fato/verdade, e a oração do tipo  (first conditional) indica

Exercício resolvido
uma probabilidade. Além dessas, existem outros dois tipos
de orações condicionais em inglês:
• a oração condicional hipotética, tipo  (second 2. Mackenzie-SP 2016 The sentence “Would you
conditional), e still love me if I did something wrong?” in the third
• a oração condicional irreal, tipo  (third conditional). conditional form is
a) If I did something wrong, would you had loved me?
Analise os exemplos abaixo, extraídos da paródia do b) Would you still love me if I done something wrong?
conto da Chapeuzinho Vermelho (Uerj ) e responda c) If I had done something wrong, would you have
às perguntas. loved me?
a) I could have had it surgically fixed [if I had wanted to] – d) Had I did something wrong, would you have loved
(a oração subordinada - if-clause - está implícita na frase). me?
b) If I let you help me now, I would be expressing a lack
e) Would you have loved me if I would have done
of confidence in my own abilities.
something wrong?
1. Qual frase se refere:
• a uma situação presente improvável, imaginária, Resolução:
diferente do que ocorre na realidade? A estrutura da condicional tipo  (third conditional) é:
• a uma situação irreal, pois não se pode voltar if + past perfect; modal verb + have + past participle.
atrás no tempo para reviver a situação? A única alternativa que traz essa estrutura é a c.
2. Em cada frase, qual é o tempo verbal da oração su- A sentença original, Would you still love me if I did
bordinada (conditional clause ou if-clause)? something wrong?, está no second conditional (would
+ main verb; if + simple past). Nas outras formas de
3. Em qual frase a oração subordinante (main clause) é condicional, teríamos:
formada por Zero conditional: Do you still love me if I do something
• um verbo modal + verbo infinitivo simples ou wrong? (simple present; if + simple present). Vale
contínuo? lembrar que o uso do zero conditional em uma sen-
• um verbo modal no passado (past modal ou
tença como esta é inapropriado, pois esse tipo de
modal perfect)?
condicional expressa sempre um fato, uma verdade
Agora, considere suas respostas às perguntas acima e incontestável, e não algo que dependa da ação/de-
relacione as condicionais de tipo  e  com seu uso e forma. cisão de alguém.
First conditional: Will you still love me if I do something
Conditional Use Form
wrong? (simple future; if + simple present).
( ) situação irreal, pois não ( ) if + simple past;
1. second
podemos voltar no tempo would + main verb Resposta: alternativa C.
conditional
para reviver a situação
( ) situação imaginária, ( ) if + past perfect;
2. third
improvável, diferente do que past modal + main
conditional
ocorre na realidade verb
Saiba mais

Atenção Há situações em que cada parte da sentença condicio-

nal (if-clause e main clause) se refere a um tempo verbal
y A second conditional também é usada para dar conse- diferente – são os chamados mixed conditionals. Os dois
lhos – por exemplo, If I were you, I’d talk to them. Nesse
tipos de mixed conditional são:
caso, o verbo to be na if-clause é sempre conjugado
como were, apesar de podermos usar was para I, she, y Condição passada (if-clause no past perfect) com
he e it (If I was you, I’d talk to them) em frases informais. resultado no presente (main clause no present
y Outros verbos modais utilizados nas orações condicio- conditional): expressa uma situação contrária à
nais de tipo 2 e 3 são might e could – por exemplo, If I realidade tanto no passado quanto no presente,
had enough money, I could buy him a birthday gift e If como em If I had been a better student at school, I
I had known she was in trouble, I might have helped her. would have a better job now. (But I didn’t take school
y Unless pode também ser usado em orações condi- seriously enough, so now I cannot get the best job
cionais quando há a ideia da if-clause – por exemplo, positions.)
em vez de dizer I wouldn’t suggest doing that if I didn’t
y Condição presente ou continuada, ou seja, agora
think it was possible, podemos dizer I wouldn’t suggest
ou sempre (if-clause no simple past) com resultado
doing that unless I thought it was possible.
no passado (main clause no perfect conditional): ex-
y Como é possível contrair alguns verbos auxiliares com
o sujeito, como have/has/had, ou verbos modais, como pressa uma situação presente e um provável (porém,
will e would, a frase If I had known before, I would have irreal) resultado no passado, como em If Ron weren’t
done something na língua falada pode ser pronunciada afraid of spiders, he wouldn’t have panicked that
If I’d known before, I’d’ve done something. Observe day in the forest. (But he was – and still is – afraid
que tanto had quanto would são contraídos como ’d. of spiders, so he panicked.)

