SUBJUNCTIVE+PRACTICE

IX. THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD Conjunctivul a disprut aproape complet n englez. Se mai pstreaz anumite forme mai ales la trecut pentru a exprima ndoiala, regretul sau situaiile ireale. Form A. Subjonctivul sintetic prezent Subjonctivul prezent are aceeai form ca Infinitivul fr TO. Are aceeai form pentru toate persoanele. God save the king! They be damned! Se folosete: 1. pentru a exprima dorine, urri sau exclamaii devenite expresii Heaven help us all! Be that as it may! God forgive/bless you! Damn you! God bless you! 2. n propoziiile condiionale If this be true, we must inform the authorities. 3. n propoziiile subordonate introduse de THAT cnd n propoziia principal se exprim o dorin, o cerere, o obligaie, o necesitate - n propoziii completive directe dup urmtoarele verbe: to suggest, order, demand, urge, recommend, insist, command, propose, arrange, decide, agree, arrange, determine I insist that he go. (Insist s se duc) She urged that he sit down and listen crefully. - n propoziiile subiective dup urmtoarele construcii impersonale: it is natural, important, advisable, necessary, possible, impossible It is important that he go. It is necessary that your friend arrive there first.

B. Subjonctivul sintetic trecut Subjonctivul trecut are aceeai form ca i trecutul simplu. Verbul be are forma were pentru toate persoanele. Its time we went home. I wish he were nicer.

C. Subjonctivul sintetic mai mult ca perfect Subjonctivul mai mult ca perfect are aceeai form ca mai mult ca perfectul. We wished we had had better weather.

Se folosete: 1. n propoziiile condiionale pentru a exprima un Condiional prezent sau un Condiional trecut If I were you, I would try to talk to her. The children will like this film if they saw it. I would have bought that book if I had found it. 2. pentru a exprima irealitatea dup wish, as if/though, even if/though, would rather/sooner, its high time, suppose (that)

WISH Wish + Would +Infinitiv (nu este un subjonctiv!) exprim o dorin n viitor I wish he would write to me. Wish + Past Tense Simple - pentru a indica o situaie nereal n prezent (regret pentru o aciune sau situaie care se produce sau nu) I wish they agreed to my proposal. - wish + could What a pity! I wish you could sing. - cu referire la obiceiuri, stri prezente i aciuni regulate I wish I got up early in the morning. - wish + past tense continuous cu referire la aciuni care se desfoar la momentul prezent sau aciuni care continu pe o perioad care include i momentul prezent I wish he were playing in the park. - wish + was going to pentru referine n viitor I wish I was going to do the housework tomorrow. wish + Past Perfect cu referire la situaii dorite dar care nu se pot realiza sau pentru aciuni n trecut He wishes he had bought his newspaper. wished + Past Tense - cele dou aciuni sunt simultane She wished she werent ill. wished + Past Perfect cnd aciunea dorit se produce sau nu nainte de momentul trecut exprimat de wished Mary wished she hadnt been ill during her holiday. Main Clause Subjunctive Form I wish = a vrea 1. You came = s vii I wished = a fi vrut would come now = ce n-a da s vii had come yesterday = s fi venit AS IF/THOUGH

 As if/thorugh + Past Tense Simple - pentru a indica nesigurana sau dubiul n prezent (aciuni contrare faptului prezent) He behaves as if he were a teacher. As if + Past Tense of Going to pentru situaii ipotetice n viitor He talks as if it were going to rain. As if + Past Perfect pentru a indica ndoiala, incertitudinea n legtur cu o aciune trecut (aciune contrar faptului trecut) She talks/ talked as if/ as though she had bought it.

Main Clause Subjunctive Form He is/was walking as if he did not know - simultan as though he had already known -anterior

WOULD RATHER / SOONER Would rather + Infinitiv (persoana care exprim preferina este aceeai cu subiectul aciunii care urmeaz) Bill would rather play tennis than football. Would rather + Infinitiv perfect (acelai subiect) She would rather have travelled by plane. Would rather + Past Tense Simple (subiectul lui would rather este diferit de subiectul aciunii care urmeaz) I would rather you got up early. Would rather + Past Perfect (subiecte diferite) I would rather they had left on time. Would rather + would + infinitiv (cu referire la un eveniment dorit n viitor) I would rather you would come tomorrow. IF ONLY If only + Past Tense pentru dorine care se refer fie la prezent fie la viitor, n special cu verbe care exprim aciuni obinuite, obiceiuri sau stri If only she didnt eat so much! If only + Past Tense Continuous pentru a indica o dorin care se refer la viitor sau prezent If only I were leaving, too. If only + Past Perfect pentru a exprima un regret pentru o aciune care nu s-a produs If only they had come, this wouldnt have happened. If only + Would + Infinitiv pentru a exprima o dorin n legtur cu viitorul dar fr speran If only he would buy me a watch! If only + Present / Future Tense ca unechivalent pentrupropoziiile care ncep cu HOPE I hope she will come in time. If only she comes in time!

