MO PllLl - i

6tytll'l [Link]~ -t>oin+ (lJ. 3 componrnf cm 3 Q.,; is --, z.;_;

u- Q-
Q
FBD R '""' /.[Link] of shess al r 'J

~~
eoncq,l ot Sh't.55 ·11"" [Link]'Lt l,'r""
"L i~ plane

strm "' f ~ tx A _ p
j-,, d,rtd-ia-:

p p

i,f' . .__
.Srrtm
w in <x... - d.1·, re.d:icrn
f1 1ul c/Yl'l<. • Qn\.,V\

€9,.uali-kf of cross 6hear

~~ - AP-,.
1--,,--- . -r- , :__ OPu
-Ca,, - . um
,._':I - •11- ➔ 0
_._
rm
l I ' -C 1,1 I "1-\
LJ./.J'. - •1, ,I_, _
' ,- - ~~., ,,- - - - - , ')L

r~, - 4n, 4P.,_ I/ l-~ 'J':- z_

-,v., ·- Af\"""Cl l'.lA d=
("""'~'1
, P,
-c.&; [Link]. : .i
~ dired-io-n <% Sl;-etn
'C.y~
(f~
-
x rl..
""'1
?C crz. )I ~ - 0~ "'[Link] ~ ,Z..
=- l-io, ma.I sh-tm -· ~
I 'l-
-C.1.11..
e1>i ---=
\..., t..1L ~ \JOI rnoJ. :s LM 0 = o [Link]<L .hr [Link] 5 "' .h cl.i,,J
Jr r-----.,X ,w. ----') ~ M
~-"'•Ll I\ - (~ x di.( dz) x ch + ~ 'Ly 1. x d ~ ciiJ ~ ~ =c,
• \ -Z::'X-4 = 'L,Uf -! I
Norma.I -str(/YI _.. tU\/lilt. ~[Link] )
L cornprvnirt.- ~l)/)Y c':J z ::. -Z.z.y · ·
°'G'l.,z.:: C:z_x.,

0 we. <% 6 h-tss a.t- a.. poi n-1-

\iJ'htn jO"'- [Link]-UJ 'o.11 +fu ?011'1\s .

•J , I I '

fitu.i Lib ri UJYl et;J,.[Link] '

,1. l'
t9..[Link];b ri u_rn Eq_l.laho-n
I r"J....Co I.n~ =- o
d)ifftrtnhoJ ~ q, e..q_u.i 1tbt1°um
°lrFo l t<iJ =o [Link] c [Link]
1r1 ~ o ll'l.z. ::o
MJtijh\- ( 1/ol .

Normal 8hfm ..,,. ,,._ 1 , , '"z

4
L' z : o
81teaJi_ 8htm ==> ~ I 'C.x.z 1 ~'l., l,'(Z. IL.2,t < ~ ~n t [Link]-,' ':_j bo&j Jo, v<- "'l. ""~d-z
l/

l.\
~ ~ ex-undd -!iu.y w i'U.
- 1)1 I Ii._ ~I '' (), ' : ~
Cress shear -t ~'X.1./ fn u ~ ~ d2
.,,. r -
~'L
1 \J~ d -C~_;:. -\ Cl_h _ :I .
--r.-z.-._., J-r..z., h di<.-:
IJ ~ . d1
Vi - I J
 N<>tmal 81nm
r~~~ - -¥-

(~+ ~d'-) dt!lli

" dt.. ,
,-t· '( ui~·+dYI"~~ j d1.d'~I ·t- ( "°C-z "L -t ~h:; ~dz·).-~di)dl/dv_elf:'J
, d4 · · . dZ. "(.

-~-Cd·/41- - "t;.4-t."·[Link]. l L'z:'l(.fich. -t X d-x.d482. ;;;!, o -- :

7," / / I, r J
I ;'I ' _J • 1•
1
= P [Link]& .f.. [Link] 1 e
M't. 01.d4dz.
c:11,
-t d~ d4 d-id-z..
d4 _.
+i ,_.·dZ:n,
dz..
dZ.d«;cit · +,
·
X ch.'d4dz _ 6
· -
<l"s p.,_ ::.
A' 1\ A
[Link]-

-C:19-::. Py Psi n & ..E. sin2 ~

- A- '.l. A
A' C.05 &

L .. ~o
. "'r J ·;, 1,
', .. : "e (rnaa) = p $- =- 00
Fi
frL -t 'd~c1.1..}d4dz.
f"lJf _o lJI.__
-+{l:-zii
'
-td~ctz.j d4 d11.. -t ( ~
d7..
-t cl~ 'chi) dl.d'z.
cly e:~ lma x ) = p 19- -o. '1So
2~
f'~ d-t.i1 .- -ir':l/'( 1j'0'- 1
't3-'I· d-.,1dz. ➔ •y- ,[Link]-z. ::. 0 11- Shean st-run
I •'j·o,·.,1.1 1
.,:
de~ a1.d4d1. + d-c.'!'-1 chd'[Link] -t ' d_§ 04 d-t.d1. --1- '{ d-..dyd-z. =- 6
d'L q d1.. ,. d~ · J

