Módulo - 2

Publicado originalmente em preto e branco

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Ao Curso PANAMERICANO

Autores: Profª. Danielle Clarice A. de A. Oliveira

Profº.Felipe Hatila de Sousa Silva

RUA MÁRIO MAMEDE, 750 - BAIRRO DE FÁTIMA - FORTALEZA

Fone: (85) 3081.8181

Direção: Mairla C. Pressler

Coordenação: Roberto Pressler

REGULAMENTO

1. O Curso não cobra matricula, nem mensalidades.

2. O Curso é composto de 4 módulos.
3. A duração de cada módulo é de 10 a 12 aulas.
4. Cada novo módulo o aluno adquire uma nova apostila.
5. Só recebe certificado o aluno que completar o curso
6. O aluno que desistir ou faltar as aulas, e quiser repetir o módulo deverá pagar
novamente o valor de uma apostila .
7. Após recebido e pago o módulo não cancelamos nem recebemos de volta o
material.

A apostila do Módulo 3 deve ser adquirida na recepção do curso até o

último dia de aula deste módulo. Após esta data não garantimos sua vaga.

Aluno Horário_ às

Professor(a)

Primeiro dia de aula: / /

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Lesson 1 – Buying things

Vocabulary

Earlier: mais cedo How much: quanto (custa) A lot of: um monte de

Block: quarteirão Follow: seguir Too: também. (final de frase)

Backyard: quintal Wonderful: maravilhoso(a) Also: também (perto do

sujeito)
Garden: jardim Office: escritório
Raise: criar (desde pequeno)
Passion Fruit: maracujá I’m sure: Estou certo(a) que
Are you kidding me?: “Tá
Inside: dentro To call: ligar brincando (comigo)?”

Text: Buying a house

-Hi! We are the Coopers. We called earlier about the house.

-Hi! Mr. Cooper, Mrs. Cooper. I’m Susan and I’m going to show you the place. (…) This is the house with the
largest backyard in the block. That is an artificial lake with a garden surrounding it. Let’s take a look!

-Oh, John… These apple-trees are fantastic! Susan, I love trees, but my husband here prefers animals.

-Mrs. Cooper, you are going to love those passion fruit orchards. They create a natural corridor to the front
yard. I’m sure your husband is going to like them too.

-Yeah, yeah… These plants are really nice. I see I can have a lot of dogs in this backyard too. What about the
inside? I want to see if I can raise children here.

(…)

-So John, did you like the house? Because I loved it.

-Are you kidding me, Lana? I also loved it. Susan, we are going to buy it. How much is it?

-That’s wonderful! Will you follow me to the office? I will tell you there.

ALSO X TOO : também

1 - Utilize ALSO de duas formas: com ou sem o to 2- Utilize TOO no final de sentenças.
be:
I like chocolate too.
I also like chocolate. (sem to be, próximo ao sujeito)
I am tired too.
I am also tired. (logo após o to be)
 2
Demostratives: Determiners or Pronouns two

Como já vimos (ver book 1, p. 13), os demonstrativos mais comuns no inglês são: THIS, THAT, THESE e
THOSE.

Para algo que está perto (near) e está no singular usa-se THIS.
singular plural
E.g.: This book is expensive.
near This: /ðɪs/ These: /ðiːz/
Para algo que está perto (near) e está no plural usa-se THESE. far That: /ðæt/ Those: /ðoʊz/
E.g.: These cars are rusty.

Para algo que está longe (far) e está no singular usa-se THAT.
E.g.: That girl is so beautiful.

Para algo que está longe (far) e está no plural usa-se THOSE.
E.g.: Those little boys are crying.

Quando eles aparecem como determinantes (demonstrative determiners) eles alteram o substantivo.
Ex: I like those oranges. / This school is good.

Quando eles aparecem como pronomes (demonstrative pronouns) eles substituem algo que já foi
mencionado antes ou está subentendido.
Ex: This is so important. / I like these.

Exercise

Write down the correct demonstratives:

a) car (near). b) f) rose (far) j) glass of juice

(far)
light (near). g) apples (far)
k) cup of coffee
c) cat (far). h) oranges (near) (near)
d) flowers (far) i) sandwiches l) cans of soda
(far) (near)
e) masks (near)

There To Be

Como já foi explicado anteriormente (ver book 1, p. 6), o THERE TO BE significa TER, HAVER ou EXISTIR.
Utilizamos o There To Be para mostrar a existência de algo ou alguém. Sua forma no singular é There is. Sua
forma no plural é There are.

AFFIRMATIVES: In my house there is a car, there’s a garden, there’s a dog and there is a cat. There are
bedrooms, there are two bathrooms and there are five people.
INTERROGATIVES: Is there a cat on the table? Are there birds in the bush? Is there a car? Are there some
books?
NEGATIVES: There aren’t books. There isn’t a cat on the table. There is not a dog here. There are not people
there.
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Exercise three

Complete with the correct form of the verb THERE TO BE:

a) a bus on the street. e) policemen walking on the

street?
b) a statue in the park.
f) an old man sitting on a bench?
c) students going to school.
g) not a boy reading under a
d) two bicycles at the gate of the tree.
park.
h) not two girls playing marbles.

