UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DA AMAZÔNIA

CAMPUS TOMÉ-AÇU
CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM LETRAS – LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA

Prof. Marcelo Spitzner

Disciplina: Inglês para fins específicos
Conteúdo: Presente Simples

SIMPLE PRESENT
Simple Present Tense, também chamado de Present Simple (presente simples), é um
dos tempos verbais do inglês.

Ele é equivalente ao presente do indicativo na língua portuguesa.

Quando usar o Simple Present?

O Simple Present é um tempo verbal utilizado para indicar ações habituais que ocorrem
no presente.

Além disso, ele é usado para expressar verdades

universais, sentimentos, desejos, opiniões e preferências.

Por vezes, as frases no Simple Present apresentam expressões de tempo (advérbios).

As mais usuais são:

Advérbio Tradução
now agora

always sempre

never nunca
today hoje
every day todos os dias
daily diariamente
often frequentemente
 Advérbio Tradução
sometimes às vezes
generally geralmente
usually usualmente

Veja alguns exemplos de frases no Simple Present:

 He plays soccer very well. (Ele joga futebol muito bem.)

 She loves chocolate. (Ela ama chocolate.)
 They go to school in the afternoon. (Eles vão para a escola de tarde.)
 I always read the newspaper in the morning. (Eu sempre leio o jornal de manhã.)
 We generally travel to Brazil in December. (Geralmente nós viajamos para o Brasil em
dezembro.)

Regras do Simple Present

A conjugação do Simple Present varia de acordo com a pessoa verbal, com a
terminação do verbo e com o tipo de frase (afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.)

Confira abaixo a explicação sobre a formação do Simple Present nas

formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.

Affirmative Form (forma afirmativa)

Como regra geral, pode-se dizer que para conjugar um verbo no Simple Present, basta
usá-lo no infinitivo sem o to no caso dos pronomes I, you, we e they, e acrescentar -s, -
es ou -ies no caso dos pronomes he, she e it.

Veja abaixo um exemplo com a conjugação do verbo to work (trabalhar; funcionar):

 No entanto, há algumas regras específicas para a flexão da terceira pessoa do singular
(he, she e it) que estão relacionadas com a terminação dos verbos.

Verbos terminados em -o, -z, -ss, -ch, -sh, -x - É

preciso acrescentar -es no final do verbo.
Exemplos:
 to teach (ensinar) - teaches
 to watch (assistir) - watches
 to push (empurrar) - pushes
 to kiss (beijar) - kisses
 to go (ir) - goes
 to fix (consertar) - fixes

Verbos terminados em -y precedido de consoante -

Retira-se o -y e acrescenta-se –ies

Exemplos:
 to fry (fritar) - fries
 to fly (voar) - flies
 to study (estudar) - studies
 to worry (preocupar-se) - worries

Verbos terminados em -y precedido de vogal -

Acrescenta-se somente o -s.

Exemplos:
 to say (dizer) - says
 to play (brincar; jogar) - plays
Posição do verbo em frases afirmativas

Veja abaixo a estrutura de formação de frases afirmativas no Simple Present:

Sujeito + verbo principal + complemento

Exemplos:
 I live in Brazil. (Eu moro no Brasil). - verbo to live (morar, viver).
 He teaches Spanish at the university. (Ele ensina espanhol na universidade.) - verbo to
teach (ensinar).

 Let´s Practice
Sentence Translation Infinitive 3rd Person of
Singular
They prefer Italian food.
Eles preferem comida to prefer prefers
italiana
She watches TV every
day to watch
We like to go to the
beach during the week
It pushes the door when
it wants to get in Ele/ela empurra a porta pushes
quanto quer entrar
You always arrive late
She always kisses her
grandma before leaving Ela sempre beija a avó
antes de sair
He goes to the gym on
weekends
She fixes her car by
herself to fix

Negative Form (forma negativa)

A forma negativa do Simple Present é formada com o uso dos verbos

auxiliares do e does.

Do é usado com os pronomes I, you, we e they. Já o auxiliar does é usado

com he, she, it.