' cl~ --+' d-C.~ ' 4" ct§ .'._ -t 'l '-· -t: c' : .,
- d'IL- d-z.• di.(

:1 /

(~~/·yz- :d~~-~~}~4 O'l.; r(~i ~,d~'dz.) a~'Jl/ :~·(fa ➔ df~dz )ch dy

1

qi. -. . , I •
·I

t~I/ d{ - Z:;1z"a1.d4 - ,- ~ ~.;~d4 _;?: d ~ d4 d-z. ,1

S heo,1 sh-ifn :::.
a.,b
P/2.-_

d~.. [Link]{ cJ-z. ➔-• ~2 d~;dxdl/ -t dtz. ch: d-xd~ ;J+-z. d'Y..dqd'i. 'c_0
1 ,
d~ . ch- oi
d-c:.12. ~ ch-~z. 4 do.. -t- 2 _ -:: 0 .
•I \ a
, I
t . l
d<t- d-z. , dz. ~ Bec1rin9 slrtrn
' ,.
I
' ' ,I I'

L __ _: ~ ' p i
iltQtl()j 611 <1 TJ - -

Ir ! s i o..b I.

',, ,I • ,·

I 11 '
Ill!' Ii
, I )I!',

'I
 in Oil anbil~ ptt1o
~ Shess coro ponen+s i''n n'L =- <f-x.n'l.. -t C4'x. ny -t Lzt f'l2
'1 •. . ,. .t i'Z.':J n2
l"n ny -=- c:?l.L/ nx. + 04 ny 1
d"nnz. -=- t >x.z. n?L -t ~zJl~ -t .,.-1-nz.
I '

(d'1- - on)n1..-+ t:."1-x. n~ t l:z1. nz. =-o

(°':·(.y n'{ ' ·-t· •(<fy - d"n) n~ -+ L-z.4 nz -:: o_
t.
l'l1,. ::ctOS "( t >[Link]'l-+ LLJ z. n. 11 + (11'2 - on)l12. -=- o
)(
()'3 :: [Link] jl

"" Jl"'l
[ (<~ -,,I c'i 'l.
t\2, ""' cos<?
-C.?J.j ( ((4 -(n) ~ -::: 0
tz.4
t),_t4 nu' ·I O '-
1 ~1
~
l L? 't. 42 V z.- <r'n) nz.
B R--l sh-ti'<\ rtJJw to..n+ ltnil l'lorrnQ!
I I

( 11'1, -6' ij) "C~a_ t z.-r

l'IOJlc [Link]. --, I\ rbi~ [Link].

't-x.y Co-4 -or) l· i -c'Z.. y .I
= 0 I
[Link] OAB -?- t >x. z "G yz. I ea-z. - o'n)
GAc. - 2
o Be. - 'i

LeA: s~ ~[Link]. C'6 p\OJ1e ABC ~ dA

I
lhrt..e. 1"6l>t <f. I 6"2, °3
Area ~ DAB = dA n1.
l\reo. ~ OBc. = dAO~
1, = cr'l. +o4 -+ <>z.
A-tta ot OAc. ::c di\ t1l_
' 12-:: 1.,-'X...

t.'11.
t~
0'1
l + l ~~ L [Link]
/r,'{ '2 ') -+ ·1 <1'7-
ll"z. "C1..2-
_r.7..z
<f''L
l '

1.3 =- c..._ 'G'[Link] l-'l.z.

Z:4"(_ "G'y -C.'i'l.

r.z. "i.. Gz_'-j oz.

urhene. 1., I 12, I '13 OJte.. s 1-rtm i nvo..riM½ · ' I

._ The. [Link]. cm wh.i c,h Sh'em Vt.c.6or is. ~ . vsholl>:J , [Link] rnaJ T.s [Link]
Pn•ntrplt. ~h-tnitJ> Qf) pn"[Link]. [Link] .
- l\nd SI-Yem _O'Yl pl'[Link] pLMe. ;..s UMn a.a princ.i'plt.i' /\'twn.·
- Col'V)ide.'t Cl. Pl<lrH. [Link] . .
- ASs normo.! o ~ d, rctl:ion [Link]. O✓-l - Th~ printiple. .slwn 1s the. resU...[Link]-l normal sh-uY, on 'pri'[Link]. plane.
lln'lc ~ no rrnaJ shtrr, '- · . o..nd huic.e. the... [Link]'o..l ([Link]) sh'essw a>it :ze..ro
1hen n (l{l;s cm [Link] pl.o.n.t . Lfl I?> l)

R-x. = d'n ""'

~,:, er,,""
~ -:: ctn lli
[,.QJ1lple - 1 • ,- , 'b
slrcs.s oJ; a. Poi,,+- ts 31 vtn 'f
7\,t Siok at
-r. ii -s -· o ] r..,~·~t .stru-o
-I O principle. strvrH/l •

1 0 0 I 11 . I ,· ' I/
\

6"1, =- 5 t'[Link] .: _, -= 'C'i 't. • I

cf~ t.'(i -= 0 = "Czt.. mo ~en OJ) a.n3 le~

6'z =I 't'f z -= o ,1 ;
u,Tl-h 'lL- onjs .

