REVIEW

NESSE TEMPO VERBAL É COMUM AS FRASES SEREM FORMADAS POR ALGUNS ADVÉRBIOS.

OS MAIS UTILIZADOS SÃO:

WHEN (QUANDO)
JUST (ACABADO DE; HÁ POUCO)
ALREADY (JÁ)
BY THE TIME (NO MOMENTO)
EVER (JÁ; ALGUMA VEZ)
NEVER (NUNCA)
BEFORE (ANTES)
AFTER (DEPOIS)
EXEMPLOS:

- I HAD ALREADY CLEANED THE HOUSE WHEN MY MOTHER ARRIVED. (EU JÁ TINHA LIMPADO A CASA QUANDO MINHA
MÃE CHEGOU.)
- SHE HAD JUST LEFT BY THE TIME HE ARRIVED. (ELA TINHA ACABADO DE SAIR QUANDO ELE CHEGOU.)
- THEY DID NOT COME WITH US BECAUSE THEY HAD VISITED THIS MUSEUM BEFORE. (ELES NÃO VIERAM CONOSCO
PORQUE TINHAM VISITADO ESTE MUSEU ANTES.)
- HE ASKED ME IF I HAD EVER BEEN TO GERMANY. (ELE ME PERGUNTOU SE EU JÁ TINHA ESTADO NA ALEMANHA.)
FORMAÇÃO DO PAST PERFECT
O PAST PERFECT É FORMADO PELO VERBO AUXILIAR TO HAVE CONJUGADO NO SIMPLE PAST (HAD) + PAST
PARTICIPLE DO VERBO PRINCIPAL.
FORMA AFIRMATIVA (AFFIRMATIVE FORM)
AS FRASES AFIRMATIVAS NO PAST PERFECT SIMPLE SÃO FORMADAS DA SEGUINTE MANEIRA:

SUJEITO + VERBO TO HAVE NO SIMPLE PAST (HAD) + VERBO PRINCIPAL NO PAST PARTICIPLE +
COMPLEMENTO

EXEMPLO:

YOU HAD CHANGED YOUR CLOTHES BEFORE THE END OF THE PARTY. (VOCÊ TINHA MUDADO SUAS
ROUPAS ANTES DO FINAL DA FESTA).
FORMA NEGATIVA (NEGATIVE FORM)
NAS FRASES NEGATIVAS É NECESSÁRIO ACRESCENTAR O NOT APÓS O VERBO AUXILIAR:

SUJEITO + VERBO TO HAVE NO SIMPLE PAST (HAD) + NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL NO PAST PARTICIPLE +
COMPLEMENTO

EXEMPLO:

YOU HAD NOT CHANGED YOUR CLOTHES BEFORE THE END OF THE PARTY. (VOCÊ NÃO TINHA MUDADO
SUAS ROUPAS ANTES DO FINAL DA FESTA.)
FORMA INTERROGATIVA (INTERROGATIVE FORM)
PARA FAZER PERGUNTAS NO PAST PERFECT SIMPLE, O VERBO AUXILIAR DEVE SER USADO NO INÍCIO DA
FRASE, ANTES DO SUJEITO:

VERBO TO HAVE NO SIMPLE PAST + SUJEITO + VERBO PRINCIPAL NO PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTO

EXEMPLO:

HAD YOU CHANGED YOUR CLOTHES BEFORE THE END OF THE PARTY? (VOCÊ TINHA MUDADO SUAS ROUPAS
ANTES DO FIM DA FESTA?)
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
É USADO PARA INDICAR AÇÕES NO PASSADO QUE OCORRERAM ANTES DE OUTRA AÇÃO NO PASSADO.

O PAST PERFECT SIMPLE É FORMADO PELO VERBO AUXILIAR TO HAVE CONJUGADO NO SIMPLE PAST (HAD) + PAST
PARTICIPLE DO VERBO PRINCIPAL.

