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 CAPÍTULO 5
NOUNS

De acordo com o dicionário de Oxford, um noun, ou substantivo em português é uma palavra que se refere a
uma pessoa, coisa, qualidade ou atividade.

5.1 One word nouns

São substantivos formados a partir de uma única palavra.
• Examples: Car, mother, table, love, food, water...

5.2 Compound nouns

Alguns substantivos consistem de mais de uma palavra. Estes são substantivos compostos.

• noun + noun = car park Iceland shopkeeper website.

• adjective + noun = blackberry grandstand greenhouse small talk.

• verb + noun = breakwater fallguy gokart runway.

Existem alguns substantivos que são compostos por hífen e outros não. Os hífens servem para unir duas
ou mais palavras a fim de evitar ambiguidades. Veja abaixo alguns exemplos:

SEA + FOOD = SEAFOOD

With spaces Without spaces With hyphens
Ice cream classmate mother-in-law
swimming pool greenhouse dry-cleaning
bus stop grasshopper self-confidence
living room lifespan merry-go-round

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5.3 Countable and Uncountable

Alguns substantivos podem ser contáveis e outros não possuem forma plural.

Examples:

COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE
Dollar Money
Minute Time
Cup Coffee
Piece Bread
Glass Glass

Obs.: A palavra glass pode ter dois significados diferentes e duas classificações diferentes.
• Ex.: I drink a glass of water. (Eu bebo um copo de água.)

• Ex.: The glass of the window is broken. (O vidro da janela está quebrado.)

5.4 Singular and Plural Nouns

Um substantivo no singular denomina uma pessoa, coisa, lugar ou ideia. Enquanto isso, um substantivo no
plural nomeia mais de um. Lembrese que existem plurais regulares, acrescidos de -s, e outras palavras que são
irregulares e mudam bastante de acordo com a sua origem.

SINGULAR PLURAL
Person People
Woman Women
Mouse Mice
Datum Data
Kid Kids
Bacterium Bacteria

5.5 Collective Nouns

Coletivos são substantivos que agrupam seres ou 5.5.3 Animals
objetos da mesma categoria. Sheep = A flock of sheep
Ovelha = um rebanho de ovelhas
5.5.1 People Cow = A herd of cattle
Vaca = um rebanho de vacas
Thieves = gang of Assaltantes = quadrilha
Bees = swarm
People = crowd Pessoas = multidão
Abelhas = enxame
Indians = tribe Índios = tribo
Beavers = colony
Crew = sailors Tripulação = marinheiros
Castores = colônia
Knights = banner Cavaleiros = tropa/legião
Bats = colony
Morcegos = colônia
5.5.2 Things
Archipelago = islands Arquipélago = ilhas
Atlas = maps Atlas = mapas
Battery = tests Bateria = exames
Forest = trees Floresta = árvores
Galaxy = stars Galáxia = estrelas

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5.6 Noun Gender

Os gêneros dos substantivos na língua inglesa possuem alguns detalhes que divergem dos gêneros no por-
tuguês. Em geral, os substantivos na língua inglesa não apresentam distinção entre masculino e feminino,
como na língua portuguesa. Contudo, eles podem ser indicados por diferentes palavras a depender ao que
nos referimos (pessoas, animais, algumas profissões etc).

Man (Homem) Woman (Mulher) Person (Pessoa)

Husband (Marido) Wife (Esposa) Spouse (Conjuge)
Brother (Irmão) Sister (Irmã) Sibling (Irmão/irmã)
Waiter (Garçom) Waitress (Garçonete) Server (Garçom/Garçonete)
Father (Pai) Mother (Mãe) Parent (Pai/Mãe)
Boy (Garoto) Girl (Garota) Kid/Child (Criança)
Rooster (Galo) Hen (Galinha) Chicken (Frango)
Stallion (Cavalo) Mare (Égua) Horse (Cavalo/Égua)
Uncle (Tio) Aunt (Tia) ...
King (Rei) Queen (Rainha) Monarch (Monarca Rei/Rainha)
Actor (Ator) Actress (Atriz) ...
Heir (Herdeiro) Heirness (Herdeira) ...
Steward (Comissário de bordo) Stewardess (Comissária de bordo) Flight Attendant (Comissária/Comissário)

Por outro lado, outros substantivos não apresentam diferença entre feminino e masculino, especialmente
os que determinam profissões e algumas relações familiares:

Examples:

• Doctor (Médico/Médica)

• Student (Estudante)

• Cousin (Primo/Prima)

• Friend (Amigo/Amiga)

• Nurse (Enfermeiro/Enfermeira)

• Lawyer (Advogado/Advogada)

• Teacher (Professor/Professora)

Tais substantivos podem ser distinguidos acrescentando previamente palavras como Male (masculino) ou
Female (feminino) a depender do sexo de quem se fala.

