LÍNGUA INGLESA

Professor: Marcelo Pimentel Farias

ORAÇÕES CONDICIONAIS (CONDITIONAL CLAUSES/IF CLAUSES)

Definição:

As Orações Condicionais (Conditional Clauses ou If Clauses) expressam a dependência

entre uma circunstância ou condição e um fato ou resultado. Essas circunstâncias e fatos podem
ser presentes, passados ou futuros. Lembre-se de que estamos trabalhando com períodos
compostos, constituídos por uma oração principal (main clause) e uma oração dependente, no
caso, oração subordinada condicional (conditional clause). Uma frase condicional é formada
por duas orações:

a) a oração condicional (if clause), que exprime a condição, introduzida por if ou when;

b) a oração principal (main clause), que menciona a consequência.

OBSERVAÇÕES:

• If e when podem ser usados um no lugar do outro quando significam

"sempre que"/"toda vez que":
If/When you heat ice, it turns to water.

• Quando a condição significar "caso", usa-se somente if:

If it rains today, I'll stay at home. (NOT When it rains today, I'll stay at home.)

ZERO CONDITIONAL

if + simple present + simple present

É usada para:
• Expressar ações decorrentes de leis naturais ou universais:
Fish die if they stay out of water.
If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
Metals expand if you heat them.
If you don't eat for a long time, you become hungry.

• Expressar situações gerais que são sempre verdade, ou seja, dada aquela condição
expressa pela oração condicional, obtém-se um resultado determinado:
If you press the button, the machine starts to work.
If you touch the car, the alarm goes off.

• Dar uma ordem ou instrução:

Please call me if you have any problems.
If you need help, talk to the supervisor.

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 LÍNGUA INGLESA
Professor: Marcelo Pimentel Farias

FIRST CONDITIONAL

Expressa situações ou ações possíveis ou prováveis de acontecerem no futuro.

if + simple present + simple future

If it doesn't rain, I will go to the beach.

If I have money, I will buy a car.
He won't have money to travel if he loses his job.
We will travel to USA if we get a visa.
If she takes a taxi, she'll get there in time.
If it is rainy, I won't go.
If he leaves work early, he will have time to eat before class.
Will you go if it rains?

OBSERVAÇÕES:

• Na if clause, NÃO há will:

If I am late, I'll phone. (NOT If I will be late, I'll phone.)

• É possível o uso do imperativo na oração principal para dar instruções, aconselhar ou

ainda falar sobre possibilidades no futuro, caso a condição expressa se cumpra. A
estrutura é a seguinte:
If you want to come with us, put on your sweater.
Call a doctor if you feel sick.

• Na if clause, pode também ocorrer um modal verb:

If you can't come, please phone.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

É usada para expressar ações ou situações improváveis, hipotéticas ou imaginárias no presente

ou no futuro.

if + simple past + would (could, might, should) + base form

If I won the lottery, I would buy a farm.

I'd go to the beach with you if I didn't have to study.
If I had a dictionary, I would look these words up.
If Maria spoke English better, she could be a bilingual secretary.
What would you do if you lost your job?
If I had a driver's license, I could go by car.
If they studied during their vacation, they might pass the examination.

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 LÍNGUA INGLESA
Professor: Marcelo Pimentel Farias
OBSERVAÇÕES:

• Nas orações condicionais, o verbo be no passado tem a forma were para todas as
pessoas. Convém salientar, entretanto, que, na linguagem mais informal, was também
ocorre nas 1ª e 3ª pessoas do sigular:
If he weren't so arrogant, I'd forgive him.
If she were angry, she would refuse to speak to you.
If I were you, I would accept their offer.
If my nose were a little shorter, I'd be quite pretty.

• Após I e we, should pode ser usado com o mesmo significado de would. Would é mais
comum no inglês moderno; é raro o uso de should no inglês americano.
If I knew her name, I should tell you.
If I married you, we should both be unhapppy.

THIRD CONDITIONAL
Este tipo de oração condicional refere-se a uma condição não realizada no passado, isto é, algo
que teria acontecido se um fato anterior tivesse ocorrido. Como a ação não ocorreu no
passado, ela é impossível agora no presente.

if + past perfect + would have (could have, might have) + past participle

They wouldn't have missed the opportunity if they had paid attention.
If we had stayed at home, we could have seen her son.
If he had arrived earlier, he wouldn't have missed the flight.
If he had driven more carefully, he could have avoided the accident.
They would have found the book if they had looked for it.
If I hadn't said that, he wouldn't have been so angry.
If they had studied during their vacation, they might have passed the examination.
I would have travelled if I had had money.
If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
If you had called me, I would have come.