EXEMPLOS:

I HAD FINISHED THE JOB WHEN MY BOSS ARRIVED. (EU TINHA TERMINADO O TRABALHO QUANDO MEU CHEFE
CHEGOU.) - AFFIRMATIVE FORM
I HAD NOT FINISHED THE JOB WHEN MY BOSS ARRIVED. (EU NÃO TINHA TERMINADO O TRABALHO QUANDO MEU
CHEFE CHEGOU.) - NEGATIVE FORM
HAD I FINISHED THE JOB WHEN MY BOSS ARRIVED? (EU TINHA TERMINADO O TRABALHO QUANDO MEU CHEFE
CHEGOU?) - INTERROGATIVE FORM
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
É USADO PARA INDICAR A CONTINUIDADE DE AÇÕES NO PASSADO QUE OCORRERAM ANTES DE OUTRA AÇÃO NO
PASSADO.

O PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS É FORMADO PELO VERBO TO HAVE CONJUGADO NO SIMPLE PAST (HAD) + VERBO TO
BE CONJUGADO NO PAST PARTICIPLE (BEEN) + GERÚNDIO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL.

EXEMPLOS:

I HAD BEEN WAITING FOR TWO HOURS WHEN SHE ARRIVED. (EU TINHA ESTADO ESPERANDO POR DUAS HORAS
QUANDO ELA CHEGOU.) - AFFIRMATIVE FORM
I HAD NOT BEEN WAITING FOR TWO HOURS WHEN SHE ARRIVED. (EU NÃO TINHA ESTADO ESPERANDO POR DUAS
HORAS QUANDO ELA CHEGOU.) - NEGATIVE FORM
HAD I BEEN WAITING FOR TWO HOURS WHEN SHE ARRIVED? (EU TINHA ESTADO ESPERANDO POR DUAS HORAS
QUANDO ELA CHEGOU?) - INTERROGATIVE FORM
CAUSATIVE VERBS SÃO VERBOS DE AÇÃO QUE INDICAM QUE UMA 3ª PESSOA VAI PRATICAR UM ATO EM FAVOR
DO LOCUTOR, OU SEJA, O LOCUTOR VAI, DE ALGUMA FORMA, SENTIR O RESULTADO DAQUELA AÇÃO. POR ISSO DA
REFERÊNCIA A “CAUSAR”: VOCÊ CAUSA EM ALGUÉM A AÇÃO DE FAZER ALGO POR VOCÊ.

VEJA O EXEMPLO:

I GOT HIM TO HELP US. – EU O CONVENCI A NOS AJUDAR.

LET – SENTIDO DE PERMITIR

A ESTRUTURA DA FRASE É:

LET + PESSOA/COISA + BASE DO VERBO

LET ME HELP YOU! – DEIXE-ME TE AJUDAR!

MAKE – SENTIDO DE OBRIGAR
A ESTRUTURA DA FRASE É:

MAKE + PESSOA/COISA + BASE DO VERBO

HE MADE ME EAT ALL THE VEGETABLES. – ELE ME FEZ COMER TODOS OS VEGETAIS.

YOU MAKE ME WANNA BE A BETTER MAN. – VOCÊ ME FAZ QUERER SER UM HOMEM MELHOR.

OBSERVAÇÃO: “WANNA” É A CONTRATAÇÃO DE “WANT TO”.

HAVE – SENTIDO DE DAR RESPONSABILIDADE

A ESTRUTURA DA FRASE É:

HAVE + PESSOA + BASE DO VERBO

OU

HAVE + COISA + VERBO NO PAST PARTICIPLE

I’LL HAVE THE SECRETARY TYPE THE LETTERS. – VOU PEDIR À SECRETÁRIA QUE DIGITE AS CARTAS.

I HAVE MY NAILS DONE ONCE A MONTH. – EU FAÇO MINHAS UNHAS UMA VEZ POR MÊS.
GET – SENTIDO DE CONVENCER E DAR RESPONSABILIDADE (MENOS FORMAL)
A ESTRUTURA DA FRASE É:

GET + PESSOA + TO + VERBO

SHE GOT HIM TO MAKE HER A CAKE. – ELA O CONVENCEU A FAZER UM BOLO A ELA.
O REPORTED SPEECH REPRESENTA O DISCURSO INDIRETO EM INGLÊS.

UTILIZAMOS ESSA FORMA QUANDO VAMOS REPRODUZIR A FALA DE OUTRA PESSOA, OU SEJA, QUANDO VAMOS
REPORTAR O QUE JÁ FOI DITO POR ALGUÉM.