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 Analisando contextos de uso de would rather • frases interrogativas (uso mais formal): o auxiliar had
e had better vem antes do verbo – por exemplo, Had I better tell
them the truth?
HAD BETTER
Uso: WOULD RATHER
• conselho – por exemplo, I think you’d better go. It’s Uso:
getting late. • preferência – por exemplo, I’d rather watch a movie now.
• advertência – por exemplo, You’d better not do this, it • escolha – por exemplo, Would you rather watch a
can be dangerous. comedy or an adventure?
• conclusão pessoal sobre algo que se deve fazer – por Estrutura:
exemplo, I’d better go talk to them. • o verbo modal would pode ser contraído com o sujei-
Estrutura: to (I’d rather).
• o auxiliar had está sempre no passado e pode ser • a expressão é sempre seguida de verbo no infinitivo
contraído com o sujeito (I’d better). sem to (base form): I’d rather have a talking frog.
• a expressão é sempre seguida de verbo no infinitivo • frases negativas: o advérbio not vem após would
sem to (base form): I’d better explain again. rather – por exemplo, She’d rather not talk about it.
• frases negativas: o advérbio not vem após had better – • frases interrogativas: o verbo modal would vem antes
por exemplo, You’d better not call them now, it’s too late. do sujeito – por exemplo, Would you rather go or stay?

Revisando

Texto para as questões de 1 a 4.

CARTUM 1

CARTUM 2
FRENTE ÚNICA

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 1. Unesp 2018 Os homens dos cartuns 1 e 2 self-driving cars. But this rapid progress has also led to
a) têm uma visão semelhante sobre o que consi- concerns about safety and job losses. Stephen Hawking,
deram notícia falsa. Elon Musk and others wonder whether AI could get
b) discordam sobre o que é verdadeiro ou falso na out of control, precipitating a sci-fi conflict between
mídia. people and machines. Others worry that AI will cause
c) consideram que a mídia deve garantir a veraci- widespread unemployment, by automating cognitive
dade das notícias. tasks that could previously be done only by people. After
d) estão preocupados com a proliferação de notícias 200 years, the machinery question is back. It needs to
falsas. be answered.
Fonte: [Link]
e) questionam se os valores pessoais alteram a march-of-the-machines. Adaptado. Acesso em ago. 2019.
compreensão das notícias.
Leia as afirmações a seguir para responder à questão.
2. Unesp 2018 In the cartoon 1, the animal I. Redes neurais alimentam o mecanismo de busca
a) agrees that it is easy to determine what fake do Google, o assistente de voz da Apple, a identi-
news is. ficação de fotografias no Facebook, as sugestões
b) confronts and criticizes the man’s point of view.
de compras da Amazon, os carros autônomos da
c) believes that sometimes lies should be recognized
Tesla.
as truths.
II. O temor de que as máquinas substituiriam o tra-
d) also thinks that fake news divide people.
balho humano era real há duzentos anos, mas
e) explains the method it uses to discover what fake
superado na atualidade.
news is.
III. Stephen Hawking e Elon Musk especulam se a
3. Unesp 2018 Na fala do terceiro quadrinho do cartum 1 I.A. pode sair do controle, levando pessoas e má-
“Well, if it goes against my biases and beliefs, it’s fake”, quinas a um conflito somente visto em obras de
o termo sublinhado equivale, em português, a ficção científica.
a) ordens. IV. Duzentos anos atrás, a controvérsia sobre os
b) pesquisas. perigos impostos pelas máquinas era conhecida
c) questionamentos. como “a questão das máquinas”.
d) inclinações.
De acordo com as informações do texto, estão corre-
e) sugestões.
tas as afirmações
4. Unesp 2018 No último quadrinho do cartum 1, por a) I e II.
meio da fala “If you don’t pursue the truth, you’ll never b) I, II e III.
recognize the lies”, o personagem c) II, III e IV.
a) chega a meio-termo conciliatório. d) I, III e IV.
b) respeita a opinião do interlocutor. e) III e IV.
c) adverte o interlocutor.
Texto para as questões 6 e 7.
d) mostra que os conflitos não interferem na amizade.
e) revê sua própria opinião.