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 LÍNGUA INGLESA
Professor: Marcelo Pimentel Farias

OS TEMPOS VERBAIS EMPREGADOS EM CADA ORAÇÃO CONDICIONAL

Veja nas tabelas abaixo um ESQUEMA GERAL mostrando os tempos verbais usados em
cada uma das oraçãos condicionais e a condição expressa por elas.

ZERO CONDITIONAL TEMPO VERBAL DA MAIN CLAUSE EXPRESSA UMA CONDIÇÃO

if + present simple + present simple verdadeira sempre

Iron rusts if it gets wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

FIRST CONDITIONAL TEMPO VERBAL DA MAIN CLAUSE EXPRESSA UMA CONDIÇÃO

+ simple future

if + simple present + imperative provável ou possível

+ can, must, may, might

If you read the text attentively, you will understand the questions. (Simple Future)
If you have any questions, send me an e-mail. (Imperative)
If you want to practice, you can do the interactive exercises. (Modal Verb)

SECOND CONDITIONAL TEMPO VERBAL DA MAIN CLAUSE EXPRESSA UMA CONDIÇÃO

+ would, could, might, should + base improvável, hipotética ou
if + simple past
form imaginária

If I had more time, I would do more interactive exercises.

If I were rich, I would buy a house in Florida.

EXPRESSA UMA
THIRD CONDITIONAL TEMPO VERBAL DA MAIN CLAUSE
CONDIÇÃO
+ would have, could have, might have + past
if + past perfect impossível
participle

If I hadn't broken my arm, I would have continued to play tennis.

If you had told me, we could have done something to help you.

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 LÍNGUA INGLESA
Professor: Marcelo Pimentel Farias

ORAÇÕES CONDICIONAIS - CASOS ESPECIAIS E PARTICULARIDADES

• A ordem das orações não altera nem o sentido nem a sequência dos tempos verbais.
Quando a oração condicional aparece em primeiro lugar, usamos vírgula para separá-la
da oração principal.
If we invite Jane, she will go.
Jane will go if we invite her.

• O if de uma oração condicional pode ser omitido quando ele for seguido de were ou
had. Nesse caso, é preciso fazer a inversão do sujeito com o verbo.
If she had arrived in time, she would have seen the film.
Had she arrived in time, she would have seen the film.
If she were my daughter, she wouldn't talk to me like that.
Were she my daughter, she wouldn't talk to me like that.

• Usando um progressive tense:

If it weren't raining now, I would go for a walk.
If it is raining here now, then it was raining on the West Coast this morning.

• Usando modals.
If you want to, you can go.
If Paul lied, he must be punished.

• Mixed Conditionals:

Usa-se para fazer suposições sobre uma situação passada. A estrutura é a seguinte:

if + simple past + would have, could have, might have + past participle

If Rafael spoke Russian, he would have translated the letter for you.
If I were you, I could have gone to the party.
If I were braver, I would have confronted him.

Usa-se, para fazer suposições sobre situações presentes que não são possíveis porque
a condição no passado não foi concretizada, a seguinte estrutura:

if + past perfect + would, could, might, should + base form

If you had accepted my advice, you wouldn't be crying now.

If you had taken the course, you would know how to explain the issue.

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 LÍNGUA INGLESA
Professor: Marcelo Pimentel Farias

OUTRAS CONJUNÇÕES CONDICIONAIS

• Unless (se não, a menos que, a não ser que) pode ser usado em lugar de if not:
Bill won't come if you don't invite him.
Bill won't come unless you invite him.
I won't watch TV if there isn't something really interesting.
I won't watch TV unless there's something really interesting.

• As conjunções as long as e provided that (contanto que, somente se) reforçam a ideia
de que a condição deve ser cumprida para que se produza o resultado esperado:
You can come to the wedding as long as/provided that you don't wear jeans and a
T-shirt.
As long as/Provided that you explain the exercise, he will be able to do it.
As long as/Provided that you work harder, you'll have a rise.

• In case (no caso, caso) expressa precaução e pode explicar o porquê da condição.
I'll take an umbrella in case it rains.
I will make more sandwiches in case more people arrive.

• If only (se ao menos...) expressa um desejo ou arrependimento:

If only math wasn't so difficult.
If only I remembered his phone number, but I just can't.
If I only hadn't told the truth, but I did.

• Whether or not (quer... ou não)

Susan will come whether or not you invite her.
I'll go swimming whether or not it rains.
I don't know whether she comes… (or not)