1. Program to count the number of vowels and consonants in a given string.

%{
#include <stdio.h>
int vowels = 0;
int cons = 0;
%}

%%
[aeiouAEIOU] { vowels++; }
[b-df-hj-np-tv-zB-DF-HJ-NP-TV-Z] { cons++; }
. ; /* ignore everything else */
%%

int yywrap() {
return 1;
}

int main() {
printf("Enter the string (press Ctrl+D to end input):\n");
yylex();
printf("Number of vowels = %d\nNumber of consonants = %d\n", vowels, cons);
return 0;
}

Bash:
cd "C:\Users\hp\OneDrive\Desktop\midcomplier"
flex int.l
gcc [Link].c -o int
./int

2. Program to count the number of characters, words, spaces, end of lines in a given input file.

%{
#include <stdio.h>

int c = 0, w = 0, s = 0, l = 0;
%}

%%
[ \t] { s++; c++; } /* space or tab */
\n { l++; c++; } /* new line */
[^\t\n ]+ { w++; c += yyleng; } /* word */
. { c++; } /* any other character */
%%
 int yywrap() {
return 1;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usage: %s <inputfile>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}

yyin = fopen(argv[1], "r");

if (!yyin) {
printf("Cannot open file %s\n", argv[1]);
return 1;
}

yylex();

printf("\nNumber of characters = %d\n", c);

printf("Number of words = %d\n", w);
printf("Number of spaces = %d\n", s);
printf("Number of lines = %d\n", l);

fclose(yyin);
return 0;
}

[Link]

Hello world
This is a Lex test

Bash:
flex count.l
gcc [Link].c -o count
./count [Link]

3. Program to count the number of characters in a string.

%{
#include <stdio.h>
int count = 0;
%}

%%
[A-Z] { printf("%s is a capital letter\n", yytext); count++; }
[a-z] { printf("%s is not a capital letter\n", yytext); }
 \n { return 0; }
. ; /* ignore any other character */
%%

int yywrap() {
return 1;
}

int main() {
printf("Enter a string (press Ctrl+Z then Enter to end):\n");
yylex();
printf("\nNumber of capital letters in the given input = %d\n", count);
return 0;
}
Bash:
flex capital.l
gcc [Link].c -o capital
./capital

4. Program to count the no of comment line in a given C program. Also eliminate them and
copy that program into separate file.

%{
#include <stdio.h>
int com = 0;
%}

%x COMMENT

%%
"/*" { BEGIN(COMMENT); com++; } /* start of multi-line comment */
<COMMENT>"*/" { BEGIN(INITIAL); } /* end of multi-line comment */
<COMMENT>\n { com++; } /* count comment lines */
<COMMENT>. { /* ignore comment content */ }

"//".* { com++; } /* single-line comment */

.|\n { fprintf(yyout, "%s", yytext); } /* copy rest of code */

%%

int yywrap() { return 1; }

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

if (argc != 3) {
printf("Usage: %s <sourcefile> <destinationfile>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
 yyin = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if (!yyin) {
printf("Cannot open source file: %s\n", argv[1]);
return 1;
}

yyout = fopen(argv[2], "w");

if (!yyout) {
printf("Cannot open destination file: %s\n", argv[2]);
fclose(yyin);
return 1;
}

yylex();

printf("Number of comment lines = %d\n", com);

fclose(yyin);
fclose(yyout);
return 0;
}

Input.c

#include <stdio.h>

// This is a single-line comment

int main() {
/* This is
a multi-line comment */
printf("Hello!\n"); // End of line comment
return 0;
}

Output.c

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
printf("Hello!\n");
return 0;
}

Bash:

cd "C:\Users\hp\OneDrive\Desktop\midcomplier"
flex count.l
 gcc [Link].c -o count
./count input.c output.c

5. Program to recognize and count the number of pascal identifiers in a given input file.

%{
#include <stdio.h>
int identifier_count = 0;
%}

letter [a-zA-Z]
digit [0-9]

%%
{letter}({letter}|{digit})* { identifier_count++; } /* valid Pascal identifier */
.|\n { /* ignore everything else */ }
%%

int yywrap() { return 1; }

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usage: %s <input_file>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}

yyin = fopen(argv[1], "r");

if (!yyin) {
perror("Error opening file");
return 1;
}

yylex();

printf("Total identifiers found = %d\n", identifier_count);

fclose(yyin);
return 0;
}

[Link]

program Test;
var
Sum, Number1, Number2: integer;
begin
Sum := Number1 + Number2;
end.
 Bash:
cd "C:\Users\hp\OneDrive\Desktop\midcomplier"
flex countid.l
gcc [Link].c -o countid
./countid [Link]

