких” тем IELTS эссе – Crime. Мало кто знает
тематическую лексику и, если она попадётся на тесте, может настигнуть
отчаяние. Для вашего спокойствия, вот крутые слова. Выбирайте 7-10
слов, которые сможете запомнить и правильно написать в нужном
контексте:

Слова для Эссе про Crime

Causes of crime and re-offending (совершать преступление ещё раз):

⮚ Many prisoners re-offend (повторно совершают преступлении) when

they are released.
⮚ The main causes of crime are poverty, unemployment and lack of
education.
⮚ Offenders mix with other criminals who can be a negative influence.
⮚ People who commit crimes often have no other way of making a living.
⮚ The prison system can make the situation worse.
 ⮚ A criminal record makes finding a job more difficult.

Possible measures to reduce crime and re-offending:

⮚ Community service is a way to reform offenders.

⮚ Prisons should provide education or vocational training.
⮚ They might be required to talk to school groups or clean public areas.
⮚ Rehabilitation programmes prepare prisoners for release into society.
⮚ It makes offenders useful in their local communities.
⮚ Offenders also need help when looking for accommodation and work.

commit crimes serve a term

reformed individuals ex-prisoners
past criminal records get into crime
commit crimes like burglary, extortion, robbery and blackmailing
reformed criminals place people in prison for longer periods
a prison sentence rehabilitate a prisoner
committing a crime to deter crime - очень крутое слово!
deter teenagers from committing crimes = prevent teenagers from committing
crimes
break the law reformed criminals
get released from jail an employee with criminal record

Punishments/Prisons
Fines are used as punishment for minor crimes.
If the crime is more serious, prison is the most common punishment.
Some criminals pose a threat to society.
They are put in prison to ensure the safety of other citizens.
Лайфхаки по IELTS эссе
1. 40 минут

У вас 60 минут на 2 письменных задания экзамена. Вы сами распределяете

своё время, но есть рекомендации: 20 минут на первое задание и 40 на
эссе, т.к. эссе длиннее и даёт вам больше баллов, нужно именно 40 минут,
чтобы написать хорошо. На самом деле даже больше, но у нас только 1
час. Следите, чтобы у вас было НЕ меньше 40 минут, когда вы начинаете
эссе.

2. 240-280 слов

В задании пишут, что нужно написать минимум 250 слов, но ОК если вы

пишите 240. Обычно пишем 260-280. Это реально написать за 40 минут.
Лимита НЕТ и можно написать больше.

3. Сколько у меня слов?

Трюк, чтобы не тратить время на подсчет слов

Пишем эссе на бланке Task 2 и считаем слова. Запоминаем то место на

листе, где вы написали 250-ое слово (или 270-ое). На экзамене во что бы то
ни стало пишем до этого места. Можно посчитать количество строчек,
которые вам, с вашим почерком, нужно исписать, чтобы было 250-280
слов.

4. Важно внимательно читать задание и его понять: КАЖДОЕ

слово в задании важно

ДО того как начать писать, нужно глубинно понять задание: какая тема?
Какой вопрос? Или их два? Спрашивают про мою точку зрения или нет?
Есть ли в задании подвох?

Чтобы правильно понять тему и вопросы эссе, сформулируйте их своими

словами, перефразируйте.

5. Читаю задание эссе, перед тем как написать новый параграф

Это поможет вам писать по теме и “оставаться” с этой темой (stay on topic).
Если писать не по теме, оценка будет сильно снижена. Пока пишите,
спрашивайте себя: отвечаю ли я на вопрос эссе?

6. Проверять глупые ошибки

В идеале у вас остаётся 1-3 минуты, чтобы исправить опечатки, s в глаголах,
артикли, запятые – наше любимое, где чаще всего делаем ошибки.
Если вы знаете, что у вас не очень spelling, то в эти минуты проверяйте
ТОЛЬКО spelling. Мы часто НЕ можем проверить ВСЁ – нет времени или
внимание уже закончилось. Так что эффективно выбирать 1 тему на
проверку (артикли) и проверять только их.

