5 1111

me + o = mo nos + o = no-lo (see [Link]) 2

Pronouns
me + a = ma nos + a = no-la 3
4
me + os = mos nos + os = no-los 5
me + as = mas nos + as = no-las 6
7
te + o = to vos + o = vo-lo 8
te + a = ta vos + a = vo-la 9
1011
te + os = tos vos + os = vo-los 1
te + as = tas vos + as = vo-las 12111
3
lhe + o = lho lhes + o = lho 4
lhe + a = lha lhes + a = lha 5
6
lhe + os = lhos lhes + os = lhos 7
lhe + as = lhas lhes + as = lhas 8
9
20111
Ele deu-me o livro. Ele deu-mo. He gave it to me. 1
2
Ele deu-te a revista. Ele deu-ta. He gave it to you. 3
Ele deu-lhe os sapatos. Ele deu-lhos. He gave them to him/her. 4
5
Ele deu-nos a caneta. Ele deu-no-la. He gave it to us. 6
Ele deu-vos os discos. Ele deu-vo-los. He gave them to you. 7
8
Ele deu-lhes a garrafa. Ele deu-lha. He gave it to them. 9
Note: Word order is the same as for any direct or indirect object pronoun 30111
(see [Link]): 1
2
Ela deu-te o livro? Did she give you the book? 3
Não, ela não mo deu. No, she did not give it to me. 4
5
6
5.1.5 Prepositional pronouns B 7
8
9
[Link] Prepositional pronouns are personal pronouns used with prepo- 40
50 sitions such as de, em, para, por, sobre: 41111
1111 Personal
2 mim me nós us
pronouns
3 ti, si1 you (vós), vocês2 you
4
5 ele, ela him, her, it eles, elas them
6
7 Essas flores são para mim?
8 Are those flowers for me?
9
1011 São. Foram enviadas por eles.
1 Yes. They were sent by them.
12111 O que vai ser de nós?
3 What will become of us?
4
Não somos ninguém sem ela.
5
We are no one without her.
6
7 Tenho um presente para si/a senhora/o senhor/o sr. Dr., etc.1
8 I have a present for you.
9 Também há presentes para vocês.2
20111 There are also presents for you.
1 1
Si corresponds to the personal pronoun você. Sometimes, to avoid confusion, one
2 can equally use o senhor, a senhora, as objects of a preposition.
3 2
The plural of ti and si is vocês, or os senhores, as senhoras, Vs. Exas., etc. (since
4 vós has become obsolete).
5
6 [Link] With the prepositions com, em and de, some prepositional
7 pronouns change their form:
8
9 com + mim = comigo com + nós = connosco, conoscoB
30111 com + ti = contigo com + vós = convosco
1 com + si = consigo
2
3 But com ele, com ela, com vocês, com eles, com elas.
4 de + ele = dele de + eles = deles
5 de + ela = dela de + elas = delas
6
7 But de mim, de ti, de nós, de vocês.
8 em + ele = nele em + eles = neles
9
em + ela = nela em + elas = nelas
40
41111 But em mim, em ti, em nós, em vocês. 51
 5 Note: Prepositional pronouns preceded by the preposition a can be used 1111
Pronouns emphatically after direct or indirect object pronouns: 2
3
Dá-me o livro a mim.
4
Give the book to me (i.e. not to someone else).
5
6
7
5.1.6 Reflexive pronounsB
8
9
eu lavo-me I wash myself 1011
1
tu lavas-te, você lava-se you wash yourself
12111
ele/ela lava-se he/she washes himself/herself 3
4
nós lavamo-nos1 we wash ourselves
5
(vós lavai-vos), vocês lavam-se you wash yourselves 6
7
eles/elas lavam-se they wash themselves
8
9
1
When the pronoun is placed after a verbal form in the first person plural, the verb 20111
loses its final -s (nós lavamos – nós lavamo-nos).