5. ITA-SP 2020 Experts warn that “the substitution

of machinery for human labour“ may “render the
population redundant“. They worry that “the discovery
of this mighty power“ has come “before we knew how to
employ it rightly“. Such fears are expressed today by those
who worry that advances in artificial intelligence (AI)
could destroy millions of jobs and pose a “Terminator“-
style threat to humanity. But these are in fact the words
of commentators discussing mechanisation and steam
power two centuries ago. Back then the controversy
over the dangers posed by machines was known as the
“machinery question“. Now a very similar debate is
under way.
After many false dawns, AI has made extraordinary
progress in the past few years, thanks to a versatile
technique called “deep learning“. Given enough data,
large (or “deep“) neural networks, modelled on the
brain’s architecture, can be trained to do all kinds of
things. They power Google’s search engine, Facebook’s
automatic photo tagging, Apple’s voice assistant,
Amazon’s shopping recommendations and Tesla’s ([Link]

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 6. Faceres-SP 2018 The verb tenses used in the stretches So here’s the first big surprise: we ate more in 1976.
“I didn’t have to go to school”, “life is full of surprises” According to government figures, we currently consume
and “You need one” are, respectively: an average of 2,130 kilocalories a day, a figure that
a) Past simple/verb to be in the present/present simple. appears to include sweets and alcohol. But in 1976, we
b) Present simple/verb to be in the present/past simple. 15 consumed 2,280 kcal excluding alcohol and sweets, or
c) Past simple/present perfect/present simple. 2,590 kcal when they’re included. I have found no reason
d) Present simple/present simple/future. to disbelieve the figures. […]
e) Past simple/verb to be in the present/past simple. So what has happened? The light begins to dawn
when you look at the nutrition figures in more detail.
7. Faceres-SP 2018 The conditional statement used 20 Yes, we ate more in 1976, but differently. Today, we buy
in the stretches “It would sure be a big surprise if half as much fresh milk per person, but five times more
the school bus spontaneously exploded and I didn’t yoghurt, three times more ice cream and – wait for it –
have to go to school” and “I’d sure be surprised if 39 times as many dairy desserts. We buy half as many
that happened” is: eggs as in 1976, but a third more breakfast cereals and
a) Zero conditional. It expresses the idea that the 25 twice the cereal snacks; half the total potatoes, but three
fact described is true. times the crisps. While our direct purchases of sugar
b) Second conditional. The condition expressed is have sharply declined, the sugar we consume in drinks
known to be false or it is presented as unlikely. and confectionery is likely to have rocketed (there are
c) First conditional. It refers to predictive conditional purchase numbers only from 1992, at which point they
sentences. 30 were rising rapidly. Perhaps, as we consumed just 9kcal
d) Third conditional. It is used to refer to hypothetical, a day in the form of drinks in 1976, no one thought the
counterfactual situations in the past. numbers were worth collecting.) In other words, the
e) Mixed conditional. It refers to a mixture of the opportunities to load our food with sugar have boomed.
second and third conditionals. As some experts have long proposed, this seems to be
35 the issue.
8. Efomm-RJ 2015 Choose the alternative with the verbs
The shift has not happened by accident. As Jacques
that correctly complete the sentences below.
Peretti argued in his film “The Men Who Made Us Fat!“,
1. If I were you, I _____ him the truth.
food companies have invested heavily in designing
2. If I had been in your place, I _____ this. products that use sugar to bypass our natural appetite
3. If I knew her name, I ____ you. 40 control mechanisms, and in packaging and promoting
4. If I hadn’t saved money, I _____ this sports car now. these products to break down what remains of our
5. If it rains next Sunday, I _____ home. defenses, including through the use of subliminal scents.
a) tell – wouldn't say – will tell – will buy – will stay They employ an army of food scientists and psychologists
b) told – would say – would tell – would buy – would to trick us into eating more than we need, while their
have stayed 45 advertisers use the latest findings in neuroscience to
c) would tell – wouldn't have said – should tell – overcome our resistance.
wouldn’t buy – will stay They hire biddable scientists and thinktanks to
d) will tell - would have said – had told – buy – would confuse us about the causes of obesity. Above all,
stay just as the tobacco companies did with smoking, they
e) would have told – wouldn't have said – should 50 promote the idea that weight is a question of “personal
tell – am buying – will stay responsibility“. After spending billions on overriding our
willpower, they blame us for failing to exercise it.
9. Efomm-RJ “How come Bob argued with the waiter? To judge by the debate the 1976 photograph
The food _____ awful.” triggered, it works. “There are no excuses. Take
a) had better be 55 responsibility for your own lives, people!“ “No
b) should have been one force feeds you junk food, it’s personal choice.
c) can be We’re not lemmings.“ “Sometimes I think having free
d) must have been healthcare is a mistake. It’s everyone’s right to be
e) ought to be lazy and fat because there is a sense of entitlement
60 about getting fixed.“ The thrill of disapproval chimes
10. ITA-SP 2019 […] A picture of Brighton beach in 1976,
featured in The Guardian a few weeks ago, appeared disastrously with industry propaganda. We delight in
to show an alien race. Almost everyone was slim. I blaming the victims.
mentioned it on social media, then went on holiday. More alarmingly, according to a paper in The Lancet,
5 When I returned, I found that people were still debating more than 90% of policymakers believe that “personal
FRENTE ÚNICA