Examples:
Michael is not my boyfriend. He is just a male friend. It will be good to have a female doctor in the family.
Obs.: É uma velha tradição nos referirmos a navios e carros no feminino, possivelmente por conta da
influência do France na língua ing lesa.

5.7 Proper Nouns

Um nome próprio é um substantivo que distingue e identifica algo de forma específica, como uma pessoa,
um lugar ou entidade geográfica. Ademais, começam com letra maiúscula, independente de onde ocorre na
oração.

Examples:

• Agatha Christie wrote many books.

• I can see Jupiter tonight.

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5.8 The Genitive Case

Genitive case é uma regra gramatical, aplicada na língua inglesa, que visa exprimir uma relação de posse a
partir do símbolo do apóstrofo.

Examples:
• The dog’s food bowl is empty. (A tigela de comida do cachorro está vazia).
• New York City’s crime rate is low. (A taxa de criminalidade de Nova York é baixa).

5.9 Exercícios de fixação

• Utilize um bom DICIONÁRIO para realizar os c) The roof of the building is dirty.
próximos exercícios e anote todas as palavras d) My house is near here.
que você não conhece.
5. Choose the word that makes the noun
1. (CN-18) Read the sentences below. "news"into a compound noun.
I. Can you give me some information. ple- a) Story
ase?
b) Paper
II. Those women are my teachers.
c) Travels
III. He doesnt have much money.
d) Moment
IV. Life is great!
6. Mark the option which has an underlined
Choose the option which defines the underlined
proper noun:
nouns as U (uncountable) or C (countable).
a) When I visited France, I have visited the
a) U - C - U - U
Louvre.
b) C - C - C - C
b) We should eat vegetables and fruits.
c) C - C - U - U
c) They avoid drinking alcohol.
d) U - U - U - U
d) You can draw some pictures.
e) C - U - C - C
7. Mark the option which doesnt make the
2. Classify the underlined nouns as U (uncoun- word "sun"into a compound noun:
table) or C (countable).
a) Glasses
I. We’re going to get new furniture for the li-
ving room. b) Rise
II. I bought two pairs of trousers. c) Day
III. Have you heard the news? d) Ache

a) U - U - U 8. All the alternatives have only countable

nouns, except:
b) C - C - C
c) U - C - U a) Glass - cup - plate
d) C - U - C b) Piece slice - can
c) Bus - car - train
3. Mark the option that has an uncountable
word: d) Rice - beans - pasta

a) Poison 9. In, "Let’s watch the full moon come up over the
mountain.", the highlighted word is a compound
b) Situation
noun made of:
c) Limit
a) Adjective + noun
d) Test
b) Verb + noun
4. Mark the option which has a genitive case:
c) Verb + preposition
a) What’s your favorite color? d) Noun + adjective
b) A friend of mine is from Australia.

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10. Medicine should not be kept where it is 17. In, "There was a crowd on the street.", which
to children. word is a collective noun ?
a) Far away a) Street
b) Accessible b) Crowd
c) Untouchable c) On
d) Inaccessible d) There
11. His is as changeable as the Bri- 18. If you go to a big shop, you will have many
tish weather. more .
a) Mood a) Choices
b) Character b) Price
c) Thought c) News
d) Behavior d) Furniture
12. The comitee discussed the matter for 19. My mother’s father is my .
many hours, but could not come to a(n)
. a) Father
a) Existence b) Mother
b) Decision c) Cousin
c) Argument d) Grandfather
d) Discussion 20. All the underlined words are uncountable,
except:
13. Both Christianity and Islam are
religions. a) I eat bread for breakfast.
a) Monotheistic b) She doesnt have much money.
b) Polytheistic c) The students did many exercises.
c) Atheistic d) I drink coffee every day.
d) Polytheism
21. I read in a(n) that a company
14. When the king died, the prince became the is looking for engineers.
new ruler of the . a) Instruction
a) Republic b) Advertisement
b) Government c) Booklet
c) Kingdom d) Synopsis
d) Palace
22. A book gives directions ex-
15. The tried hard to overcome plaining how to prepare and cook various kinds
the air pollution in the city. of food.