Money

“O dólar foi criado a partir da necessidade de criação de uma moeda que fosse capaz de financiar a Guerra da
Independência dos Estados Unidos, em 1776, e fomentar a nova nação. Assim, em 1786, o Congresso
Continental das já independentes 13 colônias aprovou o dólar como moeda nacional. O nome “dólar” vem da
palavra thaler, uma conhecida moeda de prata que circulava na Europa durante o século XV. (...) A unificação da
moeda como forma de pagamento se deu somente em 1863, com o National Banking Act.” ([Link])

Apesar das várias moedas ao redor do mundo (Real, Euro, Rupia, etc) o Dólar ainda é a moeda
internacionalmente mais forte. Pode ser representado por cédulas, moedas ou cheques. As moedas mudam
frequentemente para séries comemorativas, variando em cores e materiais. Aqui seguem as mais atuais formas
da moeda notte-americana.

a half dollar = 50 a quarter dollar = 25

dollar bills a dime = 10 a nickel = 5 a penny = 1 cent

HOMEWORK SUGGESTION:
Quem são os homens nas notas? E os que estão nas moedas?

Veja agora algumas aplicações do dinheiro.

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Ways of paying (formas de pagamento): by/in cash (à vista); by cheque (UK)/ by check (US), by credit card
or by debit card.

Interest: juros. E.g.: The interest rate on this product is too high!

A current account (UK) /checking account (US): conta corrente.

Cash machine (UK)/ATM (US - Auto Teller Machine): caixa eletrônico.

Teller: caixa (pessoa, atendente) de banco.

Expensive: caro
Cheap: barato
Change: troco One dollar coin

Veja outros exemplos:

I’d like to pay (pagar) this check into (na, para) my account and take out (sacar) $50 in cash.

You can withdraw (= take out, sacar) or deposit (= put in, depositar) money at any time using the
ATMs (caixas eletrônicos) outside the bank.

Could you tell me the balance on (= how much money is in, saldo) my account?

(UK) I have an overdraft facility of £500 (= I can borrow up to £500, crédito acima de)

I hate being overdrawn/in the red (= owing money to the bank, no vermelho, devendo).

Pronunciation /prəˌnʌ[Link]ˈeɪ.ʃən/

Sure: /ʃʊr/ Money: /ˈmʌn.i/ Machine: /məˈʃiːn/

There: /ðer/ Check: /tʃek/ Expensive: /ɪkˈspent .sɪv/
Earlier: /ˈɝːliɚ/ Account: /əˈkaʊnt/ Interest: /ˈɪ[Link]ɪst/
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Lesson 2 – Countable x Uncountable

No Inglês, existe o conceito de Contáveis e Não-Contáveis para elementos (substantivos) em geral.

Countable Nouns (C)

Substantivos Contáveis são aqueles que podemos organizar com uma contagem simples (one,
two, three...) e podem ser escritos na forma plural. Podemos usar, antes dos COUNTABLE NOUNS,
o artigo definido THE (o, a, os, as), os artigos indefinidos A e AN (um, uma), um número ou
qualquer outra palavra que indique singular ou plural, como one, two, this, those, some, many,
few etc.

E.g.:
Singular – a book, an egg, one table, this boy, that girl
Plural – four books, two eggs, these tables, those boys

Uncountable Nouns (U)

Substantivos Não-Contáveis são aqueles que não podemos contar (muitas vezes porque não é
prático); dessa forma, eles não têm plural. Usamos expressões de quantidade antes de
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS, como a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a slice of, a loaf of, a lot of, a little
of, a bit of, some etc.
E.g.:
Some fruit, a loaf of bread, some water, a lot of work

São exemplos de UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS:

* = Outro significado contável ou variação de significado

A maioria dos Substantivos Abstratos

advice happiness life* Líquidos, Gases e alguns Sólidos
beauty health love
Líquidos Gases Sólidos
confidence help luck
beer air bread
courage homework music
blood fire butter
crime* honesty news
coffee fog cheese
education importance patience
gasoline hydrogen glass
energy information time*
truth juice nitrogen furniture
experience* intelligence
vocabulary milk oxygen ice
fun justice
oil pollution meat
grammar knowledge work
shampoo smoke metal
soup steam plastic
water salt
wine wood
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A maioria das coisas com partículas
Palavras que podem ser Contáveis e Não-Contáveis
muito pequenas para se contar
Comida Animais ou partes de
corn grass salt animais (Contáveis)
(Não-Contáveis)
chalk hair* sand
chicken (frango) A chicken (um frango)
dirt pepper sugar*
Two chickens
dust powder wheat
lamb (carneiro) A lamb (um carneiro)
flour rice
Four lambs
liver (fígado) A liver (um fígado)
Some livers
Fenômenos da Natureza fish* (peixe) A fish* (um peixe)
darkness gravity sunshine Many fish* / Many fishes*
dew heat thunder Palavras com mais de um significado
electricity light weather
Não-Contáveis Contáveis
fire lightning wind
fog rain snow glass (vidro) A glass (um copo)
Some glasses
paper (papel) A paper (um jornal)
Five papers
Doenças
iron (ferro) An iron (um ferro de passar)
cancer* heart disease smallpox Two irons
cholera malaria sore throat fire (fogo) A fire (um incêndio)
flu (influenza) polio yellow fever Many fires

Matérias Escolares Idiomas

Biology History Nursery Chinese German* Spanish
Chemistry Linguistics Physics English Italian* Portuguese*
Economics Literature Philosophy French Japanese* Russian*
Engineering Mathematics Psychology
English* Music Science

Veja alguns exemplos de transformações de Substantivos Não-Contáveis em Contáveis:

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Exercise seven

Separate the elements in the right place:

Honey - Guava - Cashew - Milk - Fruit - Book - Furniture - Oxygen - Pencil - News

Smoke - Bread - Water - Orange - Toast - Ball - Coffee - Milk - Tea - Cookie - Cracker

Countable:

Uncountable:

Some x Any

São utilizados antes dos substantivos para indicar quantidade indefinida ou oferta. Dependendo da
situação, são traduzidos de diferentes formas. Veja as tabelas abaixo:

Countable Nouns
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
some any any
(alguns, (nenhum, (algum,
algumas) nenhuma) alguma)

Uncountable Nouns
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
some* any* any*
(um pouco de) (um pouco de) (um pouco de)

• Quando usamos some e any com COUNTABLE NOUNS, estes serão SEMPRE escritos no plural.