Veja abaixo a conjugação da forma negativa do verbo to work (trabalhar; funcionar)

no Simple Present.
 Observe que na forma negativa do Simple Present, o verbo sempre é usado no
infinitivo sem o to, mesmo quando se trata da terceira pessoa do singular (he, she e it).

As frases na negativa podem ser escritas de forma completa (do not ou does not) ou de
forma contraída (don't ou doesn't):

 Do + not = don’t
 Does + not = doesn’t

Posição do verbo em frases negativas

Veja abaixo a estrutura de formação de frases negativas no Simple Present:

Sujeito + verbo auxiliar + not + verbo principal + complemento

Exemplos:
 I do not live in Brazil. (Eu não moro no Brasil). - verbo to live (morar, viver).
 He does not teach Spanish at the university. (Ele não ensina espanhol na
universidade.) - verbo to teach (ensinar).

Let´s Practice
Negative Sentence Translation Infinitive Afirmative Sentence
They don't prefer Italian
food. Eles não preferem comida to prefer They prefer Italian
italiana food
She doesn't watch TV
every day She whatches TV
every day
We do not like to go to the
beach during the week
It does not push the door
when it wants to get in Ele/ela não empurra a
porta quanto quer entrar
You don't arrive late

She doesn't kiss her

grandma before leaving. to kiss
He does not go to the gym
on weekends
She doesn't fix her car by
herself
 Interrogative Form (forma interrogativa)

Assim como acontece nas frases negativas, os auxiliares do e does são utilizados para
formar frases interrogativas no Simple Present.

Do é usado com I, you, we e they, e does é usado com he, she e it.

Veja abaixo a conjugação da forma interrogativa do verbo to work (trabalhar; funcionar)

no Simple Present:

Note que o verbo sempre é usado no infinitivo sem o to, mesmo quando se trata da
terceira pessoa do singular (he, she e it).

Posição do verbo em frases interrogativas

Veja abaixo a estrutura de formação de frases interrogativas no Simple Present.

Verbo auxiliar + sujeito + verbo principal + complemento

Exemplos:
 Do I own you money? (Eu te devo dinheiro?). - verbo to own (dever).
 Does he teach Spanish at the university? (Ele ensina espanhol na universidade?) -
verbo to teach (ensinar).

Let´s Practice
Negative Sentence Translation Infinitive Other examples
Do they prefer Italian
food? Eles preferem comida to prefer Do they like to
italiana? eat vegetables?
 Does she
every day?
watch TV
to watch
 Do we have classes on
Saturdays?  Nós temos aulas aos
sábados?
 Does it push the door
when it wants to get in? Does the dog
bark at night?
 Do you arrive late?

 Does she kiss her

grandma before leaving?
 Does he go to the gym on
weekends?
 Does she fix her car by
herself?

IMPORTANTE
O verbo to do significa fazer. No entanto, no Simple Present ele é usado como verbo
auxiliar que complementa a formação das frases negativas e interrogativas.

Enquanto auxiliares, do e does não têm significado.

Os auxiliares do e does também são usados em respostas curtas.

Observe os exemplos abaixo:

 Tabelas de verbos conjugados
Agora que você já aprendeu as regras do Simple Present, veja alguns exemplos de
verbos conjugados.

Verbo to love (amar)

Affirmative Negative Interrogativa

I love I do not/don't love Do I love?

You love You do not/don't love Do you love?

He loves He does not/doesn't love Does he love?

She loves She does not/doesn't love Does she love?

It loves It does not/doesn't love Does it love?

We love We do not/don't love Do we love?

You love You do not/don't love Do you love?

They love They do not/don't love Do they love?

Verbo to be (ser/estar)

Affirmative Negative Interrogativa

I am/I'm I am not/I'm not Am I?

You are/You're You are not/aren't Are you?

He is/He's He is not/isn't Is he?

She is/She's She is not/isn't Is she?

It is/It's It is not/isn't Is it?

We are/We're We are not/aren't Are we?

 Affirmative Negative Interrogativa

You are/You're You are not/aren't Are you?

They are/They're They are not/aren't Are they?

Verbo to have (ter)

Affirmative Negative Interrogativa

I have I do not/don't have Do I have?