3 .r Area Ok AC ::: cH\

Ir
Atta 111 ~l:l = dA coq~_
Att-o o's Be = dA s1' n&
); 1J ft

I'~ I\I,c:~~?. I I
G.t'l. ~
0
~ ~z
I'-,_
;
CL l i{ )
C:z. ~ .,--'l-
"[_r; = o
0 ;__ c:J A _ <f'-[Link]&- cJ A co sl9--- -oy sin&
dA sin& -=- ~JAsin ~ [Link] - ~1A
(Oj ~ j l rf'.
-0
'

-· I t -.I I+I~
I
1
-1 i ( ~ :: (-,_COS &-t d'4Sln'1&- + '2t:'>l..l/si n G-CO S$-dw
1- s 0 1
(7..' :: ~ (1 ➔ [Link]·rn- ) +~ (1- [Link]) + u-J..y ii n ii0
- -' 2. 2

e,.,'= .r,,__-+6'4 + O-x_- 6 4 COS'l.19- + ~s1' nQ~ ) '-' Tl

-::
-5..i.1
-10
-t 1-o•S
l
- "2.. 'b

4
~ L rj =o
1
I~ ;;
-5 -• 0
= - 5 (I I ' 0 l r
-t I l-•-o,l :-+ ? I
I
I
t:-x.' 'i' dA + I',.,_• sine dA cos ~ .6''-i cose-c:1 11 sin &-;- t ?Ui 5in &i_.t.'Xlj tos2i¥-~ 0

-I I 0 = - 5- I :
0 0 I -:;
-'

':J_,
. ,--o,:,n.- . 1. 16-,_, ,! ,1
'/"
O", -c; I ,

, I

·.f 1' '' '1 ''·!

I !, .J ; I j ·1 ,. 1), l
Maximun 't-lormaJ 5'h-'1Yl a~ (mox) ::
0,2:-·.,. ~ + -')...-" · u~ q
+ -~ '::!:3
'.2- .2 R I<,
, (. .,.N,. "in '}.9-
o~•-:: 6'~
2-
+ " ~ cos,e + v....,
1-
.r, ~
<h.. ~ o4 +-
--:i:- (c't / 4r-i + (. ¼
R

-::. d'~ (-.sin'l9 J,,,r -t

t:
[Link]
[Link]'J.~ . 2
If, = If'l.. ~
1-
oy + ..L
R. [
0
( ~ :4 )2 -t t:?uj J
Jl.
~. :::. lf'-x.-+ •4
1.-
t- J.
fl<
R2'.'.
Sin 2&- = -i.t:7.4 cos 2 ~

d'"-x..-14
If', -;. 6"'l.. +oy
'l..
;-
J(~\{~r t ~
rnaY
=-
l.a.n 'l~ ::. -C-x..'i '\5-
\01:~)
1h e(t CV<.l tw O [Link] d/y ~
la.n ( liO + 211- ) = ~a..n 20-

I WO VaJ..u.v.i d/, [Link] and 180 + 2~

~ Ma ~i m.u..m J hta.r1 Stnm

-C-X.'i = - \.r-t.-:4 ) sin1& -+ ux.y cos11}

It ~•~• =0 + Vuj (·S• M ~). '2. , -= C, I

,' I

The. plo..nto whut. wt oblctin mo.x. + mm

ptiruiplr Slrt/o(I)_ • 'I
/ I
'I,, .

Tu:io o..n.31~ 05 ~ e~+qo

tOJ1 (IRO + 2<'5 \ = \:a.n 2&~

R~ j (61.:'f)21- ~ '' la..n 2Ss = - I

[Link] 2.0-p
:: _ [Link]: ~e-P ~ \:.ari (qo+

sin2t9p= ~
R..·'' J ,.
 r ~
'

~ · co529.) ' = t:"XJ-\

R,
~-("~" I I

sirJ1&6 :: - (cf0.<j J ~ (f-t!., = "0'1

1-
-1- c'l. - 6"'1 c.05;1~
-7..- I
-t LllU.J ', sin'l~ 1

2- '

R.,.
I'"~'~r ~ ~ IL I•
-= (1s+1o)'l1,i '
7..-
+ (~)"' ~
1.
c.os2.t 3o•)-t 15 11 1y s 1' n2( 30·)

\3; -+ ~ cos t:o· + 15 s,' n s o· l x10 '

1

({-,.'-:. &'i.+6~ + 1f.t.-t:~. C0S295 ~ -r:.~ sin2~~

j I
- I
'J- 2-

· .. I I
('f"i.~•½) siMe- + L."U{ cos '2. & I ,

('25:_lbJ si n so· + ,s [Link] r;·o·' i,.:.i

lj j: l/lJ • r11 = 1. oo~ M~

h_.. -6
_
y
( OS H) -
,
t:,<..y S I ()1$-
'2- . - I - '

1 \· - -' ·1 -::. 2s+10 _

I
2 s - 10
I ''
c.o s Go · _ 1ss 11nso'
/.
I 1- ~ ,' \ '

-1
= l22 - _I_§ cc,si;o· - 15 8- in <;t.' ) l\ 10'
I '2. '2

·'
= 0 -1S-9G .f+Po.,

'.s J - :I
~-::7 - 3 :X lC> ~

-s
:f cf.:2.--= ,-,:11 lit f>~
-C....·t
;,i: ',: ·'
=- <f,-(i,
2..