6. Program to identify the unsigned numbers and identifiers are valid or not.

%{
#include <stdio.h>
%}

num [0-9]
id [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*

%%

{id} { printf("Valid Identifier: %s\n", yytext); }

{num}+(\.{num}+)?(E[+-]?{num}+)? { printf("Valid Unsigned Number: %s\n", yytext); }
[ \t\n]+ { /* ignore spaces, tabs, newlines */ }
. { printf("Invalid token: %s\n", yytext); }

%%

int yywrap() { return 1; }

int main() {
printf("Enter input (Ctrl+Z to end):\n");
yylex();
return 0;
}
Bash:
cd "C:\Users\hp\OneDrive\Desktop\midcomplier"
flex countvalid.l
gcc [Link].c -o countvalid
./countvalid

Input:
abc123
12.34
1.2E5
12E
@var

[Link] and Yaac Program Program to recognize a valid variable, which starts with a letter,.
followed by any number of letters or digits.

var.y
%{
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int yylex();
int yyerror(const char *msg);
%}

%token DIGIT LETTER UND NL

%%
stmt: variable NL { printf("Valid Identifier\n"); exit(0); }
;

variable: LETTER alphanumeric

;

alphanumeric:
LETTER alphanumeric
| DIGIT alphanumeric
| UND alphanumeric
| /* empty */
;
%%

int yyerror(const char *msg) {

printf("Invalid Identifier\n");
exit(0);
}

int main() {
printf("Enter a variable name:\n");
yyparse();
return 0;
}

var.l

%{
#include "[Link].h"
%}

%%
[a-zA-Z] { return LETTER; }
[0-9] { return DIGIT; }
_ { return UND; }
\n { return NL; }
. { return yytext[0]; }
%%
int yywrap() { return 1; }

bash:
flex var.l
bison -d var.y
gcc [Link].c [Link].c -o var
./var

Program to recognize strings 'aaab', 'abbb", "ab" and 'a' using grammar (a"b", n>=0)

string.y

%{
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int yylex();
int yyerror(const char *msg);
%}

%token A B NL

%%
stmt: s NL { printf("Valid String\n"); exit(0); }
;

s: A s B /* Recursive rule to match a...b pairs */

|AB
|B
;
%%

int yyerror(const char *msg) {

printf("Invalid String\n");
exit(0);
}

int main() {
printf("Enter the string:\n");
yyparse();
return 0;
}

string.l

%{
#include "[Link].h"
%}

%%
[aA] { return A; }
[bB] { return B; }
\n { return NL; }
. { return yytext[0]; }
%%

int yywrap() {
return 1;
}

Bash:
flex string.l
yacc -d string.y
gcc [Link].c [Link].c -o string
./string

Bash:
flex string.l
bison -d string.y
gcc [Link].c [Link].c -o string
string

Program recognize the grammar (a"b, n>=10) token ABNL

string.y

%{
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int yylex();
int yyerror(char *s);
%}

%token A B NL

%%

stmt : S B NL { printf("Valid String\n"); exit(0); }

;

S : A A A A A A A A A A A_list
;

A_list : A A_list
 | /* empty */
;

%%

int yyerror(char *s) {

printf("Invalid String\n");
exit(0);
}

int main() {
printf("Enter the string:\n");
yyparse();
return 0;
}

string.l

%{
#include "[Link].h"
%}

%%

[aA] { return A; }
[bB] { return B; }
\n { return NL; }
. { return yytext[0]; }

%%

Bash:
flex string.l
bison -d string.y # or use yacc -d string.y
gcc [Link].c [Link].c -o string
./string # or "[Link]" on Windows

Program to evaluate Arithmetic expression.

expr.y

%{
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int yylex();
int yyerror(char *s);
%}

%token NUMBER
%left '+' '-'
%left '*' '/'
%left '(' ')'

%%

E : E '+' E { $$ = $1 + $3; }
| E '-' E { $$ = $1 - $3; }
| E '*' E { $$ = $1 * $3; }
| E '/' E {
if($3 == 0) {
printf("Division by zero error\n");
exit(1);
} else {
$$ = $1 / $3;
}
}
| '(' E ')' { $$ = $2; }
| NUMBER { $$ = $1; }
;

%%

int main() {
printf("Enter arithmetic expression:\n");
yyparse();
return 0;
}

int yyerror(char *s) {

printf("Expression is invalid.\n");
exit(0);
}

expr.l

%{
#include "[Link].h"
#include <stdlib.h>
%}

%%

[0-9]+ { yylval = atoi(yytext); return NUMBER; }

[\t ]+ ; // ignore spaces
. { return yytext[0]; }

%%

Bash:

flex expr.l
bison -d expr.y # or yacc -d expr.y
gcc [Link].c [Link].c -o expr
./expr # or [Link] on Windows

Input:
3+5*2