PORTANTO, É MUITO EMPREGADO PARA NARRAR HISTÓRIAS E FATOS QUE JÁ ACONTECERAM.

EXEMPLOS:

DIRECT SPEECH (DISCURSO DIRETO): I AM NOT FEELING WELL. (EU NÃO ESTOU ME SENTINDO BEM.)
REPORTED SPEECH (DISCURSO INDIRETO): HE SAID THAT HE WASN’T FEELING WELL. (ELE DISSE QUE NÃO ESTAVA SE
SENTINDO BEM.)

NOTE QUE É POSSÍVEL RELATAR O QUE UMA PESSOA DISSE USANDO O DISCURSO DIRETO. ASSIM, TRANSCREVE-SE O
QUE FOI DITO.

EXEMPLO: HE SAID: "I AM NOT FEELING WELL". (ELE DISSE: "EU NÃO ESTOU ME SENTINDO BEM".)
 Direct Speech Reported Speech

PRESENT SIMPLE → PAST SIMPLE Present Simple → I like your new car. (Eu gosto Past Simple → He said (that) he liked my new
PRESENT CONTINUOUS → PAST CONTINUOUS do seu carro novo.) car (Ele disse que gostou do meu carro novo.)

PRESENT PERFECT → PAST PERFECT

PAST SIMPLE → PAST PERFECT Present Continuous → I am getting married.(Eu Past Continuous → She said (that) she was
vou me casar.) getting married. (Ela disse que vai se casar.)
WILL → WOULD
AM/IS/ARE GOING TO → WAS/WERE GOING TO
Past Perfect → He said (that) they had
Present Perfect → We have bought the tickets.
bought the tickets. (Ele disse que eles tinham
(Nós temos comprado os ingressos.)
comprado os bilhetes.)

Past Simple → I missed the train. (Eu perdi o Past Perfect → He said (that) he had missed the
trem.) train. (Ele disse que ele tinha perdido o trem.)

Will → I will see you later. (Eu verei você mais Would → He said (that) he would see me later.
tarde.) (Ele disse que ele me veria mais tarde.)

Was/Were Going to → He said he was going

Am/Is/Are Going to → I am going to join the
to a class. (Ele disse que ele estava indo se
class. (Eu estou indo me juntar a turma.)
juntar a turma.)
THE COMPONENTS OF AN ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
•AN ADJECTIVE CLAUSE (ALSO CALLED A RELATIVE CLAUSE) WILL HAVE THE FOLLOWING THREE
TRAITS:TRAIT 1. IT WILL START WITH A RELATIVE PRONOUN (WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, THAT,
OR WHICH) OR A RELATIVE ADVERB (WHEN, WHERE, OR WHY).
•(THIS LINKS IT TO THE NOUN IT IS MODIFYING.)
(NOTE: QUITE OFTEN, THE RELATIVE PRONOUN CAN BE OMITTED. HOWEVER, WITH AN ADJECTIVE
CLAUSE, IT IS ALWAYS POSSIBLE TO PUT ONE IN. THERE IS MORE ON THIS BELOW.)TRAIT 2. IT WILL
HAVE A SUBJECT AND A VERB.
•(THESE ARE WHAT MAKE IT A CLAUSE.)TRAIT 3. IT WILL TELL US SOMETHING ABOUT THE NOUN.
(THIS IS WHY IT IS A KIND OF ADJECTIVE.)
•DOGS THAT HAVE ROLLED IN MUD ARE NOT ALLOWED UPSTAIRS.
•WE ARE EXPECTING DAYS THAT WILL MELT THE TARMAC
•STARS THAT SHONE LIKE CAR HEADLAMPS ILLUMINATED THE FIELD.
FUTURE IN THE PAST:
IR /EU IRIA, TU IRIAS,ELE IRIA, NÓS IRÍAMOS, VÓS IRÍEIS, ELES IRIAM. PENSAR /
EU PENSARIA, TU PENSARIAS, ELE PENSARIA, NÓS PENSARÍAMOS, VÓS
PENSARÍEIS, ELES PENSARIAM.... ETC

COMO O FUTURO SIMPLES, O FUTURO DO PRETÉRITO POSSUI DUAS FORMAS

DIFERENTES EM INGLÊS: "WOULD" E "WAS GOING TO". APESAR DAS DUAS
FORMAS PODEREM SER ALGUMAS VEZES USADAS ALTERNADAMENTE, ELAS
EXPRESSAM DOIS SIGNIFICADOS DIFERENTES.