/ - J- _ ~ · ar t
-: rs~ IS ) i11 o-c j: J(1~0) 2,_ 10 ei,-+ I ':,1'1- 10-l'l. 4'2
er,..
-::c o,13 nl't\.
-=- 31.j , ir n r.,__
35 Xlo"' -II -lb
2 ! 5-615",\0 +'2.•'J. 5 '< 10
i 1° Cf I ,r t,J
f1 •S ',ltt'! l,G:1-"1'JI.I0-5
 _. ._~is n1.
-f> o "1Dhr•s [Link].
,5tr-ero w:, \'nq_ ',,

/) I
-c, 6-x.' -=- 6-x.+ 64 ; 6'-..-•'i
6--,.... ,,, c. 0 s 19
-t c1.y si 02 ~
l. 'l.
... ,'Ct>U-1 )
(o~ - c,,_ :•-1) ::. 6''1.-•4 [Link]'.1. ~ +-~sin~&
'l.
(f"

Lrit.' t = _ (6't.~6'i ) s1n2G ➔ -C.'Uj [Link]!I~

I __I,__..,,.,)
-- !.,_4C~ h -•~
1 "l
'l.

( d'~ - ....
~
1.
➔'4 ) 2..
+
2
(,'L,~ I = (61..~•4) C.05 '.2.~
...
f - • , ,
,,.
:h
"tmo~, min
.I

,, !
\ ')
,: I. .}
\

• •. ,. i
Ce.n ~ r --, o, o
' ,, \ ,I I

. :1,~ ,. J

e, = '-iS -1 0-p
2e., c Cjo 12 ~ p

1Gs
[Link]

2Gs ;; -!IC , 5G
e'. r r . : ' I I; ; l
I
&5 ,:a -13 -2.~

corn I' ,:c:rn i o-n

• , 1 I I~
 MS b0;1 we 3'-l th e ~itld ,....
A"'iol I ~orrocl..l ~n
strun/p l ·
~[Link] IE)= { Hi~ h ccu1 bcm slctl
~n H'I SD \iOJI we. [Link]. not 3t1:.b'n9
"[Link] pl · Is trtm \ ' 1.0l'IJLn~
~ \/aJ.i"d crnl~ L\1/ien -i~ fop1 /r/lY'I
J ~'" 11))

un ,fo,rn cro ~1. scc1, c ,, , C Hl./lD ba:1

- - - nittminittm
~ J-L,·I h °'' ,' \ - ---co ncrc lt
Ill!:.-- -- - - -~'
Stra 11 1
.Jc's FVn uniform ; n rn (J'( L
UJ>t d w-~n
0, 1'/, O·l"/_
- Strain al a.. pai n-l J' o
£: /j(j {000 1) (0 -001)
[Link]\.i. torce
A:X:
~p Stra.u, ol A
I----< Al. _ A~ i'cv.1.y loo.d e.d boJ-L
1--'l.. L £.::. Lt
t.x.➔ o

~ A ' ~ e• /- 1 P def: Ed-x., 6 = SL

At iAt/ L. 1-l ooke'.s ~01.u
Jdcf ~ j Ed-x.
0

o = H
£ =0
L
~ when nan · u.r i i~c,rm en
L

o= 5s ch.
bL
- SIres s - s h-ai.r, [Link] im
J "' S[ d,,_,
!li.!d s~eel b

,r E
0

cf = PL /;>0" 10° 'f. 1501\~ = a.e s rn rn

10 = ,.,,,.
A~ 3CIO t°,tv!I- X Q X 10 5

RoKiJ

R -, ptoportiona!ity IA'mi ~ A 6Ttt , I )l od [Link] ds l\lltQ

,
1 .J . I
n. ] 'r h 1snmrn 15 SUJlptnwa,.,
';!01) mm' .f- µ.
~o ~ tnd The. rod Sllppo r, ,
;:m~~ d o..., ~oKr--1 ol ii, ~ e. md .
\ M1<.U.. Loa . D d E= 2 /\ lo" M Pc..
Find elO'Y'13 C1 h <rn Ol, m

j -A-n e..Lanl·ic. Me.d bQJt of VMia.h l e. ds ,'s [Link] [Link].d

fu. 6-tr<lir, (o c ➔ Uppt,1 Yi'tld poio4 ~, ino\w.J:;, '' .,
ti n o t •bocw,.l, ro axio.J to(ld;i (l/) s hourn ir, t18· +he. els OJ1eQ . ~or
0➔ >\.owe., '1/[Link] point ·. •l ',,; i [ u Al3, Be, cD Cbt e. 1ooo rn m~µ, oo mm
<\ -~e.3m.u,l,- ' , o • ~ ~·
~ ""oleLccl,,, f. ,,, ~
tooo m m1 "1.])p. i va.l.l,w..t,. thL U°"'t}Cllh'm cit bOJL ~
f

~
• l0 .B'
,.~• ~ ➔ UIHO\o.!e Sfrcs.s 1:o bow-d o·,·,, ~ 'k ,,,
.,., F ➔ Non,.;ll<l.l ~l\l.)te, 5;,,; n ,
8~1t, '--. h OJ1d r• •'
er~ ➔ ';lid~ Sfnn.J-1. b~ CltlLLo.J
J'" c»<e"-
 orn "r:f ~ clXe.. at1:cng;c- --- --- --- -~ --
fu.. -:: (/'t - .ll tj
~ -:: ~ - l.Lt1_
Ii
Sr,CUfl a.. Poi n+

l
aJ;

a}; cL'[Link] <K. ~om A,

- B~'k - ) er.,._
.- - ', T

els roea.::: f\ 1 -+ l~2 -Ail 9L /

£'l = o-x,
L
01 / £
L ,J E':l : :. - t1.'t1..
d-:.. J .L.
AE
d-x.. z. t0htn •~ [Link]'nj UY1':'.i_ t.z "'" -.lt..tJt.
wru..n a'z Qtb'ng ~
0
L
~:;~
i;
q_ :; 6',._
Att.o incttmLnb t
L--+ AL-A, £'I ; - .u., Ez
-
A1 - A,
i
L

~-'l'._
L

- Po,s,so,,'5 li'oho I u.) ~ - .U..£.'t. - J.L't.z.