7. Не списывайте задание эссе в ваш ответ

Если мы скопируем задание в формате copy-paste, это будут НЕ ваши слова

и оцениваться они не будут (экзаменатор их просто не засчитает). Своими
словами перефразируйте задание.
НЕ нужно перефразировать каждое слово!
Если эссе про сахар – sugar, то sugar – это sugar. ВСЁ. Да, мы будем
постоянно писать sugar – OK. Можно написать sweet drinks/sugary food.
За идиотские синонимы вы теряете баллы
People – это people, а не humans, ок?)) Можно написать humans в контексте
люди против роботов.

8. Перефразируйте то, что можете

Используйте синонимы: important, essential, crucial, vital. Можно

запомнить основные синонимы, которые часто используются в эссе (см.
выше синонимы для advantages/disadvantages, problems/solutions)

9. Параграфы

Обязательно нужны параграфы:

● Вступление
● Основная часть (2 или 3 §)
● Заключение

Структура параграфов:
1 параграф = 1 основная идея + причины / пояснение + примеры
Выбираем идею, расшифровываем её, объясняем и пишем детали. Потом
ПРИМЕР, который её иллюстрирует. Это выглядит примерно так:
(1) One problem about living in a big city is the amount of time spent on getting
from one place to another. (2) Living in large cities means that it takes at least
an hour to get from your house to where you want to go, which could be tiring
and time-consuming. (3) For example, if you want to see a film in a megalopolis,
you have to leave an hour early, while people in small towns can get to the cinema
in a few minutes.
(1) - Основная идея - проблема
(2) - Её раскрытие, объяснение + детали (which could be tiring and time-
consuming)
(3) - Пример, который иллюстрирует основную идею

10. Примеры

Ваше эссе должно включать ПРИМЕРЫ! Это написано в задании. Если их

нет – задание вы выполняете не полностью, и оценка снижается.
Что такое примеры в вашем эссе?

● Children should eat less junk food such as burgers and chips.

● I agree that money is important to meet the basic people’s needs. For
example, we need money to pay for housing, health care, and education.

11. Планируем (см. метод выше)

Важно правильно понять тему. Если неверно поняли задание и пишите не

по теме, теряете много баллов. Поэтому, ваш первый шаг – это вникнуть в
тему, проговорить её своими словами и только этого начинать писать.
Что написать? Сколько параграфов? Какая ваша точка зрения? Перед тем,
как начать эссе, важно уделить 2-3 минуты и подумать.
Разборы IELTS Эссе с комментариями
Although more and more people read news on the Internet, newspapers will
remain the most important source of news. Do you agree or disagree?
The Internet is beginning to rival newspapers as the best place to find information
about what is happening in the world. I believe that this trend will continue, and
the Internet will soon be just as important as the traditional press.
(Перефразированное задание - 1 предложение, и чёткая позиция – 1
предложение: несогласие т.к. интернет будет так же важен, как и
пресса)
On the one hand, I believe that newspapers will continue to be a vital source of
information, even in the Internet age. This is because newspapers are the most
traditional means of communicating the news (объяснение причины почему
newspapers will continue to be a vital source of information), and not
everyone wants to or is able to use the Internet instead (добавление про
интернет). For example, old people or those in rural areas might not have the
ability or opportunity to get online, while many of us simply prefer newspapers
even if we do have Internet access (пример, иллюстрирующий объяснение
выше: кто и где и что делает).
However, the Internet is likely to become just as popular as newspapers for a
variety of reasons. (другая точка зрения про Интернет). The main reason is
that it allows people much faster access to news in real time and wherever we are,
on different gadgets and mobile devices (объяснение этой позиции). Another
key benefit of online news compared to newspapers is the ability to share articles,
discuss them with other people, give our views, and even contribute with our own
updates on social media. (ещё одно объяснение этой же позиции про
Интернет). For example, there has been an explosion in the use of platforms like
Twitter and YouTube where anyone can share their news and views (пример,
иллюстрирующий объяснение выше с названиями соц. сетей – да, это
примеры!).
In conclusion, I disagree with the view that newspapers will continue to be the
main source of news. This is due to the fact that the Internet will soon be equally
important and people all over the globe would use both online and printed news.
(заключение, чётко пишем нашу позицию – отвечаем на вопрос эссе –
agree or disagree?)
Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign
language at primary school rather than secondary school.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Traditionally, children have begun studying foreign languages at secondary

school, but introducing them earlier is recommended by some educationalists
(виртуозный перефраз задания с синонимами, идея такая же как и в
задании). This policy has been adopted by some educational authorities or
individual schools, with both positive and negative outcomes (позиция автора
– и за и против- чёткий ответ на вопрос задания).