ITS TIME Its Time + Past Tense Simple Its time you finished reading the newspaper. Its time + Past Tense Continuous pentru a accentua natura progresiv a aciunii Its time you were decorating your house. Its time + For + Infinitiv a sosit timpul s faci ceva Its time for you to have lunch. Its time + Past Tense este deja cam trziu s mai faci ceva Its time you had your lunch. Main Clause Subjunctive Form I would rather/sooner = a prefera he left now = s plece If only = mcar dac Suppose = dac cumva! He had arrived = s fi sosit It is high time = e vremea s D. Subjonctivul analitic Subjonctivul analitic este mai des folosit dect cel sintetic i poate aprea att n subordonat ct i n propoziia principal. Este format dintr-un verb modal shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could i Infinitivul Prezent sau Perfect. Se folosete: Shall + Infinitiv Shall I help you with your homework? They have decided that you shall go there. (you must go) Should + Infinitiv in main clauses Why should they come so early? Should + Infinitiv dup urmtoarele construcii: it is/was important, necessary, natural, surprising, advisable Its necessary that you should be present. Should + Infinitiv dup urmtoarele verbe: to demand, insist, command, propose, request, suggest They suggested that you should tell them the truth. Should + Infinitiv n propoziii subordonate de scop introduse de lest, for fear (that), in case We left in a hurry lest she should see us there. (= ca s nu ne vad) Where would you sleep in case you should miss the train? Should + Infinitiv n propoziii subordonate atributive His desire that no one should enter that room surprised us. Should + Infinitiv n propoziii concesive introduse de though, although, whatever Whatever she should say, dont contradict her. May/ Might + Infinitiv in main clauses May all your dreams come true! Just imagine, next year we might have a car! May/ Might + Infinitiv n propoziii subordonate dup urmtoarele construciiit is/was possible, probable, likely

It is probable that our friend might have known you. It is possible that she may come today. May/ Might + Infinitiv n propoziii subordonate de scop introduse de that, in order that, so that He took a seat in the first row so that he might hear the actors well. May/ Might + Infinitiv n propoziii subordonate concesive introduse de though, although, however, whatever, no matter However painful it may be to you, you must know the truth. No matter how expensive that car might be she still wants to buy it. Would + Infinitiv n propoziii completive directe dup wish They wish we would pay them a visit. Would + Infinitiv n propoziii subordonate de scop She learnt all the new words so that she would be able to translate the text. Could + Infinitiv pentru a exprima scopul, ca o alternativ la may/might, avnd un grad mai mare de certitudine She studied a lot so that she could pass the difficult exam. Exerciii Punei verbele din paranteze la forma corect: past tense simple, past perfect sau would + infinitiv: 1. We had lots of fun at the party. I wish you (be) there, too. 2. The plants need a lot of water at this time of the year and it hasnt rained for a long time. I wish it (rain) now. 3. I wish my mother (be) here now to help me. 4. Tom forgot to buy the sports newspaper this morning. He wishes he (buy) it, as he doesnt know the football results. 5. We wish the teacher (explain) the grammar rules again next week. 6. Id like to go to the concert, but I havent got a ticket. I wish I (buy) one this morning. 7. The lecturer is already half an hour late. We wish he (come). 8. I didnt like the film yesterday. I wish I (not stay) up to the end. 9. I wish you (pay) more attention to your spelling in the future. 10. I wish I (follow) the doctors advice. I wouldnt be so ill now. 11. The teacher wishes someone (offer) to bring some coloured chalk to school tomorrow. 12. I wish you (inform) me about this matter several months ago. Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba romn: 1. I wish you would listen more carefully to your teacher. 2. Do you wish they had sent you a card? 3. I wished she had posted this letter for me. 4. Dont your friends wish you would go on the trip with them? 5. Mother wishes I got better marks at school. 6. The little boys wished they were allowed to swim in the lake. 7. Dont you wish it were summer now? 8. Doesnt your teacher wish you would improve your pronunciation? Punei verbele din paranteze la forma corect: 1. He is speaking as if he (answer) an examination. 2. I always get seasick when I travel by sea. If only I (not take) the boat and (come) by plane! 3. If only you (give) me a chance to try again, Cecily begged. 4. I wish you (stay) with me for a while. I feel very lonely. 5. She went on talking