a) Washers a) Recipe
b) Governors b) Advertisement
c) Plants c) Novel
d) Clouds d) School report
16. He was a . He died while figh- 23. The corn fields in the valley were destroyed
ting for his country in the World War I. by the after the storm.
a) Separatist a) Drought
b) Spy b) Wind
c) Patriot c) Flood
d) Coward d) Famine

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24. We have a of tests during this 31. The collective of "fish"is called .
week.
a) Shoal
a) Herd b) Nest
b) Battery c) Troop
c) Crowd d) Crew
d) Tribe
32. The collective of "soldier"is called
25. He has won my because he .
has been working honestly.
a) Band
a) Selfish b) Choir
b) Confidence c) Colony
c) Envy d) Troop
d) Trsutworthy
33. All the alternatives have a female form, ex-
26. One must meet the to be elec- cept:
ted as a chair person.
a) Engineer
a) Subjects b) Waiter
b) Contracts c) King
c) Requirements d) Actor
d) Treatments
34. Which of these words is in the singular?
27. Everybody made but does a) Children
nothing about the degradation of our environ-
ment. b) People
c) Bacteria
a) Pollution
d) Cactus
b) Interruptions
c) Complaints 35. Which of these options is a proper noun?
d) Acceleration a) Jane.
b) Spain.
28. I don’t know the scheduled time of
, but I do know that the plane c) Microsoft.
to Istanbul has already left. d) All of the above.
a) Purchase 36. (PMSC) In the following excerpt: "(...) the go-
b) Accomodation vernment received notifications of 3,306 potential vic-
c) Departure tims of modern slavery in England and Wales (...)",
the underlined words are, respectively:
d) Station
a) A noun an adjective a noun an adjective.
29. She tried hard to solve the between
b) An adjective an adjective a noun a noun.
the two friends but she couldn’t succeed it.
c) An adjective a noun an adjective a noun.
a) Relationship
d) A noun a noun an adjective an adjective.
b) Conflict
e) An adjective a noun a noun a noun.
c) Indication
d) Register

30. The hotel was untidy and dirty so it didnt

make a good on us.

a) Appearance
b) Impression
c) Improve
d) Develop

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37. (EEAR-13) Could you or Someone You Care 42. (EEAR-17) Choose the alternative in which
About Have an Eating Disorder? In a culture all the words are uncountable.
where thinness is too often equated with phy-
sical attractiveness, success, and happiness, ne- a) salt - cake - egg
arly everyone has dealt with issues regarding b) chocolate - butter - walnut
the effect their weight and body shape can have
on their selfimage. However, eating disorders c) flour - baking powder - sugar
such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, com- d) vanilla - cake tin - ice cream
pulsive eating, and obesity, are not about dieting
or vanity they’re complex psychological disor- 43. (EEAR-18) TwentyFirst Century Birdwat-
ders in which individual’s eating patterns are ching Our ancestors could spot natural preda-
developed and then habitually maintained in tors from far by their silhouettes. Are we equally
an attempt to cope with other problems in their aware of the predators in the present day? Dro-
life. Eating disorders know no class, cultural, or nes are remotecontrolled planes that can be used
gender boundaries and can affect men, women, for anything from surveillance, to rescue ope-
adolescents, and even children, from all walks rations and scientific research. Most drones
of life. are used today by military powers for remote-
- All the words below are nouns, except: controlled surveillance and attack, and their
numbers are growing. The Federal Aviation Ad-
a) bless. ministration (FAA) predicted in 2012 that within
b) success. 20 years there could be as many as 30.000 dro-
nes flying over U.S. Soil alone. As robotic birds
c) happiness.
will become commonplace in the near future, we
d) attractiveness. should be prepared to identify them.
38. All words below are countable nouns, except: In the text, all the nouns bellow refer to drones,
except:
a) mice
b) news a) predators (line 2)
c) sheep b) ancestors (line 1)
d) children c) robotic birds (line 10)
d) remotecontrolled planes (line 3)
39. (EEAR-13) All words below describe male fa-
mily members, except:
44. (EEAR12) "Thursday"comes
a) son
a) before Wednesday.
b) uncle
b) after Monday.
c) mother
d) grandfather c) before Friday.
d) after Friday.
40. (EEAR-11) Positive thoughts make work
easier. Thoughts is . 45. (EPCAR-17) Mark the group of uncountable
a) A verb words extracted from the text above.