FORMA WOULD
[WOULD + VERBO]
EXEMPLOS:

I KNEW YOU WOULD HELP HIM. EU SABIA QUE VOCÊ IRÍA ME AJUDAR.
I KNEW YOU WOULD NOT HELP HIM. EU SABIA QUE VOCÊ NÃO IRIA ME AJUDAR.

FORMA WAS/WERE GOING TO

[WAS/WERE + GOING TO + VERBO]

EXEMPLOS:

I KNEW YOU WERE GOING TO GO TO THE PARTY. EU SABIA QUE VOCÊ ESTAVA
INDO PARA A FESTA.
I KNEW YOU WERE NOT GOING TO GO TO THE PARTY. EU SABIA QUE VOCÊ NÃO
ESTAVA INDO PARA A FESTA
O FUTURO DO PRETÉRITO É USADO PARA EXPRESSAR A IDÉIA DE QUE NO PASSADO VOCÊ
PENSOU EM ALGO QUE IRIA ACONTECER NO FUTURO. NÃO INTERESSA SE VOCÊ ESTÁ
CORRETO OU NÃO. O PRETÉRITO PERFEITO SEGUE AS MESMAS REGRAS BÁSICAS DO
FUTURO SIMPLES. "WOULD" É USADO PARA OFERECER-SE OU PROMESSA E "WAS GOING
TO" É USADO PARA PLANEJAR. ALÉM DISSO AS DUAS FORMAS PODEM SER USADAS PARA
FAZER PREDIÇÕES SOBRE O FUTURO.

EXEMPLOS:

I TOLD YOU HE WAS GOING TO COME TO THE PARTY. PLAN

EU LHE DISSE QUE ELE IRIA VIR PARA A FESTA. PLANO

I KNEW JULIE WOULD MAKE DINNER. VOLUNTARY ACTION

EU SABIA QUE JULIE IRIA FAZER O JANTAR. AÇÃO VOLUNTÁRIA

JANE SAID SAM WAS GOING TO BRING HIS SISTER WITH HIM, BUT HE CAME ALONE. PLAN
JANE DISSE QUE SAM IRIA TRAZER SUA IRMÃ COM ELE, MAS ELE VEIO SOZINHO. PLANO

I HAD A FEELING THAT THE VACATION WAS GOING TO BE A DISASTER. PREDICTION

EU TINHA UM PRESSENTIMENTO DE QUE AS FÉRIAS IRIAM SER UM
DESASTRE. PREDIÇÃO

HE PROMISED HE WOULD SEND A POSTCARD FROM EGYPT. PROMISE

COMO TODAS AS FORMAS FUTURAS, O PRETÉRITO DO PERFEITO NÃO PODE SER USADAS
EM CLÁUSULAS QUE INICIEM COM EXPRESSÕES DE TEMPO TAIS COMO: WHEN, WHILE,
BEFORE, AFTER, BY THE TIME, AS SOON AS, IF, UNLESS, ETC. EM VEZ DE USAR O
FUTURO DO PRETÉRITO DEVE-SE USAR O PASSADO SIMPLES.

EXEMPLOS:

I ALREADY TOLD MARK THAT WHEN HE WOULD ARRIVE, WE WOULD GO OUT FOR
DINNER. NOT CORRECT
I ALREADY TOLD MARK THAT WHEN HE ARRIVED, WE WOULD GO OUT FOR
DINNER. CORRECT
ATIVO/PASSIVO

EXEMPLOS:

I KNEW JOHN WOULD FINISH THE WORK BY 5:00 PM. ACTIVE

I KNEW THE WORK WOULD BE FINISHED BY 5:00 PM. PASSIVE

I THOUGHT SALLY WAS GOING TO MAKE A BEAUTIFUL DINNER. ACTIVE

I THOUGHT A BEAUTIFUL DINNER WAS GOING TO BE MADE BY SALLY. PASSIVE
PAST REAL CONDITIONAL
FORM
[IF / WHEN ... SIMPLE PAST ..., ... SIMPLE PAST ...]
[... SIMPLE PAST... IF / WHEN ... SIMPLE PAST ...]
USE
THE PAST REAL CONDITIONAL DESCRIBES WHAT YOU USED TO DO IN PARTICULAR REAL-LIFE
SITUATIONS. IT SUGGESTS THAT YOUR HABITS HAVE CHANGED AND YOU DO NOT USUALLY DO
THESE THINGS TODAY.
•EXAMPLES:IF I WENT TO A FRIEND'S HOUSE FOR DINNER, I USUALLY TOOK A BOTTLE OF WINE
OR SOME FLOWERS. I DON'T DO THAT ANYMORE.
•WHEN I HAD A DAY OFF FROM WORK, I OFTEN WENT TO THE BEACH. NOW, I NEVER GET TIME
OFF.
•IF THE WEATHER WAS NICE, SHE OFTEN WALKED TO WORK. NOW, SHE USUALLY DRIVES.
•JERRY ALWAYS HELPED ME WITH MY HOMEWORK WHEN HE HAD TIME. BUT HE DOESN'T DO
THAT ANYMORE.
•A: WHAT DID YOU USUALLY DO WHEN IT RAINED?
B: I USUALLY STAYED AT HOME.
THE FORM "USED TO" EXPRESSES THE IDEA THAT SOMETHING WAS AN OLD HABIT THAT STOPPED
IN THE PAST. THIS FORM IS COMMONLY USED IN PAST REAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TO
EMPHASIZE THAT SOMETHING WAS A HABIT. THE EXAMPLES BELOW HAVE THE SAME MEANING AS
THE EXAMPLES ABOVE.
EXAMPLES:
•IF I WENT TO A FRIEND'S HOUSE FOR DINNER, I USED TO TAKE A BOTTLE OF WINE OR SOME
FLOWERS. I DON'T DO THAT ANYMORE.
•WHEN I HAD A DAY OFF FROM WORK, I USED TO GO TO THE BEACH. NOW, I NEVER GET TIME OFF.
•IF THE WEATHER WAS NICE, SHE USED TO WALK TO WORK. NOW, SHE USUALLY DRIVES.
•JERRY USED TO HELP ME WITH MY HOMEWORK WHEN HE HAD TIME. BUT HE DOESN'T DO THAT
ANYMORE.
•A: WHAT DID YOU USUALLY DO WHEN IT RAINED?
B: I USED TO STAY AT HOME.
IF / WHEN
BOTH "IF" AND "WHEN" ARE USED IN THE PAST REAL CONDITIONAL. USING "IF"
SUGGESTS THAT SOMETHING HAPPENED LESS FREQUENTLY. USING "WHEN"
SUGGESTS THAT SOMETHING HAPPENED REGULARLY.
EXAMPLES:
•WHEN I HAD A DAY OFF FROM WORK, I USUALLY WENT TO THE BEACH.
I REGULARLY HAD DAYS OFF FROM WORK.
•IF I HAD A DAY OFF FROM WORK, I USUALLY WENT TO THE BEACH.
I RARELY HAD DAYS OFF FROM WORK.
PAST UNREAL CONDITIONAL
FORM
[IF ... PAST PERFECT ..., ... WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE ... ]
[... WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE ... IF ... PAST PERFECT ...]
USE
THE PAST UNREAL CONDITIONAL (ALSO CALLED CONDITIONAL 3) IS USED TO TALK ABOUT IMAGINARY
SITUATIONS IN THE PAST. YOU CAN DESCRIBE WHAT YOU WOULD HAVE DONE DIFFERENTLY OR HOW
SOMETHING COULD HAVE HAPPENED DIFFERENTLY IF CIRCUMSTANCES HAD BEEN DIFFERENT.
EXAMPLES:
•IF I HAD OWNED A CAR, I WOULD HAVE DRIVEN TO WORK. BUT I DIDN'T OWN ONE, SO I TOOK THE
BUS.
•SHE WOULD HAVE TRAVELED AROUND THE WORLD IF SHE HAD HAD MORE MONEY. BUT SHE DIDN'T
HAVE MUCH MONEY, SO SHE NEVER TRAVELED.
•I WOULD HAVE READ MORE AS A CHILD IF I HADN'T WATCHED SO MUCH TV. UNFORTUNATELY, I DID
WATCH A LOT OF TV, SO I NEVER READ FOR ENTERTAINMENT.
•MARY WOULD HAVE GOTTEN THE JOB AND MOVED TO JAPAN IF SHE HAD STUDIED JAPANESE IN
SCHOOL INSTEAD OF FRENCH.
•IF JACK HAD WORKED HARDER, HE WOULD HAVE EARNED MORE MONEY. UNFORTUNATELY, HE WAS
LAZY AND HE DIDN'T EARN MUCH.
•A: WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE IF YOU HAD WON THE LOTTERY LAST WEEK?
B: I WOULD HAVE BOUGHT A HOUSE.
•A: WHAT CITY WOULD YOU HAVE CHOSEN IF YOU HAD DECIDED TO MOVE TO THE UNITED STATES?
B: I WOULD HAVE CHOSEN SEATTLE.
ONLY USE "IF"
ONLY THE WORD "IF" IS USED WITH THE PAST UNREAL CONDITIONAL BECAUSE YOU ARE
DISCUSSING IMAGINARY SITUATIONS. "WHEN" CANNOT BE USED.
EXAMPLES:
•I WOULD HAVE BOUGHT THAT COMPUTER WHEN IT HAD BEEN CHEAPER. NOT CORRECT
•I WOULD HAVE BOUGHT THAT COMPUTER IF IT HAD BEEN CHEAPER. CORRECT
EXCEPTION CONDITIONAL WITH MODAL VERBS
THERE ARE SOME SPECIAL CONDITIONAL FORMS FOR MODAL VERBS IN ENGLISH:
WOULD HAVE + CAN = COULD HAVE
WOULD HAVE + SHALL = SHOULD HAVE
WOULD HAVE + MAY = MIGHT HAVE
THE WORDS "CAN," "SHALL" AND "MAY" CANNOT BE USED WITH "WOULD HAVE." INSTEAD,
THEY MUST BE USED IN THESE SPECIAL FORMS.
EXAMPLES:
•IF I HAD GONE TO EGYPT, I COULD HAVE LEARNED ARABIC.
•IF SHE HAD HAD TIME, SHE MIGHT HAVE GONE TO THE PARTY.
THE WORDS "COULD," SHOULD," "MIGHT" AND "OUGHT TO" INCLUDE CONDITIONAL, SO
YOU CANNOT COMBINE THEM WITH "WOULD HAVE."
EXAMPLES:
•IF I HAD HAD MORE TIME, I COULD HAVE EXERCISED AFTER WORK.
•IF HE HAD INVITED YOU, YOU MIGHT HAVE GONE.
COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
A COUNT NOUN REFERS TO PEOPLE, PLACES, AND THINGS THAT ARE SEPARATE
UNITS. YOU MAKE COUNT NOUNS PLURAL BY ADDING -S.