The obvious argument in its favour is that young children pick up languages much
more easily than teenagers (первое преимущество/advantage и в чём оно
заключается). Their brains are still programmed to acquire their mother tongue,
which facilitates learning another language, and unlike adolescents, they are not
inhibited by self-consciousness (объяснение идеи - children pick up languages
much more easily than teenagers – что это значит? и сравнение с
подростками). Тут ещё можно написать пример того, чем мозг детей
отличается от мозга подростков в изучении языков: дети запоминают
больше слов...)
The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent, shorter
sessions and for a play-centered approach, thus maintaining learners’ enthusiasm
and progress (второе преимущество/advantage и в чём оно заключается).
Their command of the language in later life will benefit from this early exposure,
while learning other languages subsequently will be easier for them. They may
also gain a better understanding of other cultures (это результаты – что
произойдёт если дети будут учить язык в начальной школе). Заметим,
что здесь слов я связки: while (контраст), also – их достаточно т. к.
текст связан и идеи всплывают одна из другой.

There are, however, some disadvantages (переходим к недостаткам). Primary

school teachers are generalists, and may not have the necessary language skills
themselves (недостаток / аргумент против того, чтобы дети учили ин
язык в начале). If specialists have to be brought in to deliver these sessions, the
flexibility referred to above is diminished. If primary language teaching is not
standardized, secondary schools could be faced with a great variety of levels in
different languages within their intake (пример), resulting in a classroom
experience which undoes the earlier gains (объяснения идеи, и что может
случится если ... - результат).

In conclusion, anything which encourages language learning benefits society

culturally and economically, and early exposure to language learning contributes
to this. Young children’s innate abilities should be harnessed to make these
benefits more achievable (заключение: перефразируем вступление и
пишем про benefits, но эти benefits нужно сделать more achievable т.к
есть и недостатки – это имеется в виду. Тут можно написать проще:
there are benefits in …, but there are certain drawbacks …)
Примеры ответов с комментариями по 4
критериям и общим баллом за ответ.
In many countries women and men are working full time. It is therefore, logical
for women and men to share household works. To what extend do you agree or
disagree?
Corrections: disput (incorrect) dispute (correct)
Nowadays, in every part of the world women and men spent spend their whole
time at work. It is better to divide some important housework between women
and men. I suggest that it is reasonable to do such things together or to share them
between each other because if men help helped their wives, women would spent
spend their free time playing with children. In addition, women which who take
help from her man their husbands/partners can feel more self-confident in their
relationships. (Good to include your opinion answering the essay question in
the introduction)
The introduction is too long: it’s better to write 2 sentences here.
First of all, parents should pay enough attention on to their youngsters. If women
have had time out of household works, she they would play with children. It is
very vital to feel that parents love you and that they want to spent spend time
with you, but not all parents have their own free time to do it. Sometimes relatives
(parents?) can not cannot only play with a child, but also teach something
educational and useful. Children will feel needed and calm. According to
scientific research, children which who have a pleasant sufficient attention from
their parents become happier.
Be more focused on the task and start this paragraph like this:
It is beneficial for women and men to share their household works because …
It’s safer to avoid research and write: It is well known that children who ...

Secondly, every wife is thankful when her husband help helps her and do does
something at home. Some of these women become more self-confident, because
they have more free time to take care of herself themselves. She could go to a
beauty saloon salon, massage, fitness or to meet her friends. For women it is very
necessary to feel that her partner supported supports her. Famous writer Levis
Gost wrote an article about women which whose husbands help them at home.
He said that women is are very proud of this marriage and their mental health is
calm more stable.
To summarise, as for me I believe that partners should help each other and share
routine homework housework/household chores. Women who have more free
time would spent spend these this time on their relatives family and would be
very grateful.

Task Response 5.0-6.0

You give a clear answer to the question and your main ideas are relevant.
However, idea development is not always clear.
Make sure that your supporting ideas are relevant and explain the main idea.
Be more focused on the essay task in the 2nd paragraph.
Avoid writing about “research” and write: it is well known that…

Coherence/Cohesion 5.0-6.0
It is not always easy to understand how your ideas are connected with each other.
This is probably because you do not use enough linking words and phrases.