b) A noun a) Prejudice - experience - ability.

c) An adverb b) Orientation - body - position.
d) An adjective c) Discrimination - intolerance - racism.
41. (EEAR-16) In the sentence: The steward is ar- d) History - status - religion.
riving in the airport now. The feminine of the
word in bold type is 46. (EFOMM-11) Which pair of words below
contains countable nouns:
a) woman steward
b) female steward a) news / bread
c) stewardwoman b) advice / music
d) stewardess c) weather / equipment
d) vocabulary / baggage
e) paper / illness

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47. (EEAR-10) The cartoonist made a mis- d) Colony

take with the intention of saying something
funny. His mistake was in the use of a/an 53. All the options are correct, except:
. a) A bevy of girls
b) A box of cereal
c) A herd of cattle
d) A shoal of fish

54. All the options are compound nouns with

hyphens, except:
a) mother-in-law
a) Noun b) dry-cleaning
b) Preposition c) self-confidence
c) Auxiliary verb d) grass-hoper
d) Object pronoun 55. All the options are compound nouns without
hyphens, except:
48. (EFOMM-16) Choose the option that con-
tains only nouns. a) ice cream
a) Absentee, craftsmanship, golden, confu- b) swimming pool
sion c) son in law
b) Assistant, friendliness, kindness, frosty d) bus stop
c) Adhesive, mindful, backwards, slowly 56. Mark the option with a female noun:
d) Wisdom, amazement, ammunition, cruelty
a) Nephew
e) Heroic, wooden, poetic, clockwise
b) Niece
49. (ESFCEX-11) How many nouns are in the c) Uncle
sentence below? d) Grandpa
"João and Maria live with their mother and father."
57. Mark the option with a male noun:
a) 1
a) witch
b) 2
b) actress
c) 3
c) host
d) 4
d) businesswoman
e) 5
58. The masculine form of "daughter"is:
50. In, "You are a sunflower.", the underlined
word is a(n) noun. a) wizard
b) son
a) Collective
c) emperor
b) Plural
d) uncle
c) Compound
d) Uncountable 59. The feminine form of "king"is:

51. August comes before . a) princess

b) empress
a) July
c) queen
b) September
d) prince
c) November
d) October 60. Mark the option with only uncountable
nouns:
52. The collective of "actors"is:
a) Rice - beans
a) Cast b) Pasta - bread
b) Sentence c) Juice - wine
c) Galaxy d) Cookies - banana

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61. Mark the option with only abstract nouns, ex- 68. Read the paragraph and mark the option
cept: with a proper noun: Japan is a fascinating coun-
try of economic and business prowess, rich cul-
a) Believe ture, technical wizardry, spatial conundrums
b) Courage and contradictions. Japan held onto the title of
the world’s second largest economy for more
c) Passion
than 40 years from 1968 to 2010.
d) Anger
a) business
62. Mark the option with only countable nouns: b) economy
a) Advice - information c) fascinating
d) Japan
b) Water - bottle
c) Furniture - baggage 69. "Mother and father" are examples of:
d) Letter - book a) vegetables
63. Mark the option without a possessive noun: b) family members
c) fruits
a) The clown’s nose
d) machines
b) The Smiths’dog
70. "Purple and brown" are:
c) The four babies’bibs
d) The girl’s happy. a) Clothes
b) Seasons
64. All the options are in the plural form, except: c) Foods
a) woman d) Colors
b) people 71. "Winter" is an example of:
c) bacteria a) season
d) analyses b) weather
65. All the words are in the singular form, ex- c) temperature
cept: d) rate

a) phenomena 72. "Avocado and cherry"are examples of:

b) fireman a) vegetables
c) cactus b) family members
d) criterion c) fruits
d) machines
66. The noun that correspond to the verb in bold
type, in the sentence below, is: "I’d strongly ad- 73. Read the sentence and mark the option with
vise against making a sudden decision." a proper noun: "SantosDumont was living in Pa-
ris at the time, and was one of the most active
a) Adivised "aeronauts"in Europe, having developed a series of
b) Advisor nonrigid airships that displayed unparalleled agility,
c) Advice speed, endurance, and ease of control."