Jl-d {;
Shorl-enin~
D
s )To.i:n
dt - U £.~ - /.t.(CL
~~J. Lon 8i l,ud.i noJ
t'l_: cf
~ p
cf
·-z
L
'l'rarv,Ytn c 8 1-rru.n

Shea.n'rtJ -t =- __l..
8tr@¼ ' 1.:,:8

Q- ➔ 8hetJJ1 [Link].u,,/i-:t1
--r. <>< ll
.:, :::. r.:-1
~v, [Link] ---, L
0, t ..., o, 0
,,,.., rw,beh.
O•ll. b) O, S&-
b.000.,
The. SheQ dr sh'[Link], 1s deJ1' necl M bhe. [Link]
J
. i' n a. r,~1-,L
L ans 1e_ •
o+ 0.
1
1
l'n""~
.....,,[Link]: in ra
O
1·Q11:S cl..LU ~Ofp litd ahrnx . [Link] ·

~ aclf'11 cnilii , d'!I CW:1·ns 611.½/

"€'1..= ~ ., : '
~i- · ~
E E ,
~=-L L~ . £'l..,. -LL~
 I
~=~
I·& O ,'{ ~ = ~~I
O · Sn'\
--1
I • i rn 6AL = ~ 111 ·9 ·
O· i

Ps L.s \'8
= - - 11 -
1\s Es o .g-
j~ th bl t IS 3
f th re t Pn llii,, I\ -,. 1 1- 1- 'ii
-..u.,1 '
th en ii:: en ' I,,
!Jol -vt . " 6t

p = 4 . 2..'l I ~ 4 I! !l.C
5
- al:Q,b' ~ [Link] i no.t,_ ~ [Link]. Pe, = ~O'i . 1H
jb the. llllwnbot of unknoum .lbrun in a s~sttrr, [Link] l-h e [Link]
<l'b eq_0Libn'u.m {m'P19. M eq,ttab'on #te "11U()1... ,·er known ov.:, 01

,[Link].l.½ '[Link],, inanl SljS t.m.

Sta..hca.U<jl ~[Link] problerv, bo..o ~ 3eorriem ·c. ~

AttJlri'cHcm imposed cm ih dc..fo,[Link] . rn,~ 1-tiintl 1,u,'11 4a.J 1:t,
the. ~ ·rn 66 [Link]!ib,·~~ .
_ .S~ain d..u.t. lo ~ m al:t.J.K. / +[Link] c.t.f 8 lrai.n,

CDmp::t.t1b;1;~ condih£n11l erov,'d{[) o_M;hrnaJ eqµ.a.b'lll1.D fo, [Link] 8r,air, cL.u.. b:, t h.e. vtl.n·[Link], cm 6h tun; e,tQ/;.w-<- i's ?f'° Kr, ~J
Unbiown ~r(t/J· (1-fooke•s P.a.w t1omefi~ u.o~ hJ ~,·nd ➔-~)
I'
~ tr- ::: o( 6T I w-h [Link] lll C ( T-1'0 ) ,-, _, fo , h oJ t.,.mp
T --, ~'na.J [Link]
ti T ---, +rt for el\ pa.n5 iO'Y> o<. _, coeff. q, \ii e., mcJ
.1 A tirL·d b ·
- er cu AB J.s BUf>~orfed b a.. J, • 61 --, - Yt for co n rrQd io n e.x [Link], i lTY1
t
6'1town. in .Jig. r:1nd ~ 11-r¼, 1 n [Link] m ai cB f b~ f;wo Mcls
hoc/ Alu rn,n ,LU•n
a.,,
jt • 1.
ts 3 'Vt.O oJ ib [Link] rutt.Q O)i ~ aoomm~ · £: JC o, = E, L
~
L
f As= Sllomm 5
2
. Modu!.wi dl [Link]'c;~ At . •. Or :: c<. 6 r
1s_o•1J110 1'1Pq ,r "[Link], _o,. [Link]'u~<lj- L

5,s .?x1osnPa. tht hn31tidl> At~ .. :i.m 1

~th "i' s b011 :. 1m

....~,~ · tl'le-::.id · .. I• :
lootr-1
[Link] s h-tss
No rn-tt, naJ forct_s / .stress(/) 0/1 e ,, n ll.l.l.c.t
is allo1.0 l::o OtCU)I h't.e.~ ·
-' ·· □ · th t,i moJ de~<> rrna. HOY>
c,1 .,.;j.U.

xi., -- l's'il.o:g ~·~

I 00µ.1 "B .
I 4•( I roon.S ·- p111 ~ \0 [Link]..nqL _fn ~he. lunp - sfroiri wi l\ be. Ynd..u..<lccJ. bw n.o
= -::!st> 8h-trn rs !UJJ doped ' Jeforrncu" . fo
-P1,1,[Link] .. P6K0,8