Count Nouns

Count Noun Sentence

Quarter It takes six quarters to do my laundry.
Chair Make sure to push in your chairs before leaving class.
Candidate The two candidates debated the issue.
Adult The three adults in the room acted like children.
Comedian The two comedians made the audience laugh.
 Types of Noncount Nouns

Type of Noncount Noun Examples Sentence

Add more sugar to my coffee,
Food sugar, salt, pepper, lettuce, rice
please.
The ice cream was covered in
Solids concrete, chocolate, silver, soap
creamy chocolate.
peace, warmth, hospitality, I need more information about the
Abstract Nouns
information insurance policy.
 EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

DOES ANYONE KNOW…

DO YOU KNOW…

COULD YOU PLEASE TELL ME/SAY…

CAN YOU TELL ME…

DO YOU THINK…

WOULD YOU MIND TELLING ME…

DO YOU HAVE ANY IDEA…

PERGUNTA DIRETA: HOW OLD ARE YOU?

PERGUNTA INDIRETA: CAN YOU TELL ME HOW OLD YOU ARE?
PERGUNTA DIRETA: WHAT TIME IS IT?
PERGUNTA INDIRETA: DO YOU KNOW WHAT TIME IT IS?
PERGUNTA DIRETA: WHERE ARE YOUR KIDS?
PERGUNTA INDIRETA: CAN YOU TELL ME WHERE YOUR KIDS ARE?
QUANDO VOCÊ FIZER PERGUNTAS EM QUE APARECEM OS AUXILIARES “DO”, “DOES” E
“DID” NA FORMA DIRETA, LEMBRE-SE DE TIRÁ-LOS NA FORMA INDIRETA. FAÇA A SEGUINTE
MUDANÇA:
PERGUNTA DIRETA: WHERE DOES SARA LIVE?
PERGUNTA INDIRETA: DO YOU HAVE ANY IDEA WHERE SARA LIVES?
PERGUNTA DIRETA: WHAT TIME DID THE MATCH START?
PERGUNTA INDIRETA: DOES ANYONE KNOW WHAT TIME THE MATCH STARTED?
SE A PERGUNTA NÃO TEM QUESTION WORDS, COMO “WHAT”, “WHERE” OU “HOW”,
COLOCAMOS “IF” OU “WHETHER” NA FORMA INDIRETA. NO INGLÊS, OS DOIS TERMOS
SIGNIFICAM “SE”. CONFIRA ALGUNS EXEMPLOS DESSE USO:
PERGUNTA DIRETA: IS HE GOING OUT TONIGHT?
PERGUNTA INDIRETA: DO YOU KNOW IF HE IS GOING OUT TONIGHT?
PERGUNTA DIRETA: IS THERE A SUPERMARKET NEAR HERE?
PERGUNTA INDIRETA: DOES ANYONE KNOW WHETHER THERE IS A SUPERMARKET
NEAR HERE?
EM PERGUNTAS DO TIPO SUBJECT QUESTION, EM QUE A QUESTION WORD ATUA
COMO SUJEITO, NÃO HÁ MUDANÇAS, POIS ELA JÁ NÃO TEM AUXILIARES OU
INVERSÕES. CONFIRA O EXEMPLO:
PERGUNTA DIRETA: WHO LOVES MARY?
PERGUNTA INDIRETA: CAN YOU TELL ME WHO LOVES MARY?
AS EMBEDDED QUESTIONS PODEM SER USADAS EM DIVERSAS SITUAÇÕES. POR
ISSO, VEJA MAIS ALGUNS EXEMPLOS:
COULD YOU PLEASE TELL ME WHAT YOUR NAME IS?
DO YOU THINK HE’S GONNA BE ALRIGHT?
CAN YOU TELL ME WHERE THE CLEAN CLOTHES ARE?
DOES ANYONE KNOW WHERE PAUL IS? HE’S LATE!
CAN YOU TELL ME HOW MARY IS DOING, PLEASE?
WOULD YOU MIND TELLING ME WHERE YOU LIVE?
DO YOU KNOW WHAT TIME FLIGHT 454 ARRIVES?
DO YOU KNOW IF SHE’S COMING TO THE MEETING?
QUESTÕES TAMBÉM PODEM APARECER IMPLÍCITAS EM FRASES QUE NÃO SÃO
PERGUNTAS, CHAMADAS DE STATEMENTS. ESSE USO VAI DEPENDER DO CONTEXTO EM
QUE VOCÊ ESTÁ DIZENDO ALGO. VEJA ALGUNS EXEMPLOS DE COMO INICIAR FRASES
ASSIM A SEGUIR:
I WONDER…
I DON’T KNOW…
WE DON’T REMEMBER…
I’M NOT SURE…
I FORGOT…
I GUESS YOU HAVEN’T TOLD ME...
LET’S FIND OUT…
WE HAVE TO FIND OUT…
I DON’T KNOW WHERE HE IS! (EM VEZ DE “WHERE IS HE?”.)
I GUESS YOU HAVEN’T TOLD ME YOUR NAME. (EM VEZ DE “WHAT’S YOUR NAME?”.)
I WONDER HOW OLD YOU ARE. (EM VEZ DE “HOW OLD ARE YOU?”.)
I DON’T REMEMBER WHERE YOU LIVE. (EM VEZ DE “WHERE DO YOU LIVE?”.)
I HAVE TO FIND OUT WHY SHE DIDN’T COME TO THE MEETING. (EM VEZ DE “WHY
DIDN’T SHE COME TO THE MEETING?”.)
I WONDER WHAT SHE IS BUYING FOR HER BOYFRIEND. (EM VEZ DE “WHAT IS SHE
BUYING FOR HER BOYFRIEND?”.)