E.g.: There are some boys in the classroom.

Countable Noun
(plural)
I don’t see any dogs on the street.

Countable Noun
(plural)
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• Usamos some em frases interrogativas quando falamos de pouca quantidade de COUNTABLE NOUNS ou
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS, especialmente quando oferecemos algo ou pedimos algo.

E.g.:
Would you like some water? (OFERTA)
Can I have some coffee? (PEDIDO)

• Podemos usar any em frases afirmativas. Nesse caso, será traduzido como qualquer / quaisquer.

E.g.:
It’s easy! Any child can do this.
I can’t see any girls in this classroom!

• Às vezes, some e any não precisam ser traduzidos quando falamos de UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS.

E.g.:
I would like to have some coffee. (Eu gostaria de um ouco de café. / Eu gostaria de café.)
I don’t have any money. (Eu não tenho um pouco de dinheiro. / Eu não tenho dinheiro.)
Do you have any soda? (Você tem um pouco de refrigerante? / Você tem refrigerante?)

Exercise

Write SOME or ANY:

a) There aren’t malls in this town. f) Do you know good hotels in Fortaleza?

b) I’m writing a letter. I need stamps. g) Would you like tea?

c) Gary and Alice don’t have children. h) I’m thirsty. I want water.

d) Do you have brothers or sisters? i) Can I have candies?

e) There are beautiful flowers in my garden. j) Don’t buy rice. We already have enough.

Complete the sentences using SOME or ANY + one of the words in the box below:

a) Is there in the bathroom?

b) I don’t have my camera here, so I can’t take . Milk Air

Batteries
c) Can I have in my coffee, please?
Shampoo
d) The radio isn’t working. There aren’t in it. Help
Photographs
e) It’s hot in this office. I need fresh !
Cheese
f) Would you like bread with ?

g) I can do this job alone. I don’t need .

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Pronunciation /prəˌnʌ[Link]ˈeɪ.ʃən/ nine

Countable: /ˈkaʊn.tə.bl / Furniture: /ˈfɝː.nɪ.tʃɚ/ Engineering: /ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪ.rɪŋ/

Uncountable: /ʌnˈkaʊn.tə.bl / Experience: /ɪkˈspɪ.ri.ənts/ Psychology: /saɪˈkɑː.lədʒi/

Some: /sʌm/ , /səm/ Sugar: /ˈʃʊg.ɚ/ Bread: /bred/

Any: /ˈen.i/ Thunder: /ˈθʌn.dɚ/ Mathematics: /ˌmæθˈmæt.ɪks/

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Lesson 3 - Quantifying things

Quantifiers

Countable: Uncountable:

A few: uns poucos, umas poucas, alguns, algumas A little: um pouco (a), algum, alguma (quantidade
(quantidade suficiente). suficiente).

Few: poucos(as), escasso, insuficiente. Oposto de Little: pouco (a), escasso, insuficiente. Oposto de
many. much.

Many: muitos, muitas (countables). Negativas e Much: muito, muita (uncountables). Negativas e
interrogativas. Na afirmativa many é formal, interrogativas. Na afirmativa much é formal,
podendo ser substituido por a lot of (um monte podendo ser substituído por a lot of, lots of, plenty
de), lots of (montes de) e plenty of (bastante [de]). of.

Veja os quadros abaixo:

LITTLE x FEW
books
few
cars
I have now. That's bad.
time
little
energy

A LITTLE x A FEW
chances
a few
checks
I have now. That's good.
experience
a little
money

MANY x MUCH
options
many
friends That's really
I have now.
coffee good.
much
love

A LOT OF, LOTS OF, PLENTY OF

cousins
a lot of beverages That's
I have lots of now.
fish perfect!
plenty of
food
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Exercise

Replace SOME with A LITTLE or A FEW and then rewrite the sentences:

a) We live in Brazil, but we have some friends in the USA.

b) I have to work all week long to have some money.

c) She needs some time to study for her test.

d) They can buy some clothes for New Year’s Eve.

Complete with LITTLE or FEW:

a) The English test was so difficult, that students passed it.

b) There is very hope. The patient is very ill, almost dead.

c) If you want to be someone in Life, you cannot have books!

d) There is water in Ceará’s countryside.

Complete with MANY or MUCH:

a) I can eat cookies at breakfast. e) I don’t like to study very .

b) They have to work too time in their f) You need to buy pencils.
lives.
g) He wants to see touristic attractions.
c) She has more money than I have.
h) Do you eat bread?
d) We like to have pets.

Object Pronouns

Como vimos anteriormente (ver book 1, p. 13),usamos os Object Pronouns para nos referirmos a uma pessoa,
um ser ou um objeto que não é o sujeito da frase. Eles são me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them. Eles vêm
geralmente após o verbo da frase ou após a preposição ligada ao verbo. Veja os exemplos:

-Do you like me, Lucy ? -How can you stand it?

-I don’t like you. I like him, but he likes her. -I’m not looking at you!
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Exercise

Write in English:

a) Eu a vejo todo dia.

b) Ela o ama muito.

c) O professor nos ajuda muito.

d) O médico trabalha para eles.