1'111 II. l,t -\- ~ ,CO ,t : llSt> - (D

If'OllliaJ rfl>oit.80"n ,.jnd,[Link] to~nal • .\?&rcw, wh,c.h f'Vlis~ YCui

\o -thut m oJ ~~ ,·Ol'I UY com pTttn i O\'l • .r, 'tCrt M r/

~ f h ~ COJJJ>e. bj -[Link]. tn!lbt111o.J• [Link] on<.
e.
¢11. m oJ fer C.t/1 • •
 ,l / LO.C.i<. O t fl I:
.,, 1'4,)f•~ Olld Prt - .s IYQ111s
tk/ '

L
....· ?
\t1 ~-
,/"

,;.; ~ , -iv_ p"-. ;h«fYl

_(_l-1"1
I

I
1.:-
!:r
' I" ' SiY,d,

I I /

~ = o(t,T t:x_, ½ tz. I

: li"-IO-t (n'10) ~~ I o/<(2 , y~2

\, Sherui ~~
oh-ain

1'rMsfor [Link]
'-;
.,,,,

j Thern-.a..l S!Ytss ~ tel ,•n eompou..nd ho r.s t,ht f---- . ./,' •e• I

l,Clt, \,tttv-t- .
,<.s)~
~ 01 :. '\6TL C\ _, v1...r l.j 5 rnc,..Ll

d'2. ,,. -<i, 6TL

bof.,f. lteo.d
oe'.b r cf-. = fb 1,,
Ylu.l; 'll a ' 41
A't,Eb

~•"t ~ - ---_- :p]-'-s

' L \J;_~
, cf~ "' . f, ls
. l\sfg
.

~in.J
tbbtt-l
o,in
t--:--· ·----.
-
._- - -
'
I\r · 1?.1141/./lJ
d, 'l)
.,._.,,tvid,.

....
i i~·0t - ~
I '- J~ ~ . · '
L '[r,v:ao ·• 'I

o-= 0 1 -J'3 :::r cf,._ +;r◄. : I'

&-= fb ... \ I
 I
, I

_lE-t-½) sin2.9 ;,2' -t 1-,v'llJ._j hosrn) ,;y

o/

= o

~·=
dj
b _ '½ sin 10- = .)'IU.j c:o~&

t,Qn 'llS-' ::. <("'--'i

1:a.n2ef
I' y't..y ½ sin~
£,( 1 = ~~ (0S1!1- I o(3 -
c- \ ds lo..n 2 ~s ::. lM [ q o t 2. ~)
(._tl ds I.
L±s = ti,0!]
Cl( :. o(, -t -<,-+ o<3
,( = -~.,_ T Uj~ COSG- - '1' Ul c½ si'ns.
cl! ds els 0 -= - '< ~iy Sin'l.9- -t f,...,y
'2
[Link]·
7-
o< -= -E'[Link]'n&cose- + ~cos&Gin& - Y'M.>j sin'l&-

\Wn2~ ::.
'i~Y ~
~ :. + ~61'0 (&+qo) C~ll+qo)- ~ cos(&tqo).siri(e+1u) + ./"Uj si111.( i,.,qo) h-~

1 = - €11..Sin&cos& f-~SlnHoss. + i'IA_j 1141 9-

fx.! !I ' .: II( t /J
► ~•y•~ - 2E'lts1'n !;°se +~ B•'n.,co.t& +- r,_, cos 1& - -lw sin'l&
 ~ = j y~ + ~£-t.-~.:ii1-
co5214':. f'l. -£ii sin'l~
~

~ = t-t. + £'i +
2
t,'i_- ~
2.
lt·/1) ➔
,.)v;
-
').
~
R.

)l 2.
= h+ '-'i + l€-x.· ty d~
2 2/1.

~2
= £,,..-+~ t
7.. 2 fl

= E~+ ~ R
- -+
2. 2 34 -G sirHo'
::: l o..t- llo))l10·' .. (340 -1101 x10 -,
~ - --:--- COS6o" -J. ~ l\?0 /\ IO
= £..,__ +t.'1
'2
+J_ j-f~ + {£.:.-E_y}l
2
= '3 · q 5 /\ I O·5' :: 'i?q · 5
2

ii I ◊-,
2.

,;;;-
l'(\0.) [Link]\ .,,1-ra,:,,

(£\~'+ ("'~r
f.x.+€~
f1 1 2 :. ! lM '2f}p :: c;"'-'1 _ l'i?0)(10 · '
2..
~ ta.n [Link] = 0· '.\-8 2
t-x. · ½ (3 4 0- 110))(10.,
'1 '1> = 3g.025
iJ.p = 19 -012
j (h-~ ) + "fi..i
R =-
2

9:;:: 45'+
"" = 4St lQOll
&-f'
cos2s5 =. i"UJ Ss:: 64 -0 12,,
R.
ti :. (34 0 t 110) 11 10·' t
'2. /IO.
\ ( 3'1 o · I.I:)~ -,)
IO 2. + ( 1 '!0:1◊- ( )1
= - £1.- t4 I- e.... e,;)
,I l fl.
ti ::: 3,110~1' 10· ,, 31 I /\ 10·'
-c::-
-=- ( f.,_. £.. 11,,-t'Y~
QR.