d) Advising a) Paris
b) Agility
67. All the sentences below have a wild animal,
c) Control
except:
d) Series
a) The video showed a man morphing into a
tiger. 74. Mark the option with an example of genitive
case:
b) Macaws’ big size and vibrant colors make
them hard to overlook. a) He’s really tired.
c) A dog lay under the table, gnawing on a b) My father’s son is my brother.
bone. c) She’s been stdying abroad.
d) We sailed past a group of seals. d) She’s a nurse.

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75. (EN) Which of the alternatives below comple- 81. (UFRGS) The correct verbal forms of the
tes the sentence correctly? I need (1) about the nouns "seduction", "betrayal", and "destruc-
next exams. tion"are:

a) advices a) seduce - betray - destroy

b) some advices b) seduct - betray - destroy
c) an information c) seduce - betrayal - destruct
d) some information d) seduct - betrayal - destruct
e) informations e) seduce - betray - destruct

76. (EFOMM-06) Choose the alternative that 82. The correct verbal forms of the nouns "crea-
best replaces the underlined words. "Psycholo- tion and "difference"are:
gists say kids are being robbed of time they need for
a) create - differentiate
connecting with their parents and siblings".
b) creator - different
a) colleagues c) creative - differently
b) partners d) creatively - different
c) relatives
83. The correct verbal forms of the nouns "be-
d) friends
auty"and "strength"are:
e) brother or sister
a) strengthen - beautify
77. (EEAR) In (...) "you are not sureabout how much b) strong - beautiful
(...)", the underlined words are closest in mea-
c) strongly - beautifully
ning to "you ".
d) stronger - beautiful
a) know
b) are certain 84. I don’t have much . Just two
small bags.
c) are uncertain
a) handbags
d) have no doubt
b) luggage
78. (EEAR) According to the text, choose the best c) suitcases
response. In "Americans usually tip people in pla-
ces like restaurants, airports, hotels, and (...)", the d) bags
word "TIP"is closest in meaning to
85. In, "The forecast is for dry, cloudy weather with
a) take some money. no precipitation expected." the word in bold type
is closest in meaning to:
b) pay for the service.
c) ask for extra money. a) Snow
d) give an amount of additional money. b) Wind
c) Rain
79. (EEAR) "low wages", in bold type in the text,
d) Cloud
is closest in meaning to
86. In, "The town hall is the only edifice surviving
a) large tips.
from the 15th century." the word in bold type is
b) small tips. closest in meaning to:
c) small salary.
a) House
d) a high amount of money.
b) Fabric
80. (EEAR) In "Walker is a clerk, but he also ma- c) Tower
kes money as Daniel’s double (...)", the underlined d) Building
word means that Walker Daniel.

a) looks like
b) is not similar
c) is different from
d) is the opposite of

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87. In, "As it rots, it releases carbon dioxide and d) Bone