Lexical Resource 5.0-6.0

Good language is highlighted in the text.
Sufficient to express some main ideas, but the range is limited and there are many
mistakes in word choice.
You tend to repeat the same words, you should use synonyms and paraphrase
more effectively for a higher score: household chores, their spouse, devote more
time to, have their nails done, leisure time, I tend to think that…

Grammatical Range and Accuracy 5.0

Good to use If sentences, but use them correctly: the 1st or the 2nd conditional?
Pay attention to Verb+ Subject agreement: is or are/do or does?
Use pronouns correctly: she or they? Herself or themselves?
Use various passive structures, Present Perfect and more modal verbs to get a
high score.

Overall, you should work on the organisation of your ideas, being more
focused on the essay task and your grammar/vocabulary to achieve a higher
score.

Band: 5.0-5.5
Many people believe that we should protect all wild animals while others believe
we should just protect some of them. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

In the modern world, we are discussing ecology problems (ecological or

environmental problems) more and more frequently. Protection of wild species
in one of these. (Better one sentence: In the modern world, we are discussing
ecological problems more and more frequently, protection of wild species
being one of them). Some people opine that society should defend all variety of
species, meantime, others say that we need to concentrate on protection of really
rare animals. In my opinion, there is some truth in the statement that we should
protect them all since the main threat for wild nature is humans.

First of all, people who say that we may (should/ought to) protect only extinct
animals, consider that society do does not have enough resources for preservation
al of wild variety preserving a wide variety of species. So, if animal defenders
concentrate on some of spices, they will have, indeed, a higher chance to really
help them and rescue them form from extinction. For instance, Greenpeace
programs, as a rule, are devoted to a certain rare animal which they want to save.

On the other hand, protection protecting only some of the species is not always
enough (add your opinion here: I agree with the view that protecting only
some of the species is not always enough). Why had not we protected animals
before they are were on the line of extinction? Protection of wild nature in general
may help to save a variety of nature and, as a consequence, (commas) the balance
of Earth ecosystem. Moreover, the main threat for wild animals is the
consequences of industrialization like pollution of water and air (water and air
pollution), dumps and so on (better write one more example instead of so on);
and other human influence. Thus, probably, the best way to protect wild nature is
just stop to harm its inhabitants. In this way, we might protect not only rare
species, but all animal’s diversity.

To summarize, nowadays people do not have common opinions whenever

whether we need to protect all species or only a/some part of them. However, I
think, society should not choose who will be rescued, but try to protect them all.
If all society institutions such as governments, volunteer organizations, and
others on the Earth worked in this point together, we would save so important
our planet’s ecosystem which is so important.

Task Response
Good to include your opinion in the introduction and conclusion.
You supported your ideas with examples.
In the 2nd paragraph, you should explain what you mean by society does not have
enough resources for preserving all wild animals species. Add one sentence
starting with: This means that …
The examiner should understand what resources you write about. So, make sure
you explain your main ideas well in all the body paragraphs.
It’s better to write your opinion in the 3rd paragraph: I support the view that…

Coherence/Cohesion
Clear paragraphing.
Avoid short sentences and connect a short sentence to the previous one.
You have used linking words to connect your ideas.
Careful with commas.

Lexical Resource
Good language is highlighted in the text.
You have used some good topical vocabulary.
Careful with collocations and certain phrases, see the corrections in the text.

Grammatical Range and Accuracy

Good to use conditionals, Past Perfect, some Passives, complex sentences and
modal verbs.
Careful with articles and ‘s’; think if the word is singular or plural e.g., others
believe that …
Keep making your essay more accurate to achieve a higher score.

Band: 6.5
Some people say that the only reason for learning a foreign language is in
order to travel to or work in a foreign country. Others say that these are not
the only reasons why someone should learn a foreign language.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Nowadays, the trend of learning a foreign language is becoming more and more
popular. One part of the society believes that Some people claim that a new
language gives only the opportunity to travel and work in a foreign country, while
others assume that it can positively influence people’s development and enrich
their knowledge of cultures. What’s your position? You should write which
of these views you support.