Replace the wrong pronouns for the OBJECT PRONOUNS:

a) We work for they at the hospital. e) You don’t love I.

b) I have to study to help he in the test. f) Do you know how to help they?

g) Tell we what’s happening!

c) Kevin likes she very much.
h) She is married to he.
d) They love we.

CAN – modal verb

O verbo can significa poder no sentido de ter permissão/habilidade para. Mas ele não é um verbo comum.
Ele é chamado de verbo modal, pois ele modifica a estrutura da oração. Ele substitui o verbo auxiliar (do, does)
nas negativas e interrogativas.

Veja a tabela simplificada do verbo modal CAN:

Negative Short
Affirmative Interrogative answers
Long form Short form
I can I cannot I can't Can I?
You can You cannot You can't Can you?
Can you ...?
He can He cannot He can't Can he?
Yes, I can.
She can She cannot She can't Can she? No, I can't.
It can It cannot It can't Can it?
We can We cannot We can't Can we?
You can You cannot You can't Can you? can't =
They can They cannot They can't Can they? cannot

Veja os exemplos:

- She plays the piano. She can play the piano. (Não conjugamos os verbos quando acompanhados pelo CAN)

- She doesn’t play the piano. She cannot/can’t play the piano. (O CAN+NOT escreve-se junto [redações, artigos,
documentos oficiais] ou contraído [coloquial])

- Does she play the piano? Can she play the piano? (O CAN substitui o auxiliar nas negativas e interrogativas)

- She wants to play the piano. She can play the piano. (Não se acrescenta o TO depois do CAN)
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No exemplo da imagem, não podemos substituir

“can not” (duas palavras) por “cannot” ou “can’t”.
Motivo: o not faz parte da expressão “not only... but
also” (não apenas... mas também).

Existe o substantivo can (latinha), o verbo to can

(enlatar) e o trabalhador canner (enlatador).

Exercises

Write with your personal answers if you CAN or CAN’T do these things:

a) I swim. j) I ride a bicycle.

b) I climb a tree. c) k) I make cookies.

I speak French. l) I make toast.

d) I speak English. m) I play the piano.

e) I fly. n) I play basketball.

f) I run fast. o) I cook “miojo”.

g) I play chess. p) I fry an egg.

h) I play the guitar. q) I scuba dive.

i) I sing well. r) I boil water

Write the missing forms:

a) Kevin can talk to his teddy bear./ Kevin cannot talk to his teddy bear./ Can Kevin talk to his teddy bear?

b) Mafalda can study today./ ./ Can Mafalda study today?

c) Cebolinha can say “r”. Cebolinha cannot say “r”./ ?

d) ./Garfield cannot eat a lot. Can Garfield eat a lot?

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Present Continuous - Review fourteen

O Present Continuous descreve uma ação em progresso: que se iniciou no presente, mas não está encerrada. A
regra geral é Sujeito + Verbo tobe (am, is, are) + Verbo principal + ing.

Veja os exemplos:

Affirmative Negative
I am Long form Short form Continuous
You are drinking. I am not I'm not
He is eating. You are not You aren't drinking.
She is working. He is not He isn't eating.
It is dancing. She is not She isn't working.
We are playing. It is not It isn't dancing.
You are trying. We are not We aren't playing.
They are You are not You aren't trying.
They are not They aren't

Interrogative
Nem todo verbo pode ser acrescido de -ING.
Am I
Are you drinking? E.g.: want, like, love, remember, forget, believe, hate,
Is he eating? know, mean, need, prefer, depend, understand…
Is she working?
Para um aprofundamento das regras vá para o book 1,
Is it dancing?
p 8.
Are we playing?
Are you trying? Lembre-se que no dia a dia algumas pessoas ignoram
Are they essas regras, mas isso não é aconselhável.

Exercise

Rewrite the sentences:

E.g.: To shop/to sell/ clothes: I am not shopping clothes. I am selling clothes.

a) To drink/ to eat:

b) To play/to study/ at school:

c) To sleep/ to work/ at home:

d) To run/ to walk/ in the park:

Mark the right alternative:

a) She can dances at the party.

b) We can to play today.

c) Can he sleeps early?

d) They cannot eat chocolate.

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Advanced: Some verbs + Can + ING fifteen

Aprenda esses verbos novos e escreva as traduções das frases ao lado.

Infinitive Form To Be + ING form Can + Verb

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
To get over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(superar I am slowly getting I don't think I can
[relaconamento, over her. get over him. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
situação]) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
To happen What is Anything can
(acontecer) happening? happen! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Your outfit is going Maybe the dress
To go well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
well with your can go well with a
(combinar) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
shoes. stilleto.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
To take a look She is taking a look She can take a look
(dar uma olhada) at some dresses. now. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
To take off The plane is taking The plain can take _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(decolar) off in five minutes. off any moment. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
To land The chopter is The chopter can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(aterrissar) landing. land anywhere. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I can put my stuff
To put away I am putting these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
away until
(guardar) things away.
midnight. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
To save I am saving money I can save money _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(economizar) for my travel. to buy a car. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Pronunciation /prəˌnʌ[Link]ˈeɪ.ʃən/

Few: /fjuː/ Beverage: /ˈbev.ɚr.ɪdʒ/

Little: /ˈlɪt.l / Countryside: /ˈkʌ[Link]ɪ.saɪd/

Many: /ˈmen.i/ Chocolate: /ˈtʃɑːk.lət/

Much: /mʌtʃ/
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Lesson 4 - Let’s go to the movies!