methane, contributing to the greenhouse effect", the
underlined words are defined as: 93. Other psychologists argue that many ani-
mals were more likely to pose a threat to anci-
a) An increase in the amount of carbon dio- ent humans, from tigers to crocodiles. Yet, pho-
xide and other gases in the atmosphere. bias of those animals are not that common. The-
b) An extreme weather condition with very refore, those psychologists feel that arachnopho-
strong wind, heavy rain, and often thunder bia is more likely based on cultural beliefs about
and lightning. the nature of spiders. Based on the text, what is
arachnophobia?
c) The sudden loud noise that comes from the
sky especially during a storm. a) fear of tigers.
d) The cutting down of trees in a large area, or b) fear of crocodiles
the destruction of forests by people.
c) fear of spiders
88. In, "They place the bales onto an elevator that d) fears of dogs
transports them to a shredding mill.", the word "ele-
vator"the word in bold type is closest in meaning 94. (EEAR) Ursula! I whispered Yes, my darling,
to: she said, without her eyes. What
have you got in your basket? I asked. She ope-
a) crosswalk ned her eyes, startled, and looked at me. What
b) subway do you mean? she said defensively. There is so-
c) lift mething moving in your basket, I said. Oh, its
nothing. Its just a present for somebody. She
d) lorry said.
89. In, "He drove so fast that I really felt my life was The word "darling", line 2, in the text refers to
in danger" the underlined word is closest in me-
a) an adjective.
aning to:
b) an adverb.
a) Hazard
c) a noun.
b) Safe
d) a verb.
c) Crowd
d) Rudder 95. (EEAR) Olympic Sports The first modern
Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece,
90. Select the answer choice that identifies the in the year 1896. Athletes from only 13 coun-
noun in the sentence. It will take all of your tries participated in the Games that year. They
energy and will to be able to walk again. competed in 43 different events in just 9 sports
(track and field, swimming, cycling, fencing,
a) Take gymnastics, shooting, tennis, weight lifting, and
b) All wrestling). In 2004, the Olympic Games took
c) Your place once again in Athens. This time athletes
from 202 countries competed in 300 events in
d) Energy 28 sports. Only five sports have been in every
Olympic Games The words, in bold type, in the
91. Select the answer choice that identifies the
text are
noun in the sentence. The works of many great
poets have been placed on reserve. a) verbs
a) Many b) nouns
b) Great c) pronouns
c) Placed d) adjectives
d) Reserve

92. Select the answer choice that identifies the

noun in the sentence. Sharks and lampreys are
not true fish because their skeletons are made of
cartilage rather than bone.
a) True
b) Because
c) Their

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96. (EEAR) "Brazil’s air force says it will install 99. The noun that correspond to the verb in bold
new software to improve air traffic control across type, in the sentence below, is:
the nation. The air force says the locally develo- He never acts on other peoples advice."
ped software will help avoid a repeat of the cha-
otic situation in 2007 when radar failures and a) Actor
problems prompted mass cancellati-
ons and delays.(...)" failures, (line 05), is a(n) b) Active
c) Action
a) verb.
d) Actively
b) noun.
c) adjective. 100. (NUCEPE) The sequence that shows only
d) conjunction. countable nouns is

97. (EEAR) If you feel nervous about a task, stop a) rice, meat, cherry, tea.
and think positive thoughts. (...) thoughts, (line b) sausage, water, potato, cake.
5), is
c) electricity, pride, house, bread.
a) a verb.
d) eggplant, pantyhose, truck, wolf.
b) a noun.
e) homework, evidence, flour, orange.
c) an adverb.
d) an adjective.
5.9.1 Gabarito
98. (EEAR) "Native speakers of English, too, have 1) A 2) C 3) A 4) C 5) B
a fundamentally important role to play in the in- 6) A 7) D 8) D 9) A 10) B
ternational efforts to increase communication safety. 11) A 12) B 13) A 14) C 15) B
Improving radiotelephony safety is no small mat- 16) C 17) B 18) A 19) D 20) C
ter, requiring concerted effort and widespread coo- 21) B 22) B 23) C 24) B 25) B
peration, and all pilots and controllers will benefit
26) C 27) C 28) C 29) B 30) B
an improved understanding of how
31) A 32) D 33) A 34) D 35) D
language functions, with a focus on strategies that
36) C 37) A 38) B 39) C 40) B
aid comprehension and clarity. Additionally, an ethi-
41) D 42) C 43) B 44) C 45) C
cal obligation arises on the part of native speakers
46) C 47) A 48) D 49) D 50) C
of English, in particular, to increase their linguistic
awareness and to take special care in the delivery of 51) B 52) A 53) D 54) D 55) D
messages.(...)" 56) B 57) C 58) B 59) C 60) A
61) A 62) D 63) D 64) A 65) A
The words: "safety", clarity"and "delivery", in 66) C 67) C 68) D 69) B 70) A
bold in the text, are
71) A 72) C 73) A 74) B 75) D
a) verbs. 76) E 77) C 78) D 79) C 80) A
81) A 82) A 83) A 84) B 85) C
b) nouns.
86) D 87) A 88) C 89) D 90) D
c) adverbs. 91) D 92) D 93) C 94) C 95) B
d) adjectives. 96) B 97) B 98) B 99) C 100) D

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