Protocolo de Roteamento RIP

Publicado em 11/12/2010 por Edvan Barros Deixe um comentrio

Para configurar rotas em roteadores, temos duas opes: criar rotas estticas eou utilizar protocolos de roteamento.
Protocolo de roteamento, na verdade, um algoritmo que serve para preencher a tabela de roteamento de um roteador, com isso o roteador consegue dinamicamente apreender sobre as novas redes e quando as redes so desativadas por algum motivo. Temos vrios protocolos de roteamento utilizados na internet. Podemos classificar os protocolos de roteamento como: IGP Interior Gateway Protocol Exemplos: RIP, OSPF, EIGRP (proprietrio Cisco) e etc. EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol Exemplos: BGP e IS-IS Nesse artigo, estarei focando o Protocolo de Roteamento RIP. Mas em breve estarei abordando o OSPF, bem como os outros protocolos proprietrios.

RIP Routing Information Protocol

O RIP um protocolo de roteamento classificado como Vetor de Distncia. Atualmente ele possui 2 verses que trabalham com o IPv4: RIP Verso 1 A verso 1 do RIP limitada em comparao com as redes atuais, na sua poca de lanamento supria todas as necessidades. Abaixo segue algumas caractersticas do RIPv1. Classfull Limite de 15 saltos Broadcast RIP Verso 2 A verso 2 do RIP tem muitas melhorias que suprem as tecnologias e tcnicas das redes atuais. Classless Limite 15 saltos Multicast Autenticao

Prtica
Agora irei abordar uma prtica utilizando o Packet Tracer (software de simulao da Cisco). Abaixo est o cenrio que irei utilizar.

Iremos configurar o Router A. Configurao da Interface Serial 0/0/0 Router_A(config)#inter s0/0/0 Router_A(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Router_A(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link] Router_A(config-if)#no shutdown Configurao da Interface FastEthernet 0/0 Router_A(config)#inter fastEthernet 0/0 Router_A(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link] Router_A(config-if)#no shutdown Configurao do RIPv2 no Router A Router_A(config)#router rip Router_A(config-router)#network [Link] Router_A(config-router)#network [Link] Router_A(config-router)#version 2 Agora vamos verificar o status das interfaces no Router A. Router_A#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 [Link] YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/0/0 [Link] YES manual down down Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Veja que a Serial0/0/0 est Down, mesmo executando o comando no shutdown nessa interface ela no fica UP at a outra ponta (Router B) est configurada e com o comando no shutdown. Vamos agora configurar o Router B. Configurao da Interface Serial0/0/1 (interface que est ligada ao Router A)

Router_B(config)#inter s0/0/1 Router_B(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link] Router_B(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up Vejam que assim que damos o comando no shutdown nessa interface, mostrada a mensagem que a Interface est UP. Voltemos ao Router A, vamos verificar a interface se ela ficou UP agora. Router_A#show ip inter brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 [Link] YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/0/0 [Link] YES manual up up Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Pronto! A interface S0/0/0 est UP, e o Router A j pode se comunicar com o Router B. Router_A#ping [Link] Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/28/32 ms Nota: Essa comunicao entre o Router A e Router B no est sendo utilizada pelo RIP, pois a Rede de ambos est diretamente conectada. Vejamos a tabela de Roteamento do Router B. Router_B#show ip route Codes: C connected, S static, I IGRP, R RIP, M mobile, B BGP D EIGRP, EX EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP i IS-IS, L1 IS-IS level-1, L2 IS-IS level-2, ia IS-IS inter area * candidate default, U per-user static route, o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set [Link]/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C [Link] is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 Configurao da Serial 0/0/1 do Router B Router_B(config)#inter s0/0/1 Router_B(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link] Router_B(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Router_B(config-if)#no shutdown Configurao do RIPv2 no Router B Router_B(config)#router rip Router_B(config-router)#version 2

Router_B(config-router)#network [Link] Router_B(config-router)#network [Link] Configurao da Serial 0/0/0 do Router C Router_C(config)#inter s0/0/0 Router_C(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link] Router_C(config-if)#no shutdown Configurao da FastEthernet 0/0 do Router C Router_C(config)#inter fastEthernet 0/0 Router_C(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link] Router_C(config-if)#no shutdown Configurao do RIPv2 no Router C Router_C(config)#router rip Router_C(config-router)#version 2 Router_C(config-router)#network [Link] Router_C(config-router)#network [Link] Vamos agora verificar a tabela de roteamento de cada Router. Tabela de Roteamento Router A Router_A#show ip route Codes: C connected, S static, I IGRP, R RIP, M mobile, B BGP D EIGRP, EX EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP i IS-IS, L1 IS-IS level-1, L2 IS-IS level-2, ia IS-IS inter area * candidate default, U per-user static route, o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C [Link]/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R C R [Link]/24 [120/2] via [Link], 00:00:26, Serial0/0/0 [Link]/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets [Link] is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 [Link] [120/1] via [Link], 00:00:26, Serial0/0/0

Tabela de Roteamento Router B Router_B#show ip route Codes: C connected, S static, I IGRP, R RIP, M mobile, B BGP D EIGRP, EX EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP i IS-IS, L1 IS-IS level-1, L2 IS-IS level-2, ia IS-IS inter area * candidate default, U per-user static route, o ODR P periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set R [Link]/24 [120/1] via [Link], 00:00:01, Serial0/0/1 R C C [Link]/24 [120/1] via [Link], 00:00:20, Serial0/0/0 [Link]/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets [Link] is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 [Link] is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

Tabela de Roteamento Router C Router_C#show ip route Codes: C connected, S static, I IGRP, R RIP, M mobile, B BGP D EIGRP, EX EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP i IS-IS, L1 IS-IS level-1, L2 IS-IS level-2, ia IS-IS inter area * candidate default, U per-user static route, o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set R [Link]/24 [120/2] via [Link], 00:00:15, Serial0/0/0 C R C [Link]/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 [Link]/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets [Link] [120/1] via [Link], 00:00:15, Serial0/0/0 [Link] is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

Pronto! Todos os roteadores esto com a sua tabela de roteamento preenchida corretamente e com isso o Host A pode se comunicar com o Host B e vice-versa. Vamos agora testar a conectividade dos hosts. Host A para Host B PC>ping [Link] Pinging [Link] with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=32ms TTL=125 Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=125 Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=125 Ping statistics for [Link]: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 22ms, Maximum = 32ms, Average = 26ms Host B para Host A PC>ping [Link] Pinging [Link] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=20ms TTL=125 Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=125 Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=125 Reply from [Link]: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125

Ping statistics for [Link]: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 14ms, Maximum = 24ms, Average = 20ms Pronto!, Espero que tenham gostado. At o prximo post.
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