You have You do not/don't have Do you have?

He has He does not/doesn't have Does he have?

She has She does not/doesn't have Does she have?

It has It does not/doesn't have Does it have?

We have We do not/don't have Do we have?

You have You do not/don't have Do you have?

They have They do not/don't have Do they have?

Let´s pratice
1- Read the following sentences. Underline the verb in each
sentence. (0,5 pontos)

a. We live in an apartment on the boulevard.

b. Some children learn very fast.
c. We go for swimming lessons on Sunday.
d. I like my new bike.
e. Babies sometimes sleep during the day.
f. My dad buys a newspaper every morning.
g. These dolls belong to Kathleen.
h. I often walk to school with my dad.
i. My sister plays the piano very well.
j. Sarah sometimes reads in bed at night.

2- Fill in the blank spaces with the third person singular form
of the verbs in parentheses. (0,5 pontos)

Example: Ali looks (look) sad today.

a. Sumiko ___________ (speak) English very well.

b. Mr. Kim __________ (come) to school on his motorbike.
c. My neighbor’s dog __________ (bark) very loudly.
d. My little brother always ___________ (brush) his teeth properly.
e. Dad is so tall that his head almost __________ (touch) the ceiling.
f. Our dog __________ (catch) the ball in its teeth.
g. Mom ___________ (mix) vinegar and oil to make salad dressing.
h. Sally ___________ (try) not to disturb her brother when he’s
reading.
i. Dad __________ (buy) his newspaper from the store on the corner.
j. Her music ___________ (annoy) me when I’m doing my homework.

3- Look at the pairs of subjects and verbs below. Then write a

sentence using each subject with the simple present form
of the verb. (1,0 ponto)

a. Dad/go: Dad goes to work on his bike.

b. My brother/ride:
c. The dog/watch
d. The bus/leave
e. Tom and Sam/buy
f. We/eat
g. Aunt Grace/come
h. Our neighbor/like
i. The boys/start
j. My Family/travel

Notes
4- Complete the following sentences by writing am, is or are
in the blank spaces. (1,0 ponto)

a. The weather __________ beautiful today.

b. All the children __________ on the playground.
c. Boys! You __________ always late for class.
d. __________ you on the basketball team, too?
e. Nobody in my class __________ interested in football.
f. __________ this computer more expensive than that one?
g. Sally __________ my best friend.
h. Mom and Dad _________ downstairs watching television.
i. Paul and Henry_________ in the computer room.
j. The Eiffel Tower ________ the tallest monument in Paris.

5- Leia o texto abaixo e faça o que se pede. (1,0 ponto)

Literary canons exclude works no matter how

selective canon makers are

Whether one is aware of it, literary canons permeate society on many

levels and have undoubtedly shaped everyone’s world view.

The term “literary canon” refers to a body of books, narratives and

other texts considered to be the most important and influential of a
particular time period or place. Take a 19th century American
literature course, for instance. One is being exposed to a version of a
group of texts that has, through one means or another, been
established as representative of the essential authors, movements
and historical events in America during the 1800s.

Through the course of education, when one is asked to read any

novel, essay, poem, or some other sort of text, it is because a teacher
or some other entity decided the text should be canonized. Canons,
then, can be understood as value-determining lists that are ingrained
in our education system, perhaps unavoidably so. However, the
political process of deciding what makes it into a given canon and
what does not has long been a topic of scrutiny and debate for
scholars of all academic disciplines.

Despite strides made in recent decades to reform literary canons,

issues and controversy still exist. Thus, examining how the institution
of the canon was formed, how canons have been revised over the
years and how canons function today can help to illuminate the pitfalls
of canonization, many of which have yet to be overcome.

a. Faça uma lista de, pelo menos, 10 verbos presentes no texto e

indique uma tradução.

b. Apresente uma lista de, pelo menos, 5 palavras cognatas

presentes no texto e indique uma tradução.

c. Apresente uma lista de, pelo menos,3 palavras composta por

prefixo e/ou sufixo presentes no texto e indique uma tradução
e o sentido do prefixo/sufixo correspondente.

d. Resuma com suas próprias palavras o sentido do texto.