-::. .t' ! I.' €'1 :: (3 4ot 11o )x. 1o·G _

2
( l 3 40 ~ 1101 x10·;\ (1i6:1o·'r-
2R = 2.

e,. = '"!·gq,qx10· 0
= ,s. q,q 11 1o·G~

ltS
~ Mohr Grtle of. Jhai.n.
WI r l
Gau.8t Qi.~ th
.Si9n Conver3io11
\ Slra.,n 6ir..t -o -11 - 1mm
f'osi+ivt 110,ma.t s t-ro.i11 CCUAPC e.l0119al1a-,,
_j ; nd., m lor 2. - LJ m rn
10 - ~o m m
wI rt.
P. Ul ,siow fo i l 30 _ 1qo mrn

~v/ r,t"dl/' JYL-..J ., ,,

t..
, h ,.._ - n

_ '1![Link] [Link] t0 m ecv,u_n_ 'Y-x.u

':l J U/li n~ ~rra..:n a-na-rn

'I

Qi = 'h +x.i -t t"t. - £'-i C.05 Q ~b + -t~ s,·[Link]\

'l. 'l. 2.

_.../~ ~ ,c £-x. t !'-i + ~"t-½ (0S2 1l-c ---l .;!-'i s,·n 'lll-t
'l-
2.. '2. 'l

h •½, "~ _, - V{,

.., Assem.b':':J Ob s h-ru.n 80..U..ri J.o cal.l.e.d Bh-a.u, J!.,O.S c. tk.

45• strrui, rnsdt e.

j !, £'1.. = ta.
C

"'-'--F=!-- _.,,, ,,_

01\ = £--.c. [ e,... <L
0~: ":':I
AB= ~~ -'t.,i
80'= Ao ' : £i<· ~, -
'"T 1•

·oo' -= 011 - 0 111.

oo' = t;."4 - (h - "-'I) = £..._~c;...,
~ ~
 s [Link] \-i 'tub. ® ,n
(,o· Shw [Link].. t(t : £'1. WI=- G>

,, ~
h' = -:i:-
€11.~ ~ t
E..-t4 cos~ei -+ 'l(~
-1. -l. s-, ~1~ pg --
'.2 C;
~ ( 1+ u.)
'E.
b
ti, :: Eat f.4
ti, =-
-+ £a.· £~

~ 4 -t
2
2
C.0.S l~o · -+ {~
2 S,'~
\·
I~ 2tSQ
:::

'2.

OuJ k rnod,.uJ.w:i
I ~ '1
J

). Rv.o..lioY1 btlween f 4 ~

i If~ -::;.:.:; , ,:::: },

I (~: o pUrl. S hta,,

J 1-'>'--il,,._co
-c.--s--:_ s~o..t<. 65 pLI.J't a>havt
6''1 '=- ,r'j :: 0 , ; ~'l.. :: t'j ::: 0

Pt.a.d.,'l,11) -::: Ci B := "'--'-J :

1
00
. :·ef'. = oo' ::: (c~ , t....v-., \.,_

.,. -t ~ £'1. ::; 0,~ -

E
I. (
.u. d'4 ~,r, !I I

'<,,:; ~ - ,IJ. cf'2,

{;, E: ~ :o
0
: _ il \!,.. t2)
E; :: ~ _ .LL t- C,w)
f ( ~1 a "; _ h\6t4 )'lt

£. = ~ l 1 4 IJ.) - 0
7

£~• = f.'1..-t~ -t- f.,__- ~ u,H,e ~ ../"'-'-I sin2.e>

2 'l. 'l.

£{::0-tO-t~
1.

e. ( I - 2 LL)
 J l [Link] 6!, luy:iro 3 htll'c
• t,V -~ c~u ,-0 ,36".._ )
bo::: 6"-J.... -6 -[Link] • .,__
i;, :: O·Qlcf-x,

(,.,_-= 12 ·52 t1Pq_

1
C =- l-P--P--fl L1--'1U) o~ ~ .'20+o.3c~-= !Jo ~Lo•Jll l 2-;1)
E d'"u ::: 4 1· 1 5, M Pq
.J //

e. = -1.£' L1-- 2,u)

( ~ -: G- 'i-ui
~ =- _E_ -y ~
2. ( 1-+ .Ll)
,,
-c"Uj ::: ~ 06 ~
2 L1-t O· 3)

£_ A sl'[Link] ttadi'n9 1mm 4s• s/-rcun rosdle. [Link]., ~ ~

Fi,:: 600Kto'' , fc.: looqo·' 1( E-= ~ooli-Po..
~ lL =- 0, g . Tue-n ~i'11d lhe. pn·rwplt 8rrurHJJ · a
[Link] roJ
o t<[Link]
~ t'l, .= fo. -= 3001110·' \o"6i~ [Link]
6t<o,J'
£~ = fc. = too 1110·'

,ool\10... , = (3oo+foo)KlO ... , + 'i7J..J.

2. '2.

...J'X-1-1 ... i:oox 10 ... , : too ,uo'' 4 oo ?I Io' 6

~
'2.

~ Joox10·' = h... o•3 d'4

• -
~oox 10 'g
').00)<.10'>-r
~oo x1063

JOOX~OOl\10' =-O'">t.-0 · 36"'1

too :x, 0-, =_!j___ ~ , ""-- , 6'0000 X10' : ,rt. -0 .g, ly

0 3
.?oox109 ~109 60 =tf"-t,-0 · 3''1

I00,'\:700 >111S 3 = 6~ --0,3tf"'X..