1
2
[Link] As with direct and indirect object pronouns, the reflexive 3
pronoun usually follows the verb (linked to it by a hyphen) except in nega- 4
tive and interrogative sentences, after conjunctions, prepositions and in 5
relative clauses (see [Link]): 6
7
Ele sentou-se.
8
He sat down.
9
Mas ela não se sentou. 30111
But she did not sit. 1
2
Elas choram porque se sentem tristes.
3
They cry because they feel sad.
4
Está na hora de me deitar. 5
It’s time for me to go to bed. 6
7
Ele pediu-nos que nos levantássemos.
8
He asked us to stand up.
9
Quem se senta aqui? 40
52 Who is going to sit here? 41111
1111 [Link] The reflexive pronoun se – third person singular – is often used Possessive
2 impersonally, translating the English ‘you’, ‘one’, ‘they’, ‘people’: pronouns and
3 adjectives
4 Neste restaurante come-se bem.
5 One can eat well in this restaurant.
6
7
8
5.2 Possessive pronouns and adjectives
9
Possessive pronouns and adjectives have exactly the same form in
1011
Portuguese, with the exception that the use of the article is optional with
1
possessive pronouns.B
12111
3 Possessive adjectives are placed between the definite article and the noun
4 they qualify, whereas possessive pronouns replace the noun and may be
5 preceded by the definite article to add emphasis or to denote a contrast:
6
Possessive adjective Possessive pronoun
7
8 As minhas malas são pesadas. As malas pesadas são (as)
9 minhas.
20111
My suitcases are heavy. The heavy suitcases are mine.
1
2
3
5.2.1 Possessive adjectivesB
4
5
6 o meu a minha os meus as minhas my
7
o teu/seu a tua/sua os teus/seus as tuas/suas your
8
1
9 o seu a sua os seus as suas his/her
30111 o nosso a nossa os nossos as nossas our
1
o vosso a vossa os vossos as vossas your
2
1
3 o seu a sua os seus as suas their
4
1
5 Since seu/sua/seus/suas can refer to the second person singular formal, to the third
6 person singular and to the third person plural, some confusion often arises as to
whom it refers. Therefore, seu/sua/seus/suas is usually replaced by a de phrase
7
whenever it refers to the third persons:
8
o seu carro = o carro dele/dela/deles/delas his/her/their car
9 a sua carteira = a carteira dele/dela/deles/delas his/her/their wallet
40 O trabalho dela é mais completo do que o dele.
41111 Her work is more thorough than his. 53
 5 5.2.2 Possessive pronounsB 1111
Pronouns 2
3
(o) meu (a) minha (os) meus (as) minhas mine 4
(o) teu/seu (a) tua/sua (os) teus/seus (as) tuas/suas yours 5
6
(o) seu1 (a) sua (os) seus (as) suas his/hers 7
(o) nosso (a) nossa (os) nossos (as) nossas ours 8
9
(o) vosso (a) vossa (os) vossos (as) vossas yours 1011
(o) seu1 (a) sua (os) seus (as) suas theirs 1
12111
3
1
These pronouns are usually replaced by a de phrase to avoid confusion (see 5.2.1).
4
5
6
5.2.3 In Portuguese, possessives agree in gender and number with the
7
thing possessed and not with the possessor (as it does in English):
8
A Maria veio no seu carro. 9
Maria came in her car. 20111
1
O Pedro veste a sua camisa nova. 2
Pedro puts on his new shirt. 3
4
5
5.2.4 As a rule, possessives are not used when the relationship between
6
possessor and possessed is likely or obvious. This applies particularly to
7
parts of the body, clothing or footwear; in this case, the definite article is
8
preferred:
9
Ela veio de carro. 30111
She came in her car./She came by car. 1
2
A Ana falou com a mãe.
3
Ana spoke to her mother.
4
Abre a boca e fecha os olhos. 5
Open your mouth and close your eyes. 6
7
A Raquel vestiu a camisa.
8
Raquel put on her shirt.
9
Ele engraxou os sapatos. 40
54 He polished his shoes. 41111