as if she (not hear) what I had said. 6. Its time you (stop) making a nuisance of yourself. 7. Its a pity you left so early. Id rather you (stay) a little longer. 8. For the first time in his life he felt as if he (be) in a hurry to get where he was going. 9. She acted as though she (be) born an actress. Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba englez: 1. Ana ar dori s nu fie att de ocupat sptmna asta. 2. Va trebui s ateptm 20 de minute pn la sosirea trenului. Ce pcat c am plecat de acas att de devreme! 3. Bieelul ar dori ca prinii s-l trimit n tabra de var de la Sinaia, dar sunt sigur c ei l vor duce la ar la bunici. 4. Numai de-a putea gsi cuvintele cele mai potrivite! 5. Se luda c a rezolvat singur toate problemele de matematic. Numai de l-ai fi auzit! 6. A dori ca ea s treac acest examen dificil. 7. Mai degrab m-a duce s vd un film dect s-mi pierd timpul ateptndu-te. 8. Luna viitoare e primul examen; e timpul s te apuci serios de nvat. 9. A trecut o sptmn de cnd ai primit scrisoarea de la Angela. E timpul s-i rspunzi la scrisoare. 10. Numai de nu s-ar opri motorul chiar la mijlocul pantei! 11. Diana vorbete de parc n-ar ti nimic despre conferin. 12. A fi preferat ca el s spun adevrul. 13. Se comport de parc el ar fi fcut toate pregtirile pentru serbare. 14. Toi prietenii mei joac handbal pe terenul de sport. Ce pcat c nu tiu s joc handbal! Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba romn: 1. E ciudat c cheltuiete aa de puini bani cnd tie c scumpul mai mult pgubete. 2. E de necrezut c citea cnd trebuia s lucreze la teza de doctorat. 3. E remarcabil c ei lucrau de dou ore i terminaser treaba cnd ai sosit. 4. Nu i se pare de necrezut s se strice untul aa de repede? 5. Insist s treci deoparte, fiindc stai n drum. 6. Copilul acesta e bun la toate jocurile, aa c va juca orice i ceri. 7. Zise c e competent n meseria lui, ca s avem ncredere n el. 8. E ncntat de ideea de a merge la mare de parc n-ar ti c-i prea frig acum acolo. 9. S trieti mult i s fii fericit! 10. Orice ar fi gtit cnd ai sosit tu, trebuia s-i dea o porie. Cheia exerciiilor: * 1. had been 2. were raining 3. were 4. had bought 5. would explain 6. had bought 7. were coming 8. hadnt stayed 9. would pay 19. had followed 11. would offer 12. had informed * 1. ce n-a da s o asculi mai atent pe profesoar. 2. Ai dori s-i fi trimis o ilustrat? 3. A fi dorit s mi fi pus scrisoarea la pot pentru mine. 4. Nu i doresc prietenii ti s mergi cu ei n excursie? 5. Ce n-ar da mama s iau note mai bune la coal. 6. Bieeii i-ar fi dorit s aib voie s noate n lac. 7. Nu i-ai dori s fie var acum? 8. Nu i dorete profesoara ta s i mbunteti pronunia? *1. were answering 2. hadnt taken, had come 3. would give 4. would stay 5. hadnt heard 6. stopped 7. had stayed 8. was 9. had been

* 1. Ann wishes she werent /wasnt so busy this week. 2. Well have to wait for tewnty minutes until the train comes in. I wish I hadnt left home so early! 3. The little boy wishes his parents would send him to the Sinaia summer camp, but Im sure theyll take him to his grandparents in the country. 4. If only I could find the most suitable words! 5. He boasted he had solved all the maths problems by himself. If only you had heard him! 6. I wish she will pass / passes this difficult examination! 7. Id rather go and see a film than waste my time waiting for you. 8. Your first exam is next Monday, its time you got down to work. 9. Its a week since you received Anglas letter. Its time you answered her letter. 10. If only the engine wouldnt stop right in the middle of the bend! 11. Diana is talking as if/ as though she didnt know anything about the conference. 12. Id rather he had told the truth. 13. He behaved as if / though he himself had made all the preparations for the festival. 14. All my friends are playing handball in the sportsground. I wish / if only I could play handball. * 1. It is strange that he should spend so little when he knows that cheapest is the dearest. 2. It is unbelivable that he should have been reading when he should have been working on his dissertation. 3. It is remarkable that they should have been working for two hours and had finished the job when you arrived. 4. Dont you think it unbelivable that the butter should go bad so soon? 5. I insist that you should go aside because you are in the way. 6. The boy is clever at all games, so he will play anything you ask him to. 7. He said he was competent at his job so that we might trust him. 8. He is delighted with the idea of going to the seaside as though he did not know it was too cold there now. 9. May you live long and be happy! 10. Whatever he may be cooking when you arrived, he ought to have given you a helping.