To begin with, the supporters of the first position state that for the majority of
people the main stimulus to learn a foreign language is to open new opportunities
or get promotion at work thanks to knowing another language. Since they will be
able to travel to other company’s branch offices and may get (receive/obtain) a
higher salary (Since is the wrong word to use OR you should continue this
sentence after salary; or make this sentence part of the previous one). For
instance, it is a well-known fact that the employees working at the Moscow
Google office earn less money than their Russian colleagues in the London
branch who use English on a daily basis. Moreover, the knowledge of a certain
language might help people to find their feet abroad if they apply to study at the
foreign university. As a result, the student will be able not only to communicate
with the groupmates in English, but also to make friends with local people.

On the other hand, there are those I agree with those who suppose that there are
also other significant reasons to learn a foreign language. Firstly, these people
persist that knowledge of several languages develops people as well as their
minds. Some studies may exemplify how differs the level of intellect of those
who can speak only one language differs from people who know at least one
more than their mother tongue. Also, another great (avoid informal words)
cause for learning a new language is to understand the country’s culture and
local’s habits, which will definitely help to liberalize and become broad-minded,
being a good company. For example, in the past times it was (used to be)
necessary to know several languages and to understand other cultures to be
considered by well-educated people as an intelligent person.
All in all, it can be stated that there are different opinions on this topic. (start a
new sentence) Some may say that a foreign language creates great opportunities
for studying and working abroad, while others will insist that there are far more
reasons to start learning a new language. My personal point of view is that the
two main grounds are the increasing chances of studying and working abroad,
however, there are also others other reasons that should be also taken into
account. You can make this paragraph more concise.

Task Response
Write which view you support in the introduction: I believe that … I support
the view that …
It’s better to write your opinion in the 3 rd paragraph: I support the view that …
You address the task, cover the two views and give your opinion in the
conclusion.
You support your ideas with reasons and examples.
However, make the example clearer in the 2nd paragraph or the examiner may not
understand how the example illustrates your main idea.

Coherence/Cohesion
Clear paragraphing.
Know how since should be used as it is hard to understand that passage and the
connection of your ideas. Make sure that all parts of the essay are easy for the
examiner to read and understand.
Some effective linking.
Know when to start a new sentence.

Lexical Resource
You have used some good vocabulary and collocations.
Avoid informal words.

Grammatical Range and Accuracy

Good to use conditionals, complex sentences, modals and various tense forms.
Use Present Perfect and more Passives (Present Perfect Passive, for instance) to
vary grammar structures even more.
Keep making your essay more accurate to achieve a higher score for this criterion.

Band: 7.0
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:

Some people think it is best to accept a bad situation, such as an

unsatisfactory job or a shortage of money. Others argue that it is better to try
and improve such situations.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge or experience.

In this day and age, there is a commonly held perception that individuals should
accept what life has given them, be it pecuniary issues or a job that does not bring
satisfaction. Notwithstanding this, it is not uncommon to come across an the
opinion that it is better to find a way to rise (rise up) in the world (is it the same
as improve bad life situations?). From my point of view, although in some cases
it might seem impossible to change a bad situation for the better, it would be
advisable to at least strive to alleviate the current state of affairs. In what follows,
I will explore the rationale for both beliefs as well as proffer justification for my
own stance.

A concise example: Today, many people are facing hard times which they either
have to accept or work on changing. However, while some people believe that it
is more beneficial to accept unpleasant situations in life, I side with those who
think that making improvements in such situations is a better option.

Purportedly, there are situations when nothing can be done to improve the status
quo and if an individual accepts the life as it is, they are likely to be more satisfied
with it. This might seem reasonable for countries which experience dire economic
hurdles. A salient example of this is the republic of Burundi, where the vast
majority of the population live below the poverty line. Due to the absence of any
prospects for improving the quality of life, most citizens have no choice but to
focus on their survival. However, it would probably not be an exaggeration to
assert that such cases are quite rare and it would be better to strive for a better
quality of life whenever it might be feasible.

A good paragraph with a clear progression and an example to illustrate your

point.
Sensible though the aforementioned approach may be, I side with those who
believe that living conditions (don't limit this to living conditions; the essay
task is about unfortunate life situations) can be changed through consistent
efforts. Numerous are examples of countries which were negatively impacted by
wars. Nonetheless, the inhabitants of such countries worked arduously and
achieved success. A pertinent example in this regard is Japan, which was
devastated after World War II and still managed to become one of the world's
leading economies thereafter. It could be attributed to the fact that the Japanese
did not resign themselves to their situation, but worked hard to mitigate it. As a
result, many Japanese companies are now technological world leaders in many
areas. This illustrates the efficiency of attempts to overcome the hurdles, no
matter how insurmountable they may seem.