Vocabulary

Box Office/ Ticket Booth: To read a movie review: ler Marvelous: maravilhoso
bilheteria uma crítica sobre um filme
Moving: tocante, emocionante
Sold out: esgotado (vendas) To wait in line: esperar na fila
Terrific: excelente
Soda/pop: refrigerante To watch a movie trailer:
assistir um trailer Creeping by: andando e
Screen: Tela, telão encarando de um jeito estranho
To watch the credits: assistir
Movie Theater/Cinema:
os créditos Lame: patético
cinema (o prédio)
To take a seat: tomar assento Terrible: terrível
To buy some popcorn:
comprar um pouco de pipoca at the front: na frente Weird: esquisito, estranho

To buy tickets: comprar in the middle: no meio While: enquanto

ingressos
at the back: atrás Stuff: coisas (em geral)
To catch a movie: ‘pegar’ um
filme/cinema, assistir um filme. To sit in an aisle seat: sentar Nomination: indicação
na cadeira do corredor
To get a drink: By the way: a propósito
pegar(comprar) uma bebida Exciting: empolgante,
animador The heck: “caramba”, “diacho”
To go to a movie theater: ir a
um cinema Interesting: interessante

Take a look at the dialogue

Friday Night, a group of friends is going to catch a movie.

Lily: I read this wonderful movie review yesterday. They say this is a terrific movie. It has seven Oscar
nominations!

Robin: Come on guys!!! Hurry up! We still have to wait in line to get to the box office! What if the tickets get
sold out?

Ted: Calm down, girls! What about I and the guys go to get some drinks and buy the popcorn while you are
here?

Marshal: Good idea! Robin, Lily, go to that line and buy our tickets. Remember, I don’t like to take seat too
much at the back, or too much in the front. We have to sit in the middle. The screen is perfect there.
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Barney: Marvelous! Or… We could stay in line and let the girls buy the sodas and stuff. I don’t want
to get an aisle seat. Weird people keep creeping by. Lame! We buy the tickets. Terrible idea, Ted…

Lily: Barney! I can hear you!

Marshal: Guys, this is an interesting, exciting, moving film. If we don’t get the tickets soon, we are going to lose
the trailers. By the way, all the good seats too.

Robin: Who the heck likes to watch the trailers? Or the credits?

Ted: I do!

Barney: Lame!

Ted: Come on. You girls stay, we boys go. It’s going to be a nice night. See you in ten minutes.

Exercise

Complete the sentences below with the best answer:

If we don't arrive early, we'll have to in front of the theater, and tickets might be sold out before
we reach the ticket booth.

a) Read a movie review

b) Wait in line
c) Watch the trailers

Could you go out into the lobby and before the movie begins? I'm really thirsty, and I don't want
to step out once the movie begins.

d) Get a drink
e) Buy some popcorn
f) Get a candy bar

The storyline of that movie was just . I mean, who would believe a story about purple men
kidnapping a dog for ransom. Come on! Doesn't that sound ridiculous to you?

a) Absurd
b) Terrible
c) Boring

That was a really moving film. It was a really love story.

a) Terrible
b) Boring
c) Exciting

Telling the time

O relógio de 12 horas foi inicialmente usado na Mesopotâmia e Egito antigo. Durante o dia era um relógio solar
(sombra do sol numa estrutura de pedra) e a noite um relógio lunar (sombra da lua em uma bacia de pedra com
água).
 18
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Em inglês, usamos o sistema de 12 horas separadas por a.m. (ante meridiem, before midday) e p.m
(post meridiem, after midday). Para evitar confusões, dizemos que meio dia (12 p.m.) é NOON. Meia
noite (12 a.m.) é MIDNIGHT.

Existem diferentes formas de dizer as horas em inglês:

• Momento, hora atual. Usamos o “It’s”:

E.g.: – What time is it?
– It’s one o’clock.

• Horário marcado, descrição de acontecimento, usamos o “at”:

E.g.: – What time do you have to be there?
– I have to be there at 7 o’clock.

• A hora pode ser dividida em 2 metades (metade = a half) ou 4 quartos (um quarto de hora/15 minutos = a
quarter).
E.g.: 7:30 – It’s seven thirty. / It’s half past seven.

• Para falarmos de horas com minutos, também usamos past ou after para descrever quantos minutos se
passaram e to para descrever quantos minutos faltam para a próxima hora.
E.g.: 7:15 – It’s seven fifteen. / It’s fifteen past seven. / It’s (a) quarter past seven.
10:45 – It’s ten forty-five. / It’s fifteen to eleven. / It’s (a) quarter to eleven.

Veja, na tabela abaixo, algumas formas de dizer as seguintes horas:

Exercise

Choose one of the forms of teeling the time and write the hours in English:

E.g.: É meio dia. - It’snoon/It’stwelvep.m.

São quatro e meia. - It’shalfpastfour.
São duas e quinze. São três e meia.
É quinze pras oito. É seis e quarenta. .
São cinco e vinte cinco. É onze horas.
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With x Without

São preposições e significam com (with) e sem (without).

Veja este trecho da Música “With or Without You”, da banda irlandesa U2.

“Through the storm we reach the shore, You give it all, but I want more
(Através da tempestade nós chegamos ao porto, você entrega tudo, mas eu quero mais)

And I’m waiting for you

(E eu estou esperando por você)

With or without you, with or without you; I can’t live with or without you”
(Com ou sem você, com ou sem você; Eu não consigo viver com ou sem você)

Only

Only pode ser:

• Um adjetivo (única, único): mostra que há apenas um elemento ou pouco de algo.

E.g.: The only thing that matters is that the baby is healthy. / Is this really the only way to do it?

• Uma conjunção: mostra qual é a única ou principal razão pela qual algo que é citado em uma sentença não
pode ser feito ou não é completamente verdade.