.?00011 'XI o~3 = tf''t - o, 3 t~

'--ODX!i)~ @,;/
'l.CJ01( 103 f'1 f~
d"':I =- :Jo ,i- o. 3ir'l.
 5tro.it1 erte..r~n ''. UVl I t-\_j
.,, Lt i.5 ~he .sf'rru.n e11 er9'1 pc1 Llrlll \Jolu..me

bQ w : : ~ :. p2_4:-
AL - P'-
[Link],k'

d2,ti;
= ~ =

-2. L /\ L =
'-"' in tr,rrv:i

cft ~,., [(rrwl 1

°l io, t (

0-a,v'.) I o, Ir-
,.11 ..fo, me, ! "
•,
J

F,15l ➔ Avuaqe .sh-t,y, ~, oU CO/ltf) bein3 baned cm \;he condi'h<Yrl ot R '"'dst-rain

ho..uin9 8LJJ1fQte [Link].
01ero.,, , '- . C1 q loornm t M \.tnj'th CYb 5 m . Cct.l .
~t J / r 9 " a.t.n en_er9'/ dJ.M . h •
e<tui \; bri u.m I is al.u)~ eor 1td · V H rod is &frtched up~ 5 n,m '--:::, ·
£ = .2,111o'>r<JPa. ➔ S ftl./
i► ,t the .s /[Link] Ol 5 co t<J Pei. i6 Qfpl ,ed
cS'e.U!lld -4 The normoJ S\Ttm(/) o1 o. [Link]:ance tq,[Link] tt> the. LUid++1 ocl
th.e member [Link], ame.11..baU!j un~rm , """sa....'.,,r v{,nc,n1·, 1: r

~ Sh-o..in &ier91 p

j ~p
P,
L
·~ 1-1 = pc( .... work

t r---7 p

~
'L tqoJ(..[Link] ell, d..Luh It. [Link], a.I

L~ti:
.Slrcu'n mu-9-, :: u::: SPd'IL [Link] erwg; = u... ~
'X.
j Pd"!.. -1 ~Llt /TY r<1olo, ~ [Link] chcu.T\.o
D·.t.c ~ 1 1!
0
0

£LtrnuilOJl.<j 8\::ra..u1, ~ i
St<o..in uw~ , b:1 o,ro
du.= Pd<x- ~ t'.lemtn~ waYk. ½x b x h
"10 d, rc.d, Tht. rt ,·s
.ta.J..l ,<U1Ju1.. br<a<.

du:: Pd'X. <f.....

u=
ii.,
j Pd-x.. J K'l.d'L :: le 7..:
'.l. I-x., l<-'X-~
:::
""i 0
"' 2
0 a

P1~ Du.d:l le rnaler ,·oJ

U::: k<Xl::. It 'X., ~
-2. ::
'2. '2.

[Link] ~
for OA1~ IDoded b~
U .:: P-l cf:: PL P::: d'fll'.
2.. °AE -L-

~ .:tu:: d AE 1

2. L
I 6rilt\t. rna.l:etr'oJ
Cl)°lu,~t

~ .
'
cii ~1oli.1 id.l

v~•"'',J
1u\/llo"'-

4~•
G ,, '
~:~~-~ ,A
"oJid fw..[Link]
[Link].e.. ~
cn'[Link]'~ [Link] l<nuJ.l
[Link], ~t.,_""- .
f Ul [Link] slnss)

rn [Link], aulco m e [Link] cm,

f
~

~
n 'l
t!'-1, e.

I
Pi \
tu,nch'O'Y'loJ · orm ti plo lied \n printiple. sl-rtm s pa.c.e . i·he. u.n t ~
, d,uttt'le [Link]'als (lJ-{_ Lif)\,i/ cd
1¼~~ 11.
ti"
l I
cl,itoJJ..S the SL1.t·[Link]. colle.d [Link] swfo.c.e., '[Link] frot~u rt- .su.r [Link]} ~
\[Link] ltnt, ,n 3cwaJ
I
ru1t l,iiv\.ikd b~ ·n orlYlcJ ~
1.n o.. [Link] sLoin ; brittti rro,.llJ,,c,.. l/l 51lq,; 1 tn
ihti I shw, "
If t ht •/. tl([Link]
o 'Yl,
u.p to frnd:.[Link], i5 [Link].L-tr ·\ho...,,
Dutl-ilt maltriaJ :
57.
10·/ ..... mosl or w 1..,-~~A-d
8u..u,ow•
[Link]

RssumpH(nl tr ~ faill.U't +nron'ts gl B s lru,,,,,

I!
~A
I, [Link] c,a.t'- is pt(/)tnl
, J,r,£,,,•r,, ;'
;, t>,o,, l
1
.?. M<Utrial is lsoh-opllit f homo8trteowi J. ,{, · _r;;ira.. "·
', ,.11.t<~Ji 1•oruHw
.ii< &a mt i hrOU;1'1,n;/
0
.AL. ... ..,_ ·,
dYl tl-tc. nwt5a rt' -dlf-
-.;;t:C,r-ot; l
z ~
~
·~

9' 'l'

H ';![Link].a1i.t,
~,'i,(3
~o &heo,, Shvn
d"~ "lohr tfrtlt wi II l,c. Pl·
1htrt. 1.0i II bt. ne [Link],1 • .,,
"1...-·, us, "IS .
,,