The essay task has an unsatisfactory job/lack of money, so why not mention
these ideas? I feel you limit the idea to living conditions/after war life after
war and your example about Japan stretches to several sentences.
In conclusion, while there are some instances when it might be pragmatic to
accept the situation as it is, I am utterly convinced that it is advisable to at least
strive to improve one's life.

I am completely convinced that sounds much better. Could you research what
adverbs (completely/absolutely/utterly) we can use with what
adjectives? So, the most common collocations.
Example: In conclusion, although acceptance might sometimes seem to be the
best option, it is still better to at least make some attempts at change (2 views
first). Therefore, on balance, I believe that people should strive to take control of
what they can and make improvements.

Task Response 7.0-8.0

The introduction could be more concise.

Careful with ideas: not about living conditions in the 3rd paragraph, but about
unfavorable life situations.
Great to write about the other view and your opinion.

Coherence/Cohesion 7.0-8.0
Clear paragraphs and some effective linking.
Lexical Resource 8.0
Good language is highlighted in the text.

Rise up in the world and unpleasant situations in life are NOT the same. Make
sure you paraphrase the task closely to the task.
Notice what synonyms are used in the essay below.

Grammatical Range and Accuracy 8.0

Good to use complex sentences, relative clauses, Present Perfect, modal verbs
and passives.

Careful with articles.

Band: 7.5-8.0
Due to the rapid technological development, land vehicles, such as cars, buses
and trucks will be automatically driven by artificial intelligence without the
intervention of a human driver. In my opinion, driverless cars will bring far more
benefits than the possible drawbacks. Clear!
On the one hand, the possible downside of autonomous vehicles might be the
job cuts. It is an indisputable fact that nowadays a number of people across the
world serve their societies as drivers. It could be argued that if drivers are replaced
by artificial intelligence, a sizeable proportion of people will turn become jobless.
In the wake of mechanization, numerous people might not be able to change their
professions quickly, especially the older ones, as acquiring new knowledge and
skills takes time and quick-thinking (which they may lack). A strong idea here!
You developed it well.

However, … (you need an introductory sentence here first: However, I

believe there are more benefits of driverless cars.) And then your 2nd
sentence with the first benefit: When it comes to road safety, technology-made
mistakes are by far fewer than those made by people. Human factors, including
driving under the influence, being fatigued while driving or the inability to react
fast in a dangerous situation, are responsible for thousands of accidents, which
might lead to unimprovable (deadly, dire, fatal) consequences. With the
introduction of automated cars, the number of casualties will (is highly likely to)
reduce remarkably, making the roads safer. On top of that, (a bit informal; In
addition,) millions of roubles and hours will be saved since businesses would
reduce operating expenses and individuals would no longer need to learn to drive.
Learning to drive and taking out (getting, obtaining) a driver’s license is usually
expensive and a prospective driver normally spends hours before he or she can
drive by themselves. You should also explain what you mean by “businesses
would reduce operating expenses” OR better to remove this idea.
In conclusion, although driverless vehicles could increase the unemployment rate,
they have many great benefits, including road safety and economic advantages.
Thus, probable shortcomings of autonomous cars are overshadowed by their
beneficial aspects.

It’s safer to use these ones on advantages/disadvantages essays:

Benefits and drawbacks

Positive aspects/points
Negative aspects
Downsides
It can be advantageous to
It is beneficial to drive
People benefit from

278 words

Task Response 7.0

Your position is clear and you wrote 1 drawback and 2 benefits.

In the 3rd paragraph: the idea of “businesses would reduce operating expenses”
is not developed at all. I’d remove it as you have a good one about learning to
drive which you do explain.
Coherence/Cohesion 7.0

Clear paragraphs.

You can start the 2nd paragraph with “On the one hand, …”
If you have 2 benefits in 1 paragraph, you should start with a topic sentence e.g.,
However, I believe there are more benefits of driverless cars. Firstly, … (your
major benefit)
Lexical Resource 7.0

Good language is highlighted in the text.

Some errors in collocations.
Grammatical Range and Accuracy 7.0
Good to use complex sentences, relative clauses, modal verbs and passives.

Be likely to is a useful one and helps to make the statement less direct.

Band: 7.0