E.g.: I'd invite Frances to the party, only (= mas não vou convidar porque) I don't want her husband to come.
I'd phone him myself, only (= mas não posso porque) I've got to go out.

• Advérbio (apenas): mostra que pessoas (ou coisas) são limitadas até certo ponto.

E.g.: I was only trying to help. / I was only joking.

• Advérbio (only just): Faz referência a algo que acabou de acontecer (assim que) ou refere-se a quantidade
(quase nada).

E.g.: People were leaving and I had only just arrived.

We had only just set off when the car broke down.
There was only just enough food to go round.
We arrived in time for our flight, but only just (= but we almost did not)

• Outros advérbios:

1 - coisas que realmente aconteceram (não apenas).

E.g.: Not only did he turn up late, he also forgot his books.

2 - maus resultados (apenas)

E.g.: If you don't do something about it now, it will only get worse.
 20
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Simple Present – AFFIRMATIVE REVIEW

Como já vimos (ver book 1, p 17), quando escrevemos uma frase no presente simples, precisamos
conjugar o verbo principal da oração (main verb) de acordo com o sujeito da oração. No português, cada verbo
tem uma conjugação diferente dependendo de quem é o sujeito. Ex: Eu como, tu comes, ele come, nós comemos,
vós comeis, eles comem.

No inglês, o presente de um verbo comum só possui duas conjugações (sem o to):

• o verbo fica na sua forma original

• conjugamos o verbo na 3ª pessoa do singular (acrescentando -s, -es, -ies etc.)

Veja o quadro abaixo:

Subject TO
To love To wish To wash To pray To play To try To study To go To have
Pronouns BE
I am
love wish wash pray play try study go have
YOU are
HE
SHE is loves wishes washes prays plays tries studies goes has
IT
WE
YOU are love wish wash pray play try study go have
THEY

Exercise

Write the verbs in the simple present, affirmative form:

1. I ___________________ (love) you. 9. The box _______________________ (contain) food.

2. This ___________________ (weigh) 20 kilograms. 10. Emma ___________________ (appear) sad.
3. Ron ___________________ (seem) serious. 11. David _______________ (know) how to fix a car.
4. We ___________________ (like) tomatoes. 12. Daniel and Liz ________________ (seem) happy.
5. The boy ___________________ (want) to play. 13. This ____________________ (smell) bad.
6. You _____________________ (need) to sleep. 14. I ___________________ (believe) you.
7. They ____________________ (agree) with me. 15. We ___________________ (be) number one!
8. She ________________ (hear) something strange.

Pronunciation /prəˌnʌ[Link]ˈeɪ.ʃən/

Midnight: /ˈmɪ[Link]ɪt/ With: /wɪð/

Noon: /nuːn/ Without: /wɪˈðaʊt/
Half: /hæf/ Weigh: /weɪ/
 21
twenty-one
Lesson 5 - What? Where? When? Who? Why?

WH - questions / Information Questions

What: o que, qual Why: Por que…? Por quê? How long: Quanto tempo
(perguntas)
Where: onde How often: Com que frequência
Because: Porque, porquê
When: quando (respostas, o motivo) How old: Quão velho (Quantos
anos…?)
Who: quem Whose: de quem
How far: Quão longe
How: como How many: Quantos, quantas
Which: qual, o que

Always x Usually x Sometimes

Os advérbios de frequência são utilizados para determinar a reincidência de certas ações e sua intensidade. Os
mais comuns em inglês são Always (sempre), Usually (geralmente) e Sometimes (às vezes). Colocamos o
advérbio de frequência antes do verbo principal da frase.

E.g.: I usually work hard.

She always eats chocolate.
I sometimes forget things.

Se o verbo principal for o TO BE, colocamos o advérbio depois do TO BE.

E.g.: She is usually late.

I am always studying.
We are sometimes hungry.

Vocabulary

Sunny: ensolarado Interview: Company: companhia To go window-shopping:

entrevista Interviewer: To be born: nascer olhar vitrines
entrevistador(a) (to be) To apply: inscrever-se To label: julgar, colocar rótulo
Ready: (estar) pronto(a) Well-known: conhecido, To spend: gastar
Office: escritório famoso Better than: melhor do que
To answer: responder Accounting: contabilidade Terrific: excelente Hired:
To sit: sentar Accountant: contador contratado (a) Handshake:
Seat: assento To switch: trocar aperto de mão Deal: acordo,
To ask: perguntar, pedir To intend: pretender negócio fechado To seal: selar
To go shopping: fazer compras
 22
Text: Job Interview twenty-two

One sunny day, Lori goes to a job interview downtown. She is nervous, but she is ready. She arrives at the
office and sits. When the interviewer calls her name, she answers. They seat and the interviewer starts.

– Ok. What’s your name?

– My name is Lori Fields.

– Nice to meet you, Mrs. Fields. My name’s Jared Parsons. I’m going to be your interviewer. I have to ask these:
How old are you? Where were you born? When did you decide to work with our Company? And why?

– I’m 26 years old, I was born in New Jersey, NY. I decided to apply to work here because this Company is one of
the most responsible and well-known on Accounting Firms around the globe. It’s the dream of every
accountant, since college, to work here. You are the best.

The interview keeps going on and the interviewer likes Lori’s answers very much.

– Now… Who is your favorite writer? Which are your favorite activities? How often do you switch jobs? How do
you feel about working with a multicultural team? How long do you intend to work here?”