it. The heated discussion prompted me to read more. 65 motivation“ is “a strong or very strong influence on the
How have we grown so fat, so fast? To my astonishment, rise of obesity“. Such people propose no mechanism by
almost every explanation proposed in the thread turned which the 61% of English people who are overweight
out to be untrue. […] The obvious explanation, many on or obese have lost their willpower. But this improbable
10 social media insisted, is that we’re eating more. […] explanation seems immune to evidence.

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 70 Perhaps this is because obesophobia is often a fatly-disguised form of snobbery. In most rich nations, obesity rates are
much higher at the bottom of the socioeconomic scale. They correlate strongly with inequality, which helps to explain
why the UK’s incidence is greater than in most European and OECD nations. The scientific literature shows how the lower
spending power, stress, anxiety and depression associated with low social status makes people more vulnerable to bad diets.
Just as jobless people are blamed for structural unemployment, and indebted people are blamed for impossible housing
75 costs, fat people are blamed for a societal problem. But yes, willpower needs to be exercised – by governments. Yes, we
need personal responsibility – on the part of policymakers. And yes, control needs to be exerted – over those who have
discovered our weaknesses and ruthlessly exploit them.
Adaptado de: <[Link] Acesso em: ago. 2018.

Assinale a alternativa que pode substituir ‘as’ na sentença “As Jacques Peretti argued in his film The Men Who Made
Us Fat, food companies have invested heavily in designing products [...]” (linhas 36-39) mantendo o mesmo sentido
do texto e a correção gramatical.
a) In line with what d) Considering that
b) In contempt of e) Despite the fact that
c) During the time

Exercícios propostos

1. Unicamp-SP O que segue é uma paródia de textos

Mario Tama/Getty Images

publicitários. Nela, faz-se, de forma irônica, críticas a
aspectos da vida moderna enquanto se “anuncia um
produto”. Leia e responda às questões em português.

leadership of Parks Commissioner Robert Moses, the park

was inspired by French classicist gardens. Its gravel paths
in the shade of London Plane trees suited the rhythm of
life in pre-air-conditioned New York. Today the park, which
sits behind the great main branch of the public library, has
cafes, entertainment, a reading library, lawn games – all
amenities tuned to contemporary urban life.
One of the most important amenities, though, is
invisible. A cloud of wifi hovers over the park, bringing
activities that Moses, a truly ambitious urban planner, could
not have imagined. Those trees that shaded city-dwellers
out for a stroll decades ago now keep the glare off touch
screens. And despite the fears that mobile communication
technology would drive us all into lives of wireless isolation,
the opposite seems to be happening. Bryant Park, like myriad
parks and plazas in other cities, is returning to a role it filled
a) Em que tipo de embalagem o “produto anunciado”
generations ago: a place to share, read, write, gossip, and
é oferecido?
debate... in short, communicate.
b) Explicite duas das críticas feitas pela paródia.
Technology has always shaped the city, changing our
Texto para as questões de 2 a 4. relationship to time, space, nature and each other, but today’s
technologies are so small it’s hard to see how that happens.
INTELLIGENT CITIES II Yet ubiquitous data and information communication
How wifi is reinventing our city parks technologies (ICT) such as smart-phones, tablet computers,
and digital books, are changing the way we interact with
Mario Tama / Getty Images.
the built environment and our fellow citizens.
A walk through New York City’s Bryant Park is a walk The success of the rejuvenated Bryant Park raises
through time. Designed during the Great Depression on familiar questions for designers and planners. What exactly
the site of a former reservoir and executed under the are the essential ingredients of a great urban space? Can

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