– Well… My favorite writer is J.R.R. Tolkien; I love reading Tolkien’s books, I love writing, I like shopping and
sometimes I also go window-shopping. I don’t like switching jobs, I like stability. I usually have no problems
working with different people. I always listen a lot before even thinking about to label someone and I intend to
spend my hard work and energy here, to make this Company even better than it is, if I can.

– Terrific! You are hired! – and with a handshake, Mr. Parsons sealed the deal – We will call you back tomorrow
to define details. Welcome to Deloitte & Touche!

Exercise

Write the words in the box in the right column: What Who
When Where
Sound /w/: How Which
Why Whose
Sound /h/:

Complete the questions about “Queen” with these question words:

What (2x) - Who - When - Where - How many - Which - Why - Whose - How long

a) Where was Queen’s first concert? b) _ was it?

In London. In 1972.
 23
twenty-three
c) was in the band?
Freddie Mercury, Roger Taylor, John Deacon, g) _ _ did they stay together?
and Brian May. Twenty years, from 1971 to 1991.

d) _ real name was Farrokh h) was their biggest hit?

Bulsara? Bohemian Rhapsody.
Freddie Mercury’s.
i) happened in 1991?
e) _ __ member of the band was Freddie Mercury died.
most famous?
Freddie Mercury, the lead singer. j) _ is their music still
popular?
f) _ top ten hits did they have? Because Queen wrote good rock songs.
Twenty-four.

Simple Present - NEGATIVE

Para escrevermos uma frase no PRESENTE SIMPLES na negativa (sem o to be), nós usaremos um auxiliar, cuja
função é aparecer carregando o NOT. O auxiliar não possui tradução, ele aparece na oração justamente onde
deveria estar o verbo to be. Quando usamos o auxiliar DOES, o verbo principal da oração (main verb) volta
para o infinitivo, já que o auxiliar é que vai conjugar a frase.

E.g.: I/you/we/they don’t like cake.

He/she/it doesn’t like cake.

Escrevemos: Subject + DO/DOES + NOT + main verb (Infinitive SEM “TO”) + Complement

Exercise

Write DON’T or DOESN’T with the verbs in the brackets:

1. I usually _____________________________ (go) to school. 10. John __________________________ (leave) the country.
2. They (visit) us often. 11. We __________________ (live) in the city most of the
3. You ________________ (play) basketball once a week. year.
4. Tom _____________________________ (work) every day. 12. Lori _______________________ (travel) to Paris every
5. He (tell) us funny stories. Summer.
6. She__________________________ (help) me with that! 13. I __________________________ (bake) cookies twice a
7. Martha and Kevin (swim) twice month.
a week. 14. You ______________________ (teach) me new things.
8. In this club people usually (dance) 15. She __________________________ (help) the kids of the
a lot. neighborhood.
9. Linda _____________________ (take care) of her sister.
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Simple Present – INTERROGATIVE

Para escrevermos uma frase no PRESENTE SIMPLES na interrogativa (sem o to be), nós também
usaremos um auxiliar (do/does), cuja função é aparecer antes do sujeito da oração. O auxiliar não
possui tradução, ele aparece na oração justamente onde deveria estar o verbo to be. Quando usamos
o auxiliar DOES, o verbo principal da oração (main verb) volta para o infinitivo, já que o auxiliar é que
vai conjugar a frase.

Ex: Do I/you/we/they like cake?

Does he/she/it like cake?

Escrevemos: DO/DOES + Subject + main verb (Infinitive SEM “TO”) + Complement + ?

Exercise

Write DO or DOES with the verbs in the brackets in the interrogative form:

1. ___________________________________ (I - wake up) at five in the morning?

2. ___________________________________ (you - go) to work by train?
3. ___________________________________ (she - drink) coffee every morning?
4. ___________________________________ (he - smoke)?
5. ___________________________________ (it - hurt)?
6. ___________________________________ (we - dance)?
7. ___________________________________ (they - travel)?
8. ___________________________________ (Emma - cook) well?
9. ____________________________________ (Alexander - exercise) regularly?
10. ___________________________________ (I - look) well?
11. ___________________________________ (you - rest) enough?
12. ___________________________________ (William - work) too hard?
13. ___________________________________ (they - travel) often?
14. ___________________________________ (Anthony - go) to sleep too late?
15. ___________________________________ (you - bake) cakes?

Write the sentences in the affirmative, negative or interrogative forms:

1. Christopher___________________________________ (drive) a bus.
2. We ___________________________________ (have) some money.
3. ___________________________________ (you - watch) movies?
4. They ___________________________________ (not - work) for us.
5. I ___________________________________ (love) to dance.
6. She ___________________________________ (have) many friends.
7. Alexis and her husband always ___________________________________ (come) for the summer.
8. ___________________________________ (he - draw) well?
 25
twenty-five
9. James ___________________________________ (not - remember) me.
10. Laura ___________________________________ (be) a beautiful girl.
11. I ___________________________________ (not - eat) cheese.
12. Cats ___________________________________ (like) to sleep.
13. You ___________________________________ (be) a smart boy.
14. She ___________________________________ (wash) the dishes every evening.
15. ___________________________________ (you - be) ready?
16. I ___________________________________ (be) ready.

Pronunciation /prəˌnʌ[Link]ˈeɪ.ʃən/

What: /wɑːt/ Why: /waɪ/ Usually: /ˈjuː.ʒu.ə.li/

Where: /wer/ Whose: /huːz/ Do: /du/ , /duː/
When: /wen/ How: /haʊ/ Does: /dʌz/ , /dəz/
Who: /huː/ Because: /bɪˈkɑːz/ Don’t: /doʊnt/ , /doʊn/
Which: /wɪtʃ/ Always: /ˈɑːlweɪz/ Doesn’t: /ˈdʌz.ənt/

Why complicate life?

“Are you missing somebody? … Call.

Do you want to meet somebody up? … Invite.
Do you want to be understood? … Explain.
Do you have questions? … Ask.
Don’t you like something? … Say it.
Do you like something? … State it.
Do you want something? … Ask for it.
Do you love someone … Tell it.
We just have one Life. Keep it simple.”
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twenty-six
Reading Comprehension

TEXT 1 – Read the text carefully

WORKING IN THE HOTEL

If you decide that you would like to work in a hotel, there are many jobs that you can do without going to a
special school. Simple tasks like being a dishwasher, or laundry assistant, or working on the cleaning staff can
be trained on the job.

You can go to one of the many schools of SENAI and SENAC to learn specific occupations. They offer courses for
many jobs in hotels: electrician, plumber, elevator operstor, waiter etc. SENAI and SENAC have schools all over
the country.

You also go to university to work in a hotel. There are many two-year courses – technology courses – which
prepare for the hotel industry. There are also four-year university courses that prepare the students for higher
positions in hotels.

Glossary

All over: em todo, por todo Laundry: lavanderia

Dishwasher: lavador de pratos Plumber: encanador

Elevator: elevador Task: tarefa

Industry: setor Staff: pessoal (grupo de trabalhadores)

Exercise

Answer the questions according to the text:

a) What occupations can be trained on the job?

b) Where can SENAI and SENAC schools be found?

c) The text presents work alternatives for people with different types of school preparation. Write in
Portuguese your opinion about the differences of the types of preparation and the corresponding jobs.
 27
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TEXT 2 – Read the text carefully

COMPUTER SCIENCES

The computer is one of those things that are part of our lives today and in the very future. Computer Science is
the set of techniques and knowledge used in the creation of computer software for different purposes.

Choose Computer Science for your life if you like abstract thinking and a lot of calculations. Basic disciplines
include Mathematics, Physics, Electricity, Electronics, Computing Fundaments and Formal Languages.

Computer Science will require you to improve your capacity to express your thoughts in order to transform
ideas into software and also in order to explain your ideas to others.

After a four-year course of studies, the computer scientist will have little difficulty finding a job. The labor
market is vast and expanding. Some schools offer Computer Science courses directed to a specific area, such as
the biomedical area or the computer game development area, for instance.

And you have to do it right, otherwise people will not hire you. They will only pay you a salary when they
recognize that your work has value. If you want a higher salary, you have to provide more value.

Glossary

Course of studies: curso In Purpose: finalidade, propósito

order to: para, a fim de Set: conjunto

Knowledge: conhecimento To improve: melhorar

Labor: trabalho To require: exigir, requirir

Exercise

Answer the questions according to the text:

a) What is Computer Science?

b) Why is it easy for the computer scientist to find a job?

c) Do you agree with the third paragraph of the text? Write in Portuguese your opinion about that paragraph.
 28
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TEXT 3 – Read the text carefully

TOURISM

As happens in many areas, you can take a two-year or a four-year course on Tourism. There are many post-
graduation courses for tourism careers both in Brazil and abroad. It all depends on what you want.

Tourism graduates can work in travel agencies. They organize tours with detailed information on the means of
transportation, lodging options, places to visit and local attractions. Some tour agents offer specialized
packages, such as education tourism and ecotourism.

Tourism professionals can also work with the marketing side of tourism. They make market analyses in order
to meet the needs of the clients. They create projects to advertise a city, a state, a region. They announce a
product to attract visitors and investments.

On the planning side, tourism specialists identify the tourism possibilities of a place (they call it a destination).
They analyze the environmental and the cultural impacts of tourism activity on the place. Tourism specialists
also organize events, such as fairs, exhibits, seminars and conferences. This is known as business tourism.

Glossary

Abroad: no exterior Lodging: acomodações

To advertise: fazer propaganda de
Both... and: tanto... quanto
To happen: acontecer
Conference: congress
To meet the needs: atender às nececidades
Exhibit: exposição

Exercise

Answer the questions according to the text:

a) What do Tourism graduates do in travel agencies?

b) What is the work on the marketing side of tourism?

c) Write in Portuguese what you think and know about the perspectives of working on the tourism. Do the
specialists say that the number of jobs in this area will get higher? Do you agree?
 29
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TEXT 3 – Read the text carefully

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biotechnology is one the new professional courses offered by universities. Biotechnology uses chemical and
biological knowledge and new technologies in the areas of healthcare, food, chemistry and the environment.
Biotechnology graduates are multidisciplinary professionals. They study Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Statistics
and Information Technology.

In the area of Microbiology, these professionals study fungi, bacteria, viruses and protozoa and the diseases
that they cause in plants, animals and human beings. They research the methods to use such microorganisms in
the production of foods and beverages, such as dairy products, beer and wine.

The biotechnologist specializing in immunology uses the microorganisms in the production of vaccines and kits
for diagnosis. In the food and pharmaceutical industries, they control microbial growth, safety and hygiene at
the workplace. They work in researches for the development of new pharmaceutical drugs. They also work in
the environment area, to evaluate and prevent water and soil contamination.

Glossary

Beverage: bebida Healthcare: atendimento à saúde

Dairy: laticínios Safety: segurança

Graduate: formado Research: pesquisa
Growth: crescimento

Exercise

Answer the questions according to the text:

a) What knowledge does biotechnology use? In what areas?

b) What do biotechnologists do in the area of Microbiology?

c) What other areas a biotechnologist can work in? Write in Portuguese your